琼州海峡海洋环境现状调查与评价

根据 2 0 0 1年 9月份的调查资料 ,对琼州海峡的海洋环境质量现状进行初步评价。结果表明 ,水质因子全部满足二类海水水质标准 ,大部分满足一类标准 ,沉积物仅有个别样品超标 ,底栖生物残毒量均能满足评价标准。调查海域中北断面质量状况较差 ,南断面次之 ,中间断面最好 ,但整体上琼州海峡的海洋环境状况良好。     

混凝剂的水溶液形态与流动电流的相关特性分析

混凝剂具有多种溶液形态，每种形态对混凝过程的作用不同，因而对流动电流的影响也不同，本通过实验及理论分析，阐述了一般水处理条件下的流动电流检测器（ＳＣＤ）对混凝剂的检测原理，分析了水中混凝剂形态改变过程中流动电流的变化特征，探讨了ＳＣＤ对不同形态混凝剂的响应灵敏度，结果表明，中性条件下铝盐的混凝过程以及三价铁阳离子对流流具有较为灵敏的正增值效果。     

松花江同江断面高锰酸盐指数通量估算与分析

结合松花江同江断面2001-2005年流量和高锰酸盐指数监测数据,选用适当的数学模型对高锰酸盐指数通量进行估算.结果显示,高锰酸盐指数通量与流量变化趋势大体相同,8月份左右达到峰值.同江断面高锰酸盐指数通量与流量呈显著正相关,因此可用同江断面流量及建立的回归方程估计和预测汛期的高锰酸盐指数通量,节省工作量,为同江断面污染物通量估算提供理论基础.     

Vehicle emissions of primary air pollutants from 2009 to 2019 and projection for the 14th Five-Year Plan period in Beijing, China

Over the past decade, the emission standards and fuel standards in Beijing have been upgraded twice, and the vehicle structure has been improved by accelerating the elimination of 2.95 million old vehicles. Through the formulation and implementation of these policies, the emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NO_x), and fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) in 2019 were 147.9, 25.3, 43.4, and 0.91 kton in Beijing, respectively. The emission factor method was adopted to better understand the emissions characteristics of primary air pollutants from combustion engine vehicles and to improve pollution control. In combination with the air quality improvement goals and the status of social and economic development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period in Beijing, different vehicle pollution control scenarios were established, and emissions reductions were projected. The results show that the emissions of four air pollutants (CO, VOCs, NO_x, and PM_2.5) from vehicles in Beijing decreased by an average of 68% in 2019, compared to their levels in 2009. The contribution of NO_x emissions from diesel vehicles increased from 35% in 2009 to 56% in 2019, which indicated that clean and energy-saving diesel vehicle fleets should be further improved. Electric vehicle adoption could be an important measure to reduce pollutant emissions. With the further upgrading of vehicle structure and the adoption of electric vehicles, it is expected that the total emissions of the four vehicle pollutants can be reduced by 20%-41% by the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan period.     

超临界水氧化的技术研究进展

超临界水氧化是利用有机物与超临界反应来破坏有机物结构的一种新型氧化技术.本文介绍了超临界水的特性和超临界水氧化的原理与工艺装置,综述了这一高新技术在对酚、甲胺磷、DDT、硝基苯等有毒有机污染物的处理方面的最新研究成果,且对影响处理效果的各因素(温度、压力、氧化剂浓度、停留时间、有机物初始浓度、pH值)以及催化剂的研究进行了概括,并对这一新型氧化技术的发展前景作了展望.     

极谱催化波法测定痕量亚硝酸根的研究

在含稀硫氰酸盐的底液中 ,在单扫示波极谱仪上 ,有一灵敏的亚硝酸根催化波。峰电位为 -0 .47V( vs·SCE)。阳极化二阶导数峰高与亚硝酸根浓度在 1× 10 - 7～ 5× 10 - 5mol/L 之间成线性关系。检测限达 5× 10 - 5mol/L( 2 .3ppbNO - 2 )。试验了多种共存离子对测定的影响 ,表明该法具有较好的选择性 ,尤其是大量硝酸根不干扰。应用该法测定了许多样品中的亚硝酸根 ,并对该波的机理进行了研究 ,结果证明该波是 [SCN· NO]催化溶液中的溶解氧还原所致     

铬在土壤和地下水中的相互迁移规律及地下水中铬的去除方法

本文以泰安市一处多年前受电镀铬严重污染地区为研究对象,对比研究六价铬在不同岩土中吸附、转化及迁移的特征和规律,铬易在水土共存的含水层中富集,并可转移到地下水中.土壤中三价铬可引起潜在的危害.水体中六价铬在富氧的情况下是稳定的,并能维持一个较长的时期.铁盐是一种较好的除铬剂,可以有效地去除水中六价铬离子,从而提高了地下水的利用价值.     

含硫污水处理系统的清洁生产审核

通过对含硫污水处理系统进行清洁生产审核，实施了11个无低费方案和4个中高费方案，取得良好的环保效益和经济效益，并对该系统的持续清洁生产提出建议和措施。     

Role of interfacial electron transfer reactions on sulfamethoxazole degradation by reduced nontronite activating H2O2

It has been documented that organic contaminants can be degraded by hydroxyl radicals ( • OH) produced by the activation of H₂ O₂ by Fe(II)-bearing clay. However, the interfacial electron transfer reactions between structural Fe(II) and H 2 O 2 for • OH generation and its effects on contaminant remediation are unclear. In this study, we first investigated the relation between • OH generation sites and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation by activating H₂O₂ using nontronite with different reduction extents. SMX (5.2–16.9 μmol/L) degradation first increased and then decreased with an increase in the reduction extent of nontronite from 22% to 62%, while the • OH production increased continually. Passivization treatment of edge sites and structural variation results revealed that interfacial electron transfer reactions between Fe(II) and H 2 O 2 occur at both the edge and basal plane. The enhancement on basal plane interfacial electron transfer reactions in a high reduction extent rNAu-2 leads to the enhancement on utilization efficiencies of structural Fe(II) and H 2 O 2 for • OH generation.However, the • OH produced at the basal planes is less efficient in oxidizing SMX than that of at edge sites. Oxidation of SMX could be sustainable in the H 2 O 2 /rNAu-2 system through chemically reduction. The results of this study show the importance role of • OH generation sites on antibiotic degradation and provide guidance and potential strategies for antibiotic degradation by Fe(II)-bearing clay minerals in H 2 O 2 -based treatments.     

乡村振兴视角下耕地利用转型的时空格局及路径分析——以淮海经济区为例

深刻解读耕地利用转型内涵,基于乡村振兴与耕地利用转型的系统逻辑构建相关评价指标体系,运用探索性空间数据分析（ESDA）和标准差椭圆（SDE）等方法,对2002年、2007年、2012年和2017年淮海经济区耕地利用转型效度进行评测,据此揭示乡村振兴战略背景下耕地利用转型的时空格局及转型路径。结果表明：（1）15年间淮海经济区耕地利用转型呈现整体上升、区域均衡的时空格局。（2）耕地利用转型空间集聚现象明显,南北差异显著。空间转型集聚程度逐渐减弱,功能转型呈现先降低后升高、再降低又趋于平缓的态势。（3）耕地利用转型呈现东北—西南格局,以徐州市为区域重心,在南北方向上持续收缩、东西方向上不断平移,导致转型空间形态呈C状分布;系统要素的交流耦合渐进增长且上升通道具有收缩趋势,最终形成“分散—聚拢—分散—聚拢”重叠形态的转型路径。建议研究区未来发展重点聚焦转型发展内源动力的协调融合,引导耕地利用转型由“C形”扩散转向“O形”收敛的圈层式包容增长格局,并不断提升耕地多功能融合增益的共享程度,将地理系统的均衡机制转化为乡村振兴的现实效能。