载银TiO2催化剂的制备与性能研究

本文是采用负载金属银对TiO2改性后得到了载银TiO2,利用不同反应时间的胭脂红降解率反映光催化氧化反应的速率,结果表明,载银TiO2比TiO2的催化反应速率提高了3倍.通过实验确定最佳含银量和催化剂最佳投加量,并讨论了载银TiO2的催化机理,提出了制取载银TiO2催化剂的方法.     

高校实验室废水的调查评价及清洁生产管理

本文通过对四川大学教学计划中实验课程及其排放废水中一类污染物和选课人数的统计,对实验室废水排放情况进行了统计分析评价,找出了主要污染物.并提出了将清洁生产模式运用于实验室废水管理的思路.     

废水资源化是解决水资源紧缺的有效途径

我国水资源人均占有量少,污染严重,综合利用程度低,水资源的短缺已成为制约区域经济社会发展重要因素。本文结合实例分析,提出了提高水资源的综合利用程度,推行废水资源化是解决这一问题的有效途径。     

辽东半岛海域鱼贝中有机氯农药残留及其风险评估

2011年1月-2012年5月间采集了辽东半岛海域11种鱼类和2种贝类样品,分析了其可食部位中22种有机氯农药的残留量,评估了其中DDTs和HCHs的残留对人体健康的风险。在所调查样品中HCB、HCHs和DDTs是主要的污染物,样品中OCPs残留量为57.12~546.15μg·kg-1。利用污染指数计算法评估,旅顺海域小黄鱼、鳙鱼、中国斗鱼和偏口鱼未受到HCHs的污染,棒花鱼受到HCHs轻度污染,其它鱼种样品均受到重度污染,而对于DDTs,只有鲫鱼未受到污染,其它鱼种样品均受到重度污染。大黄鱼、梭鱼、黑鱼和鳙鱼体内HCHs残留量明显高于国标再残留限值,DDTs残留量符合国标标准。α-HCH、γ-HCH、β-HCH、p,p'-DDE、p,p'-DDD和p,p'-DDT的致癌风险指数范围为0.32×10-6~49.57×10-6,均低于10-4,为可接受的致癌风险;α-HCH、γ-HCH、β-HCH、p,p'-DDE的接触风险指数ERI为0.01×10-3~153.28×10-3,均小于1,为可接受的接触风险,但2012年4月的黑鱼样品上述六种农药的CRI总值高于10-4,存在潜在的致癌风险,因此,建议黑鱼的日均食用量应控制在50 g以下较为安全。     

Full-scale study of removal effect on Cyclops of zooplankton with chlorine dioxide

Cyclops of zooplankton propagated excessively in eutrophic water body and could not be effectively inactivated by the conventional disinfections process like chlorination due to its stronger resistance to oxidation. In this paper, a full-scale study of chlorine dioxide preoxidation cooperating with routine clarification process for Cyclops removal was conducted in a waterworks. The experimental results were compared with that of the existing prechlorination process in several aspects: including the Cyclops removal efficiencies of water samples taken from the outlets of sedimentation tank and sand filter and the security of drinking water and so on. The results showed that chlorine dioxide might be more effective to inactivate Cyclops than chlorine and Cyclops could be thoroughly removed from water by pre-dosing chlorine dioxide process. The GC-MS examination and Ames test further showed that the sort and amount of organic substance in the treated water by chlorine dioxide preoxidation were evidently less than that of prechlorination and the mutagenicity of drinking water treated by pre-dosing chlorine dioxide was substantially reduced compared with prechlorination.     

管道交流干扰腐蚀风险识别方法研究

目的 提出一种判别交流干扰腐蚀风险的方法。方法 根据现场测试参数、土壤理化性质参数及室内模拟腐蚀试验,运用灰色关联分析和三角模糊层次分析,将长输油气管道沿线土壤环境和沿线阴极保护状态等因素与交流干扰腐蚀相结合,确定影响交流干扰腐蚀各关键因素的贡献权重。结果 参考现行土壤腐蚀性以及交流干扰评价的标准,将土壤腐蚀性、交流干扰电流密度、防腐层破损面积以及运行年限进行综合考虑,建立了一种融合交流干扰及土壤腐蚀性评价的交流干扰腐蚀风险识别方法。结论 通过现场应用,该方法评价结果与管道内检测结果一致。     

Surfer软件在半封闭海湾环境质量综合评价中的应用研究

在介绍Surfer软件的基本原理的基础上,结合2012年胶州湾39个监测点位的水质数据,说明利用Surfer软件制作主要污染物等值线分布图及水质类别分布图的主要步骤,对水质分布类别和点位水质类别的一致性以及其中需注意的问题进行了探讨。利用Surfer软件制作半封闭海域的环境质量专题图件,水质分布情况更为明晰,可以为环境质量综合评价提供有效依据。     

纳米铁-真养产碱杆菌柱实验去除硝酸盐

建立柱实验装置,探讨了反应柱中填加介质、硝酸盐的初始浓度及不同过水流速时硝酸盐的去除效果及产物的生成情况。4种不同材料,纳米铁、真养产碱杆菌、纳米铁与真养产碱杆菌简单混合体、纳米铁与真养产碱杆菌驯化培养5 d的复合体,分别与初始浓度为65 mg/L硝酸盐溶液反应。结果表明,经培养5 d的纳米铁-真养产碱杆菌复合体对硝酸盐的去除效果最佳,去除率可达到75%,且氨氮的生成量仅为2.99 mg/L;硝酸盐初始浓度分别为32、65和95 mg/L时,32mg/L的体系中硝酸盐的降解效果最好,去除率达78.9%且亚硝酸盐及氨氮的生成量分别为2.34 mg/L和2.89 mg/L,均低于另外2组;溶液流速为6.0 cm/h时,经驯化培养的纳米铁-真养产碱杆菌对硝酸盐的去除率达77%,当控制流速降至2.4cm/h时,亚硝酸盐氮的生成量降至0.34 mg/L。     

稀盐酸预处理对稻草厌氧消化的影响

为探明稀酸预处理对稻草厌氧消化的影响,采用不同浓度的稀盐酸溶液对稻草进行了浸泡预处理,并在完全混合厌氧消化条件下,研究了稻草厌氧发酵过程中的产气量、甲烷含量,发酵液中COD、pH值及挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的变化情况.结果表明,增大稀盐酸溶液浓度会提高稻草厌氧消化反应的效果.分别经4%、8%和12%的稀盐酸溶液浸泡预处理...     

Preliminary investigation on cytotoxicity of fluorinated polymer nanoparticles

As well-known persistent organic pollutants(POPs), organofluorine pollutants such as perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) have been proven to be bioaccumulated and harmful to health. However, toxicological assessment of organofluorinated nanoparticles, which have emerged as a novel tool for biomedical and industrial applications, is lacking, to the best of our knowledge. To assess the biological effects and health risk of fluorinated nanoparticles,trifluoroethyl aryl ether-based fluorinated poly(methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles(PTFEPMMA NPs) were synthesized with various fluorine contents(PTFE-PMMA-1 NPs 12.0 wt.%,PTFE-PMMA-2 NPs 6.1 wt.% and PTFE-PMMA-3 NPs 5.0 wt.%), and their cytotoxicity was investigated in this study. The in vitro experimental results indicated that the cytotoxicity of PTFE-PMMA NPs was mild, and was closely related to their fluorine(F) contents and Fcontaining side chains. Specifically, the cytotoxicity of PTFE-PMMA NPs decreased with increasing F content and F-containing side chains. After exposure to PTFE-PMMA NPs at a sublethal dose(50 μg/m L) for 24 hr, the phospholipid bilayer was damaged, accompanied by increasing permeability of the cell membrane. Meanwhile, the intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) occurred, resulting in the increase of DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and cell death. Overall, the PTFE-PMMA NPs were found to be relatively safe compared with typical engineered nanomaterials(ENMs), such as silver nanoparticles and graphene oxide, for biomedical and industrial applications.