基于本质安全的化工园区环境风险控制研究

本质安全方法强调从源头上消除或减小系统中的危险。在分析化工园区环境风险特点的基础上,应用本质安全原理,从人、机、环境、管理几个方面对化工园区环境风险的控制进行了研究。     

活性炭纤维及其在环境保护领域中的应用

活性炭纤维 (ACF)是一种新型高效吸附剂 ,与颗粒活性炭 (GAC)相比 ,它具有比表面积大 ,吸附速度快 ,吸附容量大等等特点。本文介绍了活性炭纤维的主要性能和它在环境领域中的应用研究。     

Effect of culture conditions on the formation of struvite by Myxococcus xanthus

The amount of struvite (MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O) produced by Myxococcus xanthus as well as the culture parameter values (pH, total phosphorus, total Kjeldahl nitrogen) were dependent on the culture medium used. Struvite formation started during the exponential phase and the maximum concentration was observed at the beginning of stationary growth phase. The addition of each medium component to the liquid culture influenced the amount of crystal produced. This amount did not depend on the pH increase during the culture period. The moment of the bacterial growth phase, at which each medium component was added, influenced the struvite formation.     

稳健GM(1,1)模型及其预测应用

本文提出了稳健GM(1,1)灰色模型,并用该模型建立了山东省工业固体废物产生量数学模型,结果表明,稳健GM(1,1)模型比通常的GM(1,1)模型更具预测应用价值.     

降水中汞及其它元素来源的识别分析

在北京市不同地点采集４６ 个降水样品,测定了其中汞和其它元素的含量,通过主成分因子分析进行来源识别分析． 结果表明,降水中元素主要来源于燃煤、扬尘、燃油和特殊污染源．降水中汞（Ｈｇ）可能主要是土壤中汞挥发到大气中,经氧化后随降水降到地面．     

Immunotoxic effects of organotin compounds in Tapes philippinarum

One of the most harmful groups of coastal pollutants is the organotin compounds (OTCs) which have severe effects on both aquatic organisms and mammals including humans. The immunotoxic effects of OTCs were studied in the cultivated clam Tapes philippinarum by determining the immunosuppressant role on in vitro yeast phagocytosis at low doses (0.01, 0.05, 0.1 μM). The phagocytic index was significantly reduced in an irreversible non-lethal manner depending on concentration and lipophilic affinity. The order of inhibition was TBT≥DBT>MBT for butyltins and TPTC>TPTA≥TPTH for triphenyltins.     

水产养殖自身污染及其生物修复技术

介绍了生物修复的概念、水产养殖存在的自身污染问题及其主要生物修复技术.营养物污染、药物污染和底泥富集污染是水产养殖存在的主要自身污染问题;微生物修复、水生植物修复和水生动物修复是污染养殖水域生物修复的3种主要形式;微生物的有效性、生物入侵、二次污染、修复生物的季节性和非水生植物的利用等方面是实施生物修复应注意的主要方面.最后指出,推行清洁生产、实行生态养殖是水产养殖业可持续发展的出路.     

Quantitative Ethnobotany in an Atlantic Forest Fragment of Northeastern Brazil – Implications to Conservation

Two new methods for assessing temporal trends in stream-solute concentrations at specific streamflow ranges were applied to long (40 to 50-year) but sparse (bi-weekly to quarterly sampling) stream-water quality data collected at three forested mesoscale basins along an atmospheric deposition gradient in the northeastern United States (one in north-central Pennsylvania, one in southeastern New York, and one in eastern Maine). The three data sets span the period since the implementation of the Clean Air Act in 1970 and its subsequent amendments.Declining sulfate (O ₄ ^2-) trends since the mid 1960s were identified for all 3 rivers by one or more of the 4 methods of trend detection used. Flow-specific trends were assessed by segmenting the data sets into 3-year and 6-year blocks, then determining concentration-discharge relationships for each block. Declining sulfate (O ₄ ^2-) trends at median flow were similar to trends determined using a Seasonal Kendall Tau test and Sen slope estimator. The trend of declining O ₄ ^2- concentrations differed at high, median and low flow since the mid 1980s at YWC and NR, and at high and low flow at WR, but the trends leveled or reversed at high flow from 1999 through 2002. Trends for the period of record at high flows were similar to medium- and low-flow trends for Ca²⁺+ Mg²⁺ concentrations at WR, non-significant at YWC, and were more negative at low flow than at high flow at NR; trends in nitrate (NO₃ ^-), and alkalinity (ALK) concentrations were different at different flow conditions, and in ways that are consistent with the hydrology and deposition history at each watershed. Quarterly sampling is adequate for assessing average-flow trends in the chemical parameters assessed over long time periods (∼decades). However, with even a modest effort at sampling a range of flow conditions within each year, trends at specified flows for constituents with strong concentration-discharge relationships can be evaluated and may allow early detection of ecosystem response to climate change and pollution management strategies.     

加油站火灾爆炸危险指数评价

采用美国道化学公司火灾、爆炸危险指数法对某加油站的单个汽油储罐进行了火灾、爆炸危险指数(FEI)评价及安全措施补偿分析.比较了二者的危害等级,结果表明经安全措施补偿,汽油储罐的安全水平得到很大提高.     

厌氧过程在厌氧－好氧工艺处理染料工业废水中的作用

采用厌氧－好氧工艺处理一种染料工业废水,在进水COD为1200mg／L,色度为500倍时,厌氧段有机负荷(COD)小于5．3kg／(m-3·d),水力停留时间6～10h,好氧段水力停留时间6．5h的条件下,出水COD＜200mg／L,色度＜50倍,达到了排放标准。同时,还着重讨论了厌氧段在去除COD、色度以及提高废水在好氧条件下的可生化性方面的独特作用。