活性粉煤灰增湿脱硫机理及数学模型的研究

在双膜理论和传质理论基础上分析了活性粉煤灰增湿脱硫机理,并建立了简化的脱硫模型,考虑烟气流量和脱硫剂加入量两个脱硫效率的影响因素时,将数学模型的计算值与实验值进行了比较,结果比较吻合。     

均相芬顿氧化技术在废水处理中的应用研究

针对污水处理过程中存在的难降解有机物问题,介绍了芬顿的概念和特点,探讨了均相芬顿氧化在原位产生芬顿试剂的机理及应用.目前均相芬顿氧化技术总体可归纳为超声-芬顿氧化技术、微波-芬顿氧化技术、光-芬顿氧化技术、电-芬顿氧化技术.这些技术的应用能促进有机物的降解,提高芬顿技术的处理效率.通过介绍芬顿氧化技术降解废水中污染物的机理,综述了均相芬顿氧化技术在废水处理中的应用,分析了各种方法的适用范围和优缺点.     

Three-dimensional biogenic C-doped Bi2MoO6/In2O3-ZnO Z-scheme heterojunctions derived from a layered precursor

Novel 3D biogenic C-doped Bi_2 MoO_6/In_2O_3-ZnO Z-scheme heterojunctions were synthesized for the first time, using cotton fiber as template. The as-prepared samples showed excellent adsorption and photodegradation performance toward the hazardous antibiotic doxycycline under simulated sunlight irradiation. The morphology, phase composition and in situ carbon doping could be precisely controlled by adjusting processing parameters. The carbon doping in Bi_2 MoO_6/In_2O_3-ZnO was derived from the cotton template, and the carbon content could be varied in the range 0.9–4.4 wt.% via controlling the heat treatment temperature. The sample with Bi_2 MoO_6/In_2O_3-ZnO molar ratio of 1:2 and carbon content of1.1 wt.% exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity toward doxycycline degradation,which was 3.6 and 4.3 times higher than those of pure Bi_2 MoO_6 and Zn In Al-CLDH(calcined layered double hydroxides), respectively. It is believed that the Z-scheme heterojunction with C-doping, the 3D hierarchically micro–meso–macro porous structure, as well as the high adsorption capacity, contributed significantly to the enhanced photocatalytic activity.     

基于模糊物元模型的西苕溪流域生态系统健康评价

本文借助RS/GIS技术,结合遥感影像数据、环境监测数据和社会经济数据,运用模糊物元模型,从水域、水陆交错带和陆域子系统选取21项评价指标,建立了流域生态系统健康综合评价指标体系,对西苕溪流域生态系统健康状况的空间分布规律和限制性因子进行了探讨.研究结果表明,西苕溪流域生态系统健康整体呈现出优良状态,其中,生态系统健康优秀地区面积占68.2%,良好地区面积占31.8%,能够正常发挥流域服务功能,维持生态系统可持续发展.西苕溪流域生态系统健康在空间分布上呈现出上游好、下游差的局面.在各子系统健康评价中,水域生态系统优于陆域生态系统,水陆交错带生态系统最差.底栖动物完整性遭受破坏、湿地退化、人为干扰活动、水源涵养功能减弱、点源和面源污染负荷较重是限制西苕溪流域部分评价单元生态系统健康的重要因素.     

Path analysis of factors influencing household solid waste generation: a case study of Xiamen Island,China

Comprehensive study of the factors influencing household solid waste (HSW) generation is crucial and fundamental for exploring the generation mechanism and forecasting future dynamics of HSW. A case study of Xiamen Island, China was employed to reveal the direct and indirect effects of demographic/socioeconomic factors on solid waste generation at the urban household scale. Based on a face-to-face questionnaire and two-stage survey of solid waste generation, a path analysis model was built. Results showed that the proposed path model exhibited good fit indices. Family size and dinning-at-home rate (DR), whose coefficients were ?0.40 and 0.43, respectively, were the two major factors influencing HSW directly. Moreover, family size, education level, employment rate and age structure played different degrees of indirect effects on HSW generation through respective paths, which should not be ignored. In terms of total effects, coefficients of family size, DR and employment rate were ?0.46, 0.43 and ?0.37, respectively, which were three most dominant factors influencing HSW generation. As for waste composition, organic waste was the most representative of HSW dynamics, and was the most sensitive to impact by the factors studied. Quantitative results of this study have important policy implications for sustainable municipal solid waste management.     

CO气体激光检测仪中基于FPGA的信号源设计

在激光检测仪的系统设计中,要求信号源四路波形同步异频发生,且有移相、倍频、波形叠加等要求。利用FPGA技术完成满足以上要求的直接数字频率合成器(DDS)的设计。在实现中选用Altera公司的FPGA芯片EP2C8Q208C8为主芯片进行设计,充分利用了该芯片的超大集成性和快速性。在改进的DDS算法结构的基础上,系统的复杂度降低,更趋于模块化,产生的波形频率更准确。     

增强服务意识,创新管理模式,提升PPE信息化管理水平——PPE信息管理系统介绍

本文概括介绍了PPE信息管理系统。该系统是根据国标委和国家安监总局的信息化建设总要求,结合全国个体防护装备(PPE)标委会实际研发的,包括PPE标准化工作管理、标准全程控制、PPE辅助决策3个子系统。该系统打造了PPE标委会的信息化管理平台,满足了标准化工作对信息化管理的需要,提高了信息化管理水平。利用这个平台,标委会能够实现技术培训、信息发布、标准查询、辅助决策等功能,从而全面提升本领域标准化管理水平,促进本行业发展。     

δ13C and fatty acid composition of mesopelagic fishes in the South China Sea and their influence factors

Study of the ecology of mesopelagic fishes is central for assessing the active biological pump in the ocean, especially in the mesopelagic layers. The use of δ¹³C and fatty acid analysis can help to analysis the ecology of mesopelagic fishes. Here, we analysed the fatty acid composition of mesopelagic fishes from the continental northern slope of the South China Sea (NSSCS) and compared with nearshore SCS fishes and mesopelagic fishes collected from the Southern Ocean. The mesopelagic fishes had unusually high lipids, which resulted in Δδ¹³C values exceeding 1‰, more than the enrichment factor in the food web. The mesopelagic fishes had higher C18:1n-9/C18:1n-7 and C20:1n-9/ C18:1n-7 ratios compared with other fishes in the SCS, which confirmed that plankton were their main dietary source. The mesopelagic fishes from SCS and Southern Ocean had different ratios of C20:5n-3/C22:6n-3 (EPA/DHA), suggesting geographical locations and diet sources had obvious influence on their fatty acid composition. The SCS mesopelagic fishes had higher C20:4n-6/C22:6n-3 (ARA/DHA) and C20:4n-6/C20:5n-3 (ARA/EPA) ratios than mesopelagic fishes in the Southern Ocean, indicating the influence of physical factors on fatty acid composition. Thus, future studies of the fatty acids in mesopelagic fishes should consider both dietary sources and physical environments.     

云南粳稻核心种质杂种后代孕穗期耐冷性研究

以236份云南地方粳稻核心种质和云南主栽梗稻Oryza satica品种合系35配制的杂种F5、BC1F4、BC2F3和BC3F2为材料,在昆明自然低温平均17.8℃(冷害)条件下,对亲本及其后代进行孕穗期耐冷性研究.结果表明:①亲本耐冷性状间的相关性明显高于其杂种后代,不同世代间总体趋势为随着回交世代增加其性状间相关性减弱.在亲本及其杂种后代间耐冷指标性状穗颈长、穗下节长、每穗实粒数、每穗秕粒数与结实率均呈较高的(≥0.370)极显著(n=236,R0.01=0.181)相关.②株高、穗颈长、穗下节长等耐冷性状在亲本强弱耐冷系统群间的差异明显,表现为亲本耐冷性强的材料秆和穗较长、穗粒数较多,同一性状变异程度减小.但随着回交代数的增加,这些性状的平均值逐渐趋同于轮回亲本,差异减小.③穗颈长、穗下节长、每穗实粒数、每穗秕粒数与结实率在5个稻作区间的变化规律呈现一致性,亲本和F5的差异较大,而BC2F4、BC2F3和BC3F2的差异较小,且趋同于轮回亲本.通过连续回交,在BC3F1即可获得耐冷性状表现良好的材料.     

Diffusive gradients in thin films using molecularly imprinted polymer binding gels for in situ measurements of antibiotics in urban wastewaters

• Selective molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) binding gel was prepared. • MIP-DGT showed excellent uptake performance for antibiotics. • In situ measurement of antibiotics in wastewaters via MIP-DGT was developed. • The MIP-DGT method was robust, reliable, and highly sensitive. Urban wastewater is one of main sources for the introduction of antibiotics into the environment. Monitoring the concentrations of antibiotics in wastewater is necessary for estimating the amount of antibiotics discharged into the environment through urban wastewater treatment systems. In this study, we report a novel diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) method based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for in situ measurement of two typical antibiotics, fluoroquinolones (FQs) and sulfonamides (SAs) in urban wastewater. MIPs show specific adsorption toward their templates and their structural analogs, resulting in the selective uptake of the two target antibiotics during MIP-DGT deployment. The uptake performance of the MIP-DGTs was evaluated in the laboratory and was relatively independent of solution pH (4.0–9.0), ionic strength (1–750 mmol/L), and dissolved organic matter (DOM, 0–20 mg/L). MIP-DGT samplers were tested in the effluent of an urban wastewater treatment plant for field trials, where three SA (sulfamethoxazole, sulfapyridine, and trimethoprim) and one FQ (ofloxacin) antibiotics were detected, with concentrations ranging from 25.50 to 117.58 ng/L, which are consistent with the results measured by grab sampling. The total removal efficiency of the antibiotics was 80.1% by the treatment plant. This study demonstrates that MIP-DGT is an effective tool for in situ monitoring of trace antibiotics in complex urban wastewaters.