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101.
ngel Rodriguez Juan M. Manso ngel Aragn Javier J. Gonzalez 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2009,53(11):645-651
Ladle furnace basic slag (LFS) is a by-product of the steelmaking process. It has rarely been recovered in the past and is usually disposed of in landfill sites. Despite containing stable chemical substances of great quality, some of which are potentially hydraulic, its practical applications have been limited. This paper discusses the attractive option of using LFS in the manufacture of masonry mortars for use in the construction industry, which requires an analysis of the principal characteristics of such mortars, i.e. workability and mechanical strength. It reports on a comparative study, using standard commercial admixtures, between conventional masonry mortars and mortars manufactured with LFS as a partial replacement for sand and cement, the results of which imply considerable economic savings in sand and cement, improvements in the properties of the mortars and in overall sustainability, by avoiding disposal and conserving natural resources. 相似文献
102.
Andrew G. Williams J. Les Ternan Andy Elmes Marta Gonzalez del Tanago Raoul Blanco 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1995,37(1-3):333-345
Since the 1950s afforestation of degraded land has been the principal means of combatting erosion in a seasonally arid area of central Spain. In the 1970s tree planting of steep hillsides and gully sides was preceded by bench terracing. Experimental sites have been established to monitor runoff and soil losses under mature Pinus forest, 12-year-old Pinus forest, and Cistus matorral. The experiment is being conducted at three scales: large gully or small watershed (c. 3.5 ha), runoff erosion plot (10–21.5 m2), and rainfall simulation plot (1 m2). Monitoring began in October 1992. Discharge was recorded continuously, while sediment loss and soil moisture content were measured on a storm basis. The paper presents summary data on runoff and soil erosion for the three scales and comments on relationships between land management, site characteristics, and these losses. We stress the crucial role of vegetation and its interrelationship with soil properties such as structure and aggregate stability. Matorral was effective in combatting water and soil loss, but we question the practice of afforesting seasonally arid, steeply sided areas that have highly erodible soils. 相似文献
103.
Biomonitoring with Gammarus pulex at the Meuse (NL), Aller (GER) and Rhine (F) rivers with the online Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gerhardt A Kienle C Allan IJ Greenwood R Guigues N Fouillac AM Mills GA Gonzalez C 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2007,9(9):979-985
Biological early warning systems represent a set of tools that may be able to respond to certain chemical monitoring requirements of recent European legislation, the Water Framework Directive (WFD2000/60/EC), that aims to improve and protect water quality across Europe. In situ biomonitoring was performed along the rivers Meuse (NL), Aller (GER) and Rhine (F) within the frame of the European Union-funded Project SWIFT-WFD. Gammarus pulex was used as a test organism during the evaluation of the Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor(R) (MFB), an online biomonitor to quantitatively record different behaviour patterns of animals. At the river Meuse G. pulex reacted to pulse exposure of either a mixture of trace metals or of several organic xenobiotics, by showing up to 20% decreased locomotory activity (already at the 1st pulse) and increased mortality (at 2nd or 3rd pulse only). G. pulex deployed within the MFB system were observed to survive well at the monitoring station on the Aller (100%) and monitoring did not result in the measurement of chemical irregularities. In contrast, deployment at the monitoring station on the Rhine river demonstrated that the test organism was able to detect chemical irregularities by up to 20% decreased locomotory activity in the animals. The MFB proved to be an alert system for water quality monitoring at sensitive sites and sites with accidental pollution. 相似文献
104.
A method for a photochemically induced mineralization of CCl4 is described in which use is made of reductive radicals. The UVC-photolysis (254 nm) of H2O2 added to aqueous solutions of CCl4 is leading to the homolysis of the oxidant yielding hydroxyl radicals (HO) that subsequently react with added methanol to generate hydroxymethyl radicals (CH2OH). The latter radicals initiate mineralization of CCl4 by reductive C-Cl bond splitting. CHCl3, C2Cl4 and C2Cl6 were found as reaction intermediates, but are quantitatively depleted in a parallel oxidative reaction manifold leading to mineralization. Carbon dioxide radical anion, CO2(-), an intermediate in the mineralization pathway of methanol, is also shown to initiate the mineralization of CCl4 by reductive dechlorination. A reaction mechanism is proposed and validated with computer simulations of all the experimental results. 相似文献
105.
Francesca Romana Grati Denise Molina Gomes Jose Carlos Pinto B. Ferreira Celine Dupont Viola Alesi Laetitia Gouas Nina Horelli-Kuitunen Kwong Wai Choy Sandra García-Herrero Alberto Gonzalez de la Vega Krzysztof Piotrowski Rita Genesio Gloria Queipo Barbara Malvestiti Bérénice Hervé Brigitte Benzacken Antonio Novelli Philippe Vago Kirsi Piippo Tak Yeung Leung Federico Maggi Thibault Quibel Anne Claude Tabet Giuseppe Simoni François Vialard 《黑龙江环境通报》2015,35(8):801-809
106.
Cañaveras JC Cuezva S Sanchez-Moral S Lario J Laiz L Gonzalez JM Saiz-Jimenez C 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2006,93(1):27-32
In this study, we show that moonmilk subaerial speleothems in Altamira Cave (Spain) consist of a network of fiber calcite
crystals and active microbial structures. In Altamira moonmilks, the study of the typology and distribution of fiber crystals,
extracellular polymeric substances, and microorganisms allowed us to define the initial stages of fiber crystal formation
in recent samples as well as the variations in the microstructural arrangement in more evolved stages. Thus, we have been
able to show the existence of a relationship among the different types of fiber crystals and their origins. This allowed us
to outline a model that illustrates the different stages of formation of the moonmilk, developed on different substrata, concluding
that microbes influence physicochemical precipitation, resulting in a variety of fiber crystal morphologies and sizes. 相似文献
107.
The cephalothorax length of the marine pelagic Copepoda Acartia clausi Giesbrecht, Temora longicornis (Müller), Centropages hamatus (Lilljeborg) and Pseudocalanus sp. was monitored at 15°C during prolonged cultivation through up to 55 filial generations and at different concentrations of food. The length of T. longicornis decreased considerably during the first 15 generations and remained rather constant thereafter. In the other species, body length increased slightly or remained almost constant. Genetic changes are probably involved. Food concentration influenced body size of all species, particularly C. hamatus, in which 80% of the natural size range may be explained by differences in food concentration. The idea that temperature is a dominant factor in determining the length of copepods should be reconsidered. 相似文献
108.
Ofelia Gonzalez Andreas Zedrosser Fanie Pelletier Jon E. Swenson Marco Festa-Bianchet 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2012,66(7):1025-1032
Experimental manipulations have revealed positive effects of litter reduction on offspring mass in small mammals, but little is known about this trade-off in large mammals. We examined the determinants of natural litter size variation and quantified the effects of litter size, maternal characteristics, and litter composition on yearling mass using 24?years of data on marked brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Sweden. Infanticide by adult males is a major cause of cub-of-the-year mortality, leading to litter size reductions. Litter size (n?=?265) at den emergence ranged from one to four cubs (average, 2.7) and increased with maternal age. Litter size, however, appeared independent of maternal size, population density, interlitter interval, study area, or previous litter sex ratio. Yearling body mass increased with maternal body size but was independent of litter sex ratio. Litter size and yearling mass were negatively correlated, mostly because singletons were about 30?% heavier than yearlings from litters of two to four cubs. In reduced litters, survivors were on average 8?% heavier as yearlings than individuals from intact litters, suggesting that sibling competition reduces growth. Trade-offs between litter size and yearling mass in bears appear similar in magnitude to those found in small mammals. 相似文献
109.
Altamira Cave contains valuable paleolithic paintings dating back to 15,000 years. The conservation of these unique paintings
is attracting increasing interest, and so, understanding microbial proliferation in Altamira Cave represents a prioritary
objective. Here, we show for the first time that members of the Crenarchaeota were metabolically active components of developing
microbial communities. RNA was extracted directly from the studied environment, and a number of 16S rRNA gene sequences belonging
to the low-temperature Crenarchaeota were detected. Although low-temperature Crenarchaeota detected in a variety of ecosystems
by using molecular techniques remain uncultured, this RNA-based study confirms an active participation of the Crenarchaeota
in cave biogeochemical cycles. 相似文献
110.