环境监测数据异常值的判定及处置

准确、可靠的环境监测数据是环境管理的重要现实依据，因此正确鉴别和处理异常数据是环境监测工作中的关键环节。简述了环境监测异常数据的类型和产生的原因，对异常监测数据的处理措施进行了分析。提出，应建立健全环境监测质量管理体系、重视现场采样的信息化管理、正确填写监测原始记录和加强监测数据的审核。     

气候条件对中国水稻稻飞虱为害规律的影响

稻飞虱除了在海南、广东、广西、二南南部冬季有少量虫源存活外，在中国其它大部分地区常年均不能越冬，春秋季初始虫源主要来自于国外。越南是中国稻飞虱的主要初始虫源地，中国稻飞虱直接来自越南红河三角洲，而最初的虫源地为泪公河三角洲。入境后的稻飞虱每年均出现有规律的５次由南向北和３次由北向南的迁飞过程。暖冬使越南等境外或中国稻飞虱越冬区的稻飞虱迁入期提前，为害期延长．中国稻飞虱发生较重的年份大多出现在３—５月副高较强的年份．厄尔尼诺年的次年中国稻飞虱有可能严重发生。     

基于IRBFNN和PCA的电网预想故障安全运行评估方法研究

为了更快速直观地监视、分析和评估故障后电网的安全运行状态,提出了基于径向基函数(radical basis function,RBF)神经网络和主成分分析法(principal component analysis,PCA)的评估模型。利用带衰减因子的吸引力传播(affinity propagation,AP)聚类算法选择RBF神经网络中心和隐含层节点数,同时提出了扩展的电网运行状态安全评估指标,利用越限指标权重和指数阶数避免了安全评估的遮蔽现象,利用主成分分析选取RBF神经网络的输入矢量特征,最后通过IEEE-30节点仿真算例验证了所提模型的有效性。     

Process,Characterization and Biodegradability of Aliphatic Aromatic Polyester/Sisal Fiber Composites

The biodegradability, morphology, and mechanical properties of composite materials made of Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and sisal fiber (SF) were evaluated. Composites containing acrylic acid-grafted PBAT (PBAT-g-AA/SF) exhibited noticeably superior mechanical properties due to greater compatibility between the two components. The dispersion of SF in the PBAT-g-AA matrix was highly homogeneous as a result of ester formation between the carboxyl groups of PBAT-g-AA and hydroxyl groups in SF and the consequent creation of branched and cross-linked macromolecules. Each composite was subjected to biodegradation tests in Rhizopus oryzae compost. Morphological observations indicated severe disruption of film structure after 60 days of incubation, and both the PBAT and the PBAT-g-AA/SF composite films were eventually completely degraded. Water resistance of PBAT-g-AA/SF was higher than that of PBAT/SF, although weight loss of composites buried in Rhizopus oryzae compost indicated that both were biodegradable, even at high levels of SF substitution. The PBAT-g-AA/SF films were more biodegradable than those made of PBAT, implying a strong connection between these characteristics and biodegradability.     

Effects of Alkali Treatment on the Properties of Short Flax Fiber–Poly(Lactic Acid) Eco-Composites

In this study, the influence of alkali (NaOH) treatment on the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of eco-composites of short flax fiber/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was investigated. SEM analysis conducted on alkali treated flax fibers showed that the packed structure of the fibrils was deformed by the removal non-cellulosic materials. The fibrils were separated from each other and the surface roughness of the alkali treated flax fibers was improved. The mechanical tests indicated that the modulus of the untreated fiber/PLA composites was higher than that of PLA; on the other hand the modulus of alkali treated flax fiber/PLA was lower than PLA. Thermal properties of the PLA in the treated flax fiber composites were also affected. T_g values of treated flax fiber composites were lowered by nearly 10 °C for 10% NaOH treatment and 15 °C for 30% NaOH treatment. A bimodal melting behavior was observed for treated fiber composites different than both of neat PLA and untreated fiber composites. Furthermore, wide angle X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the crystalline structure of cellulose of flax fibers changed from cellulose-I structure to cellulose-II.     

Effects of gas flaring on blood parameters and respiratory system of laboratory mice, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mus musculus</Emphasis>

In order to evaluate the potential harmful effects of gas flaring on mammals, albino mice, Mus musculus, were exposed to gas flares for 8 weeks under laboratory conditions. The effect of gas flaring on blood parameters includes a reduction in white blood cell counts among mice exposed to 8-h daily of gas flaring when compared to control mice. The red blood cells also showed varied abnormalities such as stacked erythrocytes (rouleaux formation), crenated (spicule) cells and teardrop cells (dacrocytes). The detection of the increasing level of eosinophils in the blood of mice exposed to gas flares was observed to be indicative of a degenerative disease condition and usefulness as a good marker of pollution for monitoring, and early detection of adverse effects of gas flares was recommended. Histopathological examination of the lungs of exposed mice revealed distortions in the segmental bronchus and alveoli of the respiratory organ, with interspersed brown pigments and polymorphonuclear cells, which were absent in the controls. The environmental implications including the health hazards posed by the exposure of mammals to gas flares in crude oil production areas were discussed.     

Achieving uniform regulation of environmental lead exposure and poisoning in wildlife and humans

Lead from spent ammunition causes preventable lead exposure in wildlife and humans that may ingest it. Nontoxic substitutes for lead ammunition exist but are not adopted widely because of hunter opposition. Other forms of lead exposure in the human environment have been heavily regulated because there is no safe level of exposure. The use of lead ammunition should be regulated similarly to protect wildlife from this common disease.