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121.
Multiple paternity in<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Rana dalmatina</Emphasis>, a monogamous territorial breeding anuran 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Polyandry and sperm competition in anurans have rarely been documented. We investigated the genetic paternity inferred from allozyme variations in 650 tadpoles from four natural ponds in a territorial breeding anuran, Rana dalmatina. Multiple paternity was demonstrated, although R. dalmatina is regarded as a monogamous species. Polyandrous mating was not a common event, occurring only in 17.9% of clutches, with no significant differences among clutches. The proportions of tadpoles fathered by a second male did not significantly differ among ponds, showing that multipaternity was not restricted to a single site. Such a polyandry may result from synchronous multiple amplexus and should reduce the heterozygote deficit related to the breeding-pond fidelity usually exhibited by most anurans. 相似文献
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Griet Casteleyn Katharine M. Evans Thierry Backeljau Sofie D’hondt Victor A. Chepurnov Koen Sabbe Wim Vyverman 《Marine Biology》2009,156(6):1149-1158
Several marine holoplanktonic organisms show a high degree of geographically structured diversity for which it often remains
unclear to what extent this differentiation is due to the presence of cryptic taxa. For the genetically distinct diatom Pseudo-nitzschia pungens var. pungens, we used six microsatellite markers to investigate the spatial and temporal genetic composition in the heterogeneous Southern
Bight of the North Sea. Although our sampling area (ca. 100 km) comprised water bodies with different environmental conditions
(marine, estuary, saline lake) and different degrees of connectivity (from complete isolation to supposedly free exchange
between environments), no evidence of genetic differentiation was found. Expanding our sampling area (ca. 650 km), suggested
a homogenous population structure over even larger areas in the North Sea. Our results suggest that the population structure
of this diatom is mainly shaped by strong homogenizing effects of gene flow preventing genetic drift, even in water bodies
with limited connectivity.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
127.
Caquet T 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,141(1):54-59
In this study, the value of carbon (delta13C) and nitrogen (delta15N) stable isotope ratios were determined in nymphs of a top-predator, the common backswimmer (Notonecta glauca L.), collected in 18 m3 outdoor freshwater mesocosms used to assess the fate and ecotoxicological effects of a diphenyl ether herbicide, fomesafen, applied alone or in combination with Agral 90 (mixture of polyethoxylated derivatives of nonylphenol). Both treatments had a negative effect on delta13C values which may reflect changes in carbon fluxes across food webs in the treated ponds associated with a shift in phytoplankton structure. A decrease in delta15N values was observed in the nymphs collected in mixture-treated ponds, which was presumably due to an increase in the abundance of rotifers and Chironominae larvae in these ponds. These preliminary results indicate that stable isotope ratios may be used as shortcuts to detect qualitative or quantitative shifts in the structure of aquatic food webs caused by pollutants. 相似文献
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Mohamed Batal Isabelle Boudry Cécile Cléry-Barraud Stéphane Mouret Thierry Douki 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(2):260-276
Sulphur mustard (SM) is known as an efficient vesicating agent as well as a carcinogenic chemical. This warfare agent remains a threat for both civilians and militaries. DNA alkylation is one of the critical molecular pathways at the origin of the symptoms associated with SM exposure. SM forms monoadducts with guanine and adenine as well as a biadduct between two guanine bases. The aim of the present work is to determine the relative yields of these three lesions in DNA samples after SM exposure without using radiolabeled SM as in earlier works. For this purpose, we have developed a high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric method to simultaneously quantify the SM monoadducts and biadduct in the same DNA sample. We observed in isolated and cellular DNA that the guanine monoadduct was the predominant lesion, while the biadduct was present in twofold lower yield. The adenine monoadduct was generated in lowest amounts. The analytical approach was extended to 2?chloroethyl ethyl sulphide, a widely used SM analog. Again, the adenine adduct was much less frequent than the guanine derivative. The developed assay will allow performing studies involving large numbers of samples. 相似文献
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Christel Thauvin-Robinet Thierry Rousseau Nicole Laurent Christine Durand Catherine Maingueneau Valérie Cormier-Daire Paul Sagot Laurence Faivre Annie Nivelon-Chevallier 《黑龙江环境通报》2002,22(8):710-714
We report here the fourth case of hypomandibular faciocranial dysostosis (HFD). The diagnosis was made at birth on the association of severe retrognathia, microstomia, severe hypoglossia with glossoptosis, persistent buccopharyngeal membrane, median cleft palate, bifid uvula, down-slanting palpebral fissures, short nose with anteverted nares, laryngeal hypoplasia, and low-set ears. A severe microstomia and micrognathia were detected by ultrasound at 31 weeks of gestation. Interestingly, even though the present case exhibits many facial dysmorphic features characteristic of HFD, craniosynostosis was absent. This report suggests that craniosynostosis is not mandatory for the diagnosis of this condition. Furthermore, we present a new argument for an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance for HFD. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
130.
To obtain data concerning the risk of leaching of acetochlor (2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-ethyl-N-ethoxymethyl-acetanilide) and its major metabolites, ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) and oxanilic acid (OA), to ground water, we studied the fate of these products in two different soil types (luvisol and calcisol) under the same weather conditions. The metabolites were detected in the soils as early as 7 d after application, indicating a rapid onset of acetochlor degradation. Ethanesulfonic acid was predominant over OA in the calcisol, regardless of time or depth, whereas the ESA to OA ratio varied with both time and depth in the luvisol. The maximum depths at which they were detected were 60 to 70 and 10 to 20 cm for ESA and OA, respectively, in the luvisol, and 60 to 70 cm (maximum depth sampled) and 30 to 40 cm for ESA and OA, respectively, in the calcisol. Acetochlor was still detected in the surface layer of the two soils 344 d after its application, although the molecule was partially leached. The maximum depths at which acetochlor was detected (60-70 cm in the luvisol and 50-60 cm [maximum depth sampled] in the calcisol) were recorded during the first sampling 7 d after application. Acetochlor was not detected on later dates below the 30- to 40-cm layer in the calcisol or the 5- to 10-cm layer in the luvisol. The greater preferential flow in the luvisol, which would have favored leaching, might partially explain why the mass balances done 7 d after application were lower in the luvisol (approximately 26%) than in the calcisol (approximately 45%). 相似文献