六六六热解废渣提取物对家兔皮肤的毒性

使用六六六热解废渣提取物对家兔进行了皮肤毒性试验。家兔皮肤经涂布提取物后,在涂布处及其他部位引起常有丘疹和小脓疱特征的痤疮型皮炎,与六六六热解生产多氯苯时暴露于其废渣烟尘中的工人所患氯疮相似。分析证明废渣中含有大量PCDDs和PCDFs,显然这是家兔皮肤反应和工人皮肤疾患的原因。引起家兔皮肤反应的最小涂布剂量为55μg混合物质,其中含2,3,7,8-TCDD约0.003μg。     

微生物絮凝剂在水处理中的应用

系统介绍了微生物絮凝剂的特性、絮凝机理及影响絮凝效果的因素,列举并分析了微生物絮凝剂的应用实例。微生物絮凝剂具有安全、高效、不污染环境等特点。产生絮凝剂的微生物种类多,生长快,易于实现产业化,因而微生物絮凝剂正日益受到人们的重视。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法分析蔬菜中6种磺胺类抗生素

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱同时测定蔬菜中6种磺胺类抗生素的分析方法.以每克蔬菜(干样)加5ml乙腈(添加2g无水硫酸钠、0.1g乙酸钠、O.1gNa2EDTA)超声提取25min,采用正己烷液-液萃取去脂,C18柱净化富集.以磷酸(0.01mol·1-1,pH2.5):乙腈=80:20(V:V)溶液作为流动相,检测波长为270nm.蔬菜样品中6种磺胺类抗生素的回收率为50.8%-98.9%,定量限为21.9-72.8μg·k-1.利用该方法对不同蔬菜样品进行了分析,6种磺胺类抗生素均不同程度被检出,总含量在0.38-2.24 mg.kg-1(鲜重)之间.     

压力机脚踏式防护装置

我厂车身厂160吨至1,000吨压力机,过去使用需要有一名工人专门操纵电钮。但因压力机工作台面长、工位多,看电钮者只能看到压力机一侧的工人操作情况,另一侧的工人操作情况,则由于滑块和冲模遮挡视线,往往看不清,曾多次发生事故。 为了保障工人的安全,该厂自行设计了一种脚踏式防护装置(如图1),在压力机前后各装两套(如图2),用螺钉固定在底座上,把行程开关的电源串在滑块行程电路上,踏杆长度短于工作台1,000毫米、离地100毫米左右,与地面平行。安装这种防护装置后,不再要专人按电钮了,当发现不安全因素时,每个操作工人都可脚踩踏杆,立即停止…     

The monoculture vs. rotation strategies in forestry: formalization and prediction by means of Markov-chain modelling

The monoculture strategy of forest management, where the same tree species (e.g., Picea abies) is cultivated in a number of successive planting-growing-felling cycles, is generally considered to be economically efficient, yet not sustainable as it reduces biodiversity in the forest. The sound alternative suggests a long-term strategy of forest management in which different forest types rotate either with planting after clear cutting, or by natural forest succession, yet the commercial output remains dubious. We suggest an approach to formalization and modelling forest dynamics in the long-term by means of Markov chains, the monoculture strategy resulting in an absorbing chain and the rotation one in a regular chain. The approach is illustrated with a case study of Russkii Les, a managed forest located in the Moscow Region, Russia, and the nearby forest reserve having been used as a data source for undisturbed forest dynamics. Starting with conceptual schemes of transitions among certain forest types (states of the chain) in the monoculture and rotation cases, we estimated the transition probabilities by an original method based on average duration of the corresponding states and on the likelihood of alternative transitions from a state into the next one. Formal analysis of the regular chain reveals an opportunity to achieve particular management objectives within the rotation strategy, in particular, to get the distribution of forest types in accordance with an adopted hierarchy of their commercial values, i.e. more valuable types have greater shares.     

开创“白色农业”推动农业产业革命

21世纪,我国农业革命道路是实现农业的三个战略调整和大力发展白色农业。