黄河上中游沉积物理化特征及磷赋存形态研究

对黄河上中游10个沉积物样品进行了理化性质及磷赋存形态分析,在此基础上探讨了沉积物各理化性质与磷赋存形态间的相关关系.结果表明,黄河上中游表层沉积物的总磷含量为97.86～129.33 mg·kg^-1,有机质总量为0.11%～1.96%,沉积物中活性态Fe和Al的含量分别为2.02～7.40 mg·g^-1和0.29～0.90 mg·g^-1;颗粒组成以粉砂级为主,主要矿物组成为石英和长石,粘土矿物以伊利石/蒙混层矿物为主,其次是伊利石、绿泥石和高岭石;磷的形态以无机磷为主,钙结合态P的含量为37.61～64.04 mg·kg^-1,是沉积物中的主要赋存形态.沉积物理化性质中阳离子交换量与沉积物中粘粒和粉砂粒总量表现正相关（R²=0.76）;沉积物的有机质总量与沉积物中的无机磷存在一定的线性关系（R²=0.66）;氧化还原敏感态P和金属(水合)氧化物结合态P含量的总和与活性态Fe和Al的(水合)氧化物的含量总和之间有显著的线性关系（R²=0.80）.     

草浆漂白过程中二恶英类生成机理探讨

本文以氯苯,氯酚,二苯并二恶英和二苯并呋喃为ＰＣＤＤ／ＦＳ前生体,模拟工业草浆漂白条件,探讨了次氯酸盐和氯气漂白苇浆过程中二恶英类的生成机制,研究表明,在苇浆中加入二恶英类前生体加ＤＢＤ／Ｆ,其氯化产物与在木浆中有所区别。在实验条件下,二恶英类的生成量分别为;１５μｇＰＣＤＤＤｓ．ｍｇ＾－１ＤＢＤ,１．５μｇＰＣＤＦｓ．ｍｇ＾－１ＤＢＦ。     

“因地制宜”抓安全“一岗双责”落实处——无锡滨湖区太湖街道向村（社区）党支书下任务书

“安全责任,重于泰山”,进入2008年,无锡市滨湖区太湖街道党工委、办事处就按照往年惯例,召开新年第一个大会一街道安全生产工作会议,“早”字当头,“安”字为先,争主动,抢时机,及早部署安全工作。街道全体领导、各村（社区）书记、主任、企事业单位主要负责人、各机关部门主要负责人150余人参加了此次大会。     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in farmed and wild salmon marketed in the Northeastern United States

Recently, we reported on the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from Maine, eastern Canada, and Norway, and wild Alaskan Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). In this paper, we extend the analysis to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in these samples. Total PBDE concentrations in the farmed salmon (0.4-1.4ng/g, wet weight, ww) were not significantly different from those in the wild Alaskan Chinook samples (0.4-1.2ng/g, ww), nor were significant differences found among regions. However, significant intra-regional variations in concentrations of total PBDEs and tetra-BDE 47 were observed in the salmon from the Canadian farms (p<0.01). Congener profiles were dominated by BDE-47, followed by the penta-BDEs 99 and 100. PBDE concentrations in the Canadian samples were lower than those reported two years earlier. Removal of skin resulted in no overall reduction in PBDE concentrations in our farmed salmon, and in some cases, PBDE concentrations were higher in skin-off samples. PBDEs were correlated with lipids only in the skinned samples, suggesting that there is greater accumulation and retention of PBDEs in muscle lipids than in skin-associated fat. In skin-on samples, modest correlations were observed between concentrations of PBDEs and PCBs (R(2)=0.47) and mono-ortho PCBs (R(2)=0.50), whereas PBDEs were not correlated with non-ortho PCBs.     

长白山自然保护区生物多样性旅游价值评估研究

在野外调查的基础上,采用费用支出法、旅行费用法（ＴＣＭ）及条件价值法（ＣＶＭ）对长白山自然保护区生物多样性旅游价值进行了评估。旅游价值估算为游客的旅行费用支出、消费者剩余、时间价值和其他花费之和。计算消费者剩余使用了国外流行的ＴＣＭ技术,通过全国地理小区划分和３１３１位游客的现场抽样调查,计算出游客出发小区的旅游率,建立了旅游率与人口、收入、旅行费用及旅行时间等因变量之间的回归模型和“供给-需求曲线”,求出全体游客的消费者剩余。计算结果表明,１９９６年长白山保护区生物多样性旅游价值为４３２０５万元,其中国内旅游价值１３７８３万元,国外旅游价值２９４２２万元。     

佛山市发展公交车尾气削减潜力分析

采用COPERTⅣ模型计算佛山市公交车、摩托车和小型客车排放因子,结合保有量、年平均行驶里程计算其排放量,对佛山市公交车出行环境效果及尾气削减潜力进行情景分析。结果表明:2011年佛山市公交车CO、VOC、NOx和PM的排放量为804.57、283.85、3 365.32和73.00 t。单人单次公交车出行CO和VOC的排放量较摩托车和小型客车低,但NOx则较高。公交车载客人数从17人上升至25、35、45人,单人单次出行每公里排放量分别下降32.00%、51.43%和57.50%。佛山市低排放标准的柴油公交车全部更换成国Ⅳ排放标准柴油车,CO、VOC、NOx和PM的年排放量分别削减611.66、151.6、1 231.18和58.39 t。EEV标准天然气公交车替代柴油公交车可减少NOx和PM的排放,但对VOC的削减并无优势。佛山市现有柴油公交车更换成EEV标准天然气公交车,CO、NOx和PM的年排放量分别削减293.71 t、2 086.87 t和70.34 t,但VOC的年排放量升高228.01 t。     

Occupational accidents with ladders in Spain: Risk factors

Introduction

Occupational accidents suffered by workers in Spain when using ladders were analyzed over a six year period from 2003-2008, during which the total of notified ladder-related accidents amounted to 21,725. Method: Different accident-related factors were identified for the purpose of developing a pattern of those factors that had the greatest influence on the seriousness and the fatality of such accidents. Thus, a series of variables were examined such as age and length of service of the injured worker, firm size, the work sector, the injury suffered, and the part of the body that was injured. Since falls is the most frequent and most serious of ladder related occupational accidents, a special analysis of falls was performed. Results: The findings showed that the seriousness of ladder-related accidents increased with the age of the injured worker. Likewise, accidents at places other than the usual workplace were more serious and registered higher fatalities than those that occurred at the usual place of work. Conclusions: The analysis of falls from ladders established that accidents in smaller-sized firms were of greater seriousness and involved more fatalities than those in larger-sized firms. The investigation also underlined the need for stricter compliance with preliminary safety assessments when working with ladders.     

多情景模拟下的新疆生态系统服务价值评估

研究多情景下的新疆土地利用变化及生态系统服务价值（ESV）,探讨区域内最优的土地利用分布格局,对干旱区的可持续发展与土地利用规划具有重要意义。该研究耦合多目标优化和斑块生成土地利用模拟(PLUS)模型对自然发展情景、经济发展情景、生态优先情景、可持续发展情景4种情景下的土地利用需求及空间分布进行预测模拟,采用价值当量法计算新疆未来情景下的生态系统服务价值。结果表明：（1）2000-2020年,新疆土地利用类型以荒地为主,土地利用变化主要表现为耕地的增加和荒地的减少。2035年4种情景下的土地利用变化不同,空间模拟结果整体上扩张趋势一致,局部变化明显。（2）利用PLUS模型对新疆的土地利用变化模拟效果较好,Kappa系数均值达到0.899 1,总体精度均值达到0.954 8,可以有效模拟新疆2035年的土地利用空间格局。（3）2035年自然发展、经济发展、生态优先、可持续发展情景下的ESV分别为18 717.25、17 816.36、19 221.52、18 134.45亿元。加强草地、水域、林地、湿地等生态用地的保护,有利于提高ESV价值总量。可持续发展情景可作为兼顾生态保护和经济发展...     

洪泽湖溶解态有机质与重金属汞的结合特性

水体中溶解态有机质(DOM)能够与重金属络合形成复合化合物,进而影响水环境中重金属的迁移转化、生物可利用性和毒性.通过荧光光谱结合不同的光谱分析方法研究了洪泽湖不同季节水体DOM与重金属汞(Hg)的结合特性.结果表明,春季DOM以类蛋白质为主,秋季则以类腐殖质为主,洪泽湖秋、冬季蓄水导致DOM性质存在显著差异.同步荧光光谱结合二维相关光谱分析结果表明,洪泽湖春季DOM与Hg(Ⅱ)的结合强度依次为：360～425 nm>290 nm>300～350 nm,秋季DOM与Hg(Ⅱ)的结合强度依次为：290 nm>315～355 nm>365～380 nm>380～465 nm.三维荧光光谱和荧光淬灭实验表明,洪泽湖水体DOM的5种荧光组分均与Hg(Ⅱ)有不同程度地络合.Ryan-Weber模型拟合结果进一步表明,春季DOM类腐殖质组分与Hg(Ⅱ)结合能力强于类蛋白质,秋季则是类蛋白质组分的结合能力强于类腐殖质.总体而言,洪泽湖秋、冬季蓄水能够显著改变DOM的性质,从而影响DOM与重金属Hg(Ⅱ)的结合特性,可能会增强洪泽湖水体中Hg的生物可利用性和毒性.