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31.
Amy J.R. Hunter Joseph R. Morency Constance L. Senior Steven J. Davis Mark E. Fraser 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(1):111-117
ABSTRACT A new technology for monitoring airborne heavy metals on aerosols and particulates based on spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy (SIBS) was evaluated at a joint U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)/U.S. Department of Energy test at the rotary kiln incinerator simulator (RKIS) facility at EPA/Research Triangle Park, NC, in September 1997. The instrument was configured to measure lead and chromium in a simulated combustion flue gas in real time and in situ at target levels of 15 and 75 u, g/dry standard cubic meters. Actual metal concentrations were measured during the tests using EPA Reference Method (RM) 29. The SIBS technology detected both lead and chromium at the low- and high-level concentrations. Additionally, the hardware performed without failure for more than 100 hr of operation and acquired data for 100% of the RM tests. The chromium data were well correlated with concentration increases resulting from duct operations and pressure fluctuations that are known to entrain dust. 相似文献
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Dubuc C Muniz L Heistermann M Engelhardt A Widdig A 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(8):1615-1627
In mammals, when females are clumped in space, male access to receptive females is usually determined by a dominance hierarchy
based on fighting ability. In polygynandrous primates, as opposed to most mammalian species, the strength of the relationship
between male social status and reproductive success varies greatly. It has been proposed that the degree to which paternity
is determined by male rank decreases with increasing female reproductive synchrony. The priority-of-access model (PoA) predicts
male reproductive success based on female synchrony and male dominance rank. To date, most tests of the PoA using paternity
data involved nonseasonally breeding species. Here, we examine whether the PoA explains the relatively low reproductive skew
in relation to dominance rank reported in the rhesus macaque, a strictly seasonal species. We collected behavioral, genetic,
and hormonal data on one group of the free-ranging population on Cayo Santiago (Puerto Rico) for 2 years. The PoA correctly
predicted the steepness of male reproductive skew, but not its relationship to male dominance: the most successful sire, fathering
one third of the infants, was high but not top ranking. In contrast, mating success was not significantly skewed, suggesting
that other mechanisms than social status contributed to male reproductive success. Dominance may be less important for paternity
in rhesus macaques than in other primate species because it is reached through queuing rather than contest, leading to alpha
males not necessarily being the strongest or most attractive male. More work is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms determining
paternity in rhesus macaques. 相似文献
33.
Russell Jones Constance Travers Charles Rodgers Brian Lazar Eric English Joshua Lipton Jason Vogel Kenneth Strzepek Jeremy Martinich 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2013,18(6):731-758
We estimated the biological and economic impacts of climate change on freshwater fisheries in the United States (U.S.). Changes in stream temperatures, flows, and the spatial extent of suitable thermal habitats for fish guilds were modeled for the coterminous U.S. using a range of projected changes in temperature and precipitation caused by increased greenhouse gases (GHGs). Based on modeled shifts in available thermal habitat for fish guilds, we estimated potential economic impacts associated with changes in freshwater recreational fishing using a national-scale economic model of recreational fishing behavior. In general, the spatial distribution of coldwater fisheries is projected to contract, being replaced by warm/cool water and high-thermally tolerant, lower recreational priority (i.e., “rough”) fisheries. Changes in thermal habitat suitability become more pronounced under higher emissions scenarios and at later time periods. Under the highest GHG emissions scenario, by year 2100 habitat for coldwater fisheries is projected to decline by roughly 50 % and be largely confined to mountainous areas in the western U.S. and very limited areas of New England and the Appalachians. The economic model projects a decline in coldwater fishing days ranging from 1.25 million in 2030 to 6.42 million by 2100 and that the total present value of national economic losses to freshwater recreational fishing from 2009 to 2100 could range from $81 million to $6.4 billion, depending on the emissions scenario and the choice of discount rate. 相似文献
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Borth Priscila Liane Biesdorf Perin Jessica Klarosk Helenas Torrecilhas Arthur Ribeiro Pan Nicole Caldas Kuroda Emília Kiyomi Fernandes Fernando 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(5):1974-1983
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of the addition of garden waste (GW) on the performance of food waste (FW) anaerobic... 相似文献
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