一截手指

湖北二汽车厢分厂工具科有个女工违章作业伤了手指。郧阳地区医院的大夫提出要锯掉一截手指。 党委书记芦廷寅考虑到这样会影响她以后的工作和生活,就亲自陪这位女工到第一职工医院,要求医生尽可能保全这根手指。后来,经医生缝合后保全了这根手指。老芦趁热打铁,对那位女工进行教育,讲明不重视安全给国家造成损失,给本人带来痛苦的严重危害,说得那位女工感动地流下了热泪。一截手指@包建威 @张舜贤     

“白色农业”与“三色农业”兴起及中国农业产业化方向

本文从白色农业与三色农业概念入手,阐述了白色农业的创新意义,提出了我国农业产业化的战略构想。     

中国基本农田保护的回顾与展望

本文指出我国基本农田保护的必然性,并就基本农田保护内涵展开探讨。通过回顾建国以来我国农田保护工作进展,分析了当前基本农田保护中的问题,提出了今后我国基本农田保护的工作方向     

剪床防护装置的改进

我厂车身厂剪床上原有的防护装置,系钢管焊制的长方框子,垂直立于工作台面上,距刀刃120毫米由于防护网与剪刀距离的限制,无法剪切100毫米以下的薄板条料。工人为了充分利用边角余料,往往将防护网抬起剪切。这样做,不仅增加了工时,还曾发生多起工伤。针对这一问题,厂安技科组织毛坯车间和机电科的有关同志,对原先的防护装置进行了改造,制成新的防护装置,将防护网向刀刃推进了105毫米,见示意图。改进后的防护装置具有三大优点:一、使用方便,安全可靠。二、节省工时,可以连续剪切一张薄板。三、提高了材料利用率,剪切一张薄板可节省105毫米。剪…     

天山天池景区道路灰尘磁学特性及其环境意义

为验证环境磁学方法监测和预测旅游景区道路灰尘环境的可行性,以新疆天山天池5A级旅游景区内道路灰尘为研究对象,共采集道路灰尘样品40个、道路旁表土样品35个,并对其进行环境磁学分析。结果表明,天山天池道路灰尘磁性主要由亚铁磁性的磁铁矿主导,含有少量不完全反铁磁性矿物,主要以多畴(MD)粗颗粒和稳定单畴(SSD)为主,伴有极少量的超顺磁性颗粒颗粒(SP);景区道路灰尘样品磁性增强与人为交通活动产生的磁性颗粒外源输入密切相关;从道路样品磁性参数的空间分布看,χLF、χARM、SIRM、SOFT的空间变化趋势类似,高值区位于民族文化村和纪念品商店,中值区出现在天山奇石馆,低值区分布在定海神针和秀水山庄。景区不同道路旅游交通的流量和强度是形成磁性特征空间分布格局的主因。研究发现,环境磁学方法基本具有大范围监测景区道路环境质量、圈定潜在污染范围和判别污染物来源的潜力,并能为景区道路交通污染防治提供了参考依据。     

An automated systems for air sampling with annular denuder systems at a remote site

An automated air sampling system has been designed for use with the annular denuder system (ADS). The automated air sampling system allows for accurate measurements of air volume and day-night sampling while preventing the accumulation of moisture within the ADS caused by condensation or cloud events. The sampling system consists of air flow, monitoring and control subsystems. Calibration of the sampling system against a Hoffer turbine flow meter indicated accurate measurement of air flow volumes. Field testing and preliminary data have shown that the sampling system functions well in a remote mountain forest site, and was relatively unaffected by condensation, fog, or cloud events.     

Extrinsic and intrinsic controls of zooplankton diversity in lakes

Pelagic crustacean zooplankton were collected from 336 Norwegian lakes covering a wide range of latitude, altitude, lake area, mean depth, production (as chlorophyll a), and fish community structure. Mean zooplankton species richness during the ice-free season was generally low at high latitudes and altitudes. Further, lower species richness was recorded in western lakes, possibly reflecting constraints on migration and dispersal. However, despite obvious spatial limitations, geographic boundaries were only weak predictors of mean zooplankton richness. Similarly, lake surface area did not contribute positively to mean richness such as seen in other ecosystem surveys. Rather, intrinsic factors such as primary production and fish community (planktivore) structure were identified by regression analysis as the major predictors of zooplankton diversity, while a positive correlation was observed between species richness and total zooplankton biomass. However, in spite of a large number of variables included in this study, the predictive power of multiple regression models was modest (<50% variance explained), pointing to a major role for within-lake properties, as yet unidentified intrinsic forces, stochasticity, or dispersal as constraints on zooplankton diversity in these lakes.     

The fitting of general force-of-infection models to wildlife disease prevalence data

Researchers and wildlife managers increasingly find themselves in situations where they must deal with infectious wildlife diseases such as chronic wasting disease, brucellosis, tuberculosis, and West Nile virus. Managers are often charged with designing and implementing control strategies, and researchers often seek to determine factors that influence and control the disease process. All of these activities require the ability to measure some indication of a disease's foothold in a population and evaluate factors affecting that foothold. The most common type of data available to managers and researchers is apparent prevalence data. Apparent disease prevalence, the proportion of animals in a sample that are positive for the disease, might seem like a natural measure of disease's foothold, but several properties, in particular, its dependency on age structure and the biasing effects of disease-associated mortality, make it less than ideal. In quantitative epidemiology, the "force of infection," or infection hazard, is generally the preferred parameter for measuring a disease's foothold, and it can be viewed as the most appropriate way to "adjust" apparent prevalence for age structure. The typical ecology curriculum includes little exposure to quantitative epidemiological concepts such as cumulative incidence, apparent prevalence, and the force of infection. The goal of this paper is to present these basic epidemiological concepts and resulting models in an ecological context and to illustrate how they can be applied to understand and address basic epidemiological questions. We demonstrate a practical approach to solving the heretofore intractable problem of fitting general force-of-infection models to wildlife prevalence data using a generalized regression approach. We apply the procedures to Mycobacterium bovis (bovine tuberculosis) prevalence in bison (Bison bison) in Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada, and demonstrate strong age dependency in the force of infection as well as an increased mortality hazard in positive animals.     

菌根真菌对芦苇铜吸收及抗铜能力的影响

接种菌根真菌作为重金属污染植物修复生物强化技术之一,已引起研究者的广泛关注。以芦苇(Phragmites australis)-菌根真菌共生系统为研究对象,研究水培条件下,0.02、1、5 mg·L~(-1) Cu胁迫条件下接种摩西管柄囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae)及根内球囊霉(Rhizophagus irregularis)对芦苇铜吸收及抗铜能力的影响。结果表明,芦苇茎叶及根系的生长发育均会受到铜胁迫的抑制,然而与茎叶相比,芦苇根系受到铜胁迫的影响更显著。在铜处理浓度为1 mg·L~(-1)和5 mg·L~(-1)时,与无菌剂组相比,摩西球囊霉接种组的芦苇根系中的SOD活性分别提高了26.25%、42.3%,而根内球囊霉接种组的SOD活性则呈现下降趋势。接种根内球囊霉使芦苇体内的铜浓度升高,在铜处理浓度为1 mg·L~(-1)时其茎叶及根系中的铜浓度比无菌剂组分别高出80.03%、33.6%,而在5 mg·L~(-1)时,则分别高出49.43%、8.53%,增幅较摩西球囊霉接种组显著。本研究证实了菌根真菌可以通过促进芦苇的生长及营养元素的吸收,降低Cu毒害,提高其对Cu的吸收效率,结果可为菌根真菌强化植物修复重金属污染环境提供新的参考。     

FeCI3存在时六六六热解生成PCDD／Fs的研究

在开管体系中，于２８０℃时研究了六六六无效体在Ｆｅ，ＦｅＣＩ３存在时的热解，以及影响热解产物中ＰＣＤＤ／Ｆｓ生成量的因素。ＰＣＤＤ／Ｆｓ的生成主要取决于ＦｅＣＩ３，而Ｆｅ的存在并不增加体系中ＰＣＤＤ／Ｆｓ的生成量。在封管体系中，研究结果表明，ＰＣＤＤ／Ｆｓ的生成量随ＦｅＣＩ３用量、反应时间和反应温度的增加而增加，但温度影响最大。实验还表明，氯苯、氯酚对ＰＣＤＤ／Ｆｓ的生成起决定作用。在２５０－２８