应用计算机评价铁灭克农药对地下水污染的影响

研究了铁灭克农药(Aldicarb)对地下水污染的影响,同时用美国环保局提供的PRZM模型进行模拟.结果表明,田间试验的实测值与PRZM的模拟值吻合良好.在本试验条件下,棉田使用铁灭克对地下水无污染影响.研究表明,PRZM模型可以用来模拟铁灭克农药在其它平原地区使用时对地下水的影响。     

Sampling and determination of carbonyls in stack gas

Ｓｏｍｅａｌｄｅｈｙｄｅｓａｎｄｋｅｔｏｎｅｓａｒｅｔｏｘｉｃａｎｄｃａｒｃｉｎｏｇｅｎｉｃ．Ｔｏｔｈｅｐｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｆａｌｄｅｈｙｄｅｓａｎｄｋｅｔｏｎｅｓ，ａｇｒｅａｔａｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎｐａｉｄａｌｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ．Ｔｈｅ...     

台湾中油公司的环保现状

通过对台湾中油公司的参观和技术交流，介绍了中油公司在石油化工污水的处理技术、废气治理技术、环境监测和环境管理等方面的情况及值得我们学习借鉴之处。     

Observation-based sources evolution of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in a megacity of China

Both concentrations and emissions of many air pollutants have been decreasing due to implement of control measures in China, in contrast to the fact that an increase in emissions of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) has been reported. This study employed seven years continuous NMHCs measurements and the related activities data of Shanghai, a megacity in China, to explore evolution of emissions and effectiveness of air pollution control measures. The mixing ratio of NMHCs showed no statistical interannual changes, of which their compositions exhibited marked changes. This resulted in a decreasing trend of ozone formation potential by 3.8%/year (p < 0.05, the same below), which should be beneficial to ozone pollution mitigation as its production in Shanghai is in the NMHCs-limited regime. Observed alkanes, aromatics and acetylene changed by +3.7%/year, -5.9%/year and -7.4%/year, respectively, and alkenes showed no apparent trend. NMHCs sources were apportioned by a positive matrix factorization model. Accordingly, vehicular emissions (-5.9%/year) and petrochemical industry emissions (-7.1%/year) decreased significantly, but the decrease slowed down; significant reduction in solvent usage (-9.0%/year) appeared after 2010; however, emissions of natural gas (+12.6%/year) and fuel evaporation (with an increasing fraction) became more important. The inconsistency between observations and inventories was found in interannual trend and speciation as well as source contributions, emphasizing the need for further validation in NMHCs emission inventory. Our study confirms the effectiveness of measures targeting mobile and centralized emissions from industrial sources and reveals a need focusing on fugitive emissions, which provided new insights into future air policies in polluted region.     

国外石油勘探开发工业的环境保护

英国，荷兰和挪威的石油勘探开发工业均设有完善的环境管理体系，在生产中严格控制污染排放，对采油废水，废泥浆，岩屑，噪声均有妥善的处理措施，在环境意识，环境管理，清洁生产，污染防治等方面，我国石油勘探一发业与国外发达国家相比仍存在一定差异。     

Acidification and change of physicochemical propertiesof Mt. Heng soils in last 34 years

ＡｃｉｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｃｈａｎｇｅｏｆｐｈｙｓｉｃｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆＭｔ．Ｈｅｎｇｓｏｉｌｓｉｎｌａｓｔ３４ｙｅａｒｓＤａｉＺｈａｏｈｕａ；ＬｉｕＹｕｎｘｉａ；ＷａｎｇＸｉｎｇＪｕｎ；ＺｈａｏＤｉａｎｗｕ（Ｒｅｓｅａ...     

有害废物填埋处置前的预处理技术与管理

根据目前上海的经济实力的地质条件，对有害废物的最终处置管理应以管理型填埋为主。作为管型填埋处置的基本前提，有害废物需经无害化、稳定化管理。本文以锌污泥和铬渣进行固化预处理的探索性试验结果，害废物固化技术的可行性，并提出了有关管理方面的措施。     

对影响测定水中矿物油结果相关因素的研究

在紫外分光光度法测定水中矿物油中 ,存在着标准油品、石油醚纯度、石油醚萃取液体积定容等相关因素影响测定结果的准确度。本研究对上述因素进行实验对比 ,明确影响因素 ,提出改进建议     

国内城市有机垃圾热力处理法的技术可行性

对有机垃圾成分,热力特性和焚烧所产生的二次污染的研究,证实了:我国城市有机垃圾热力处理法在技术上是可行的。     

取代芳烃对酵母菌毒性的定量结构－活性相关研究

定量测定了苯胺类、苯甲酸类、卤代苯类、苯腈类、硝基苯类、苯酚类等６类化合物对酵母菌的生长抑制毒性，结果表明化合物的最小产生清晰抑菌圈浓度Ｃ＿（ｍｉｚ）与辛醇－水分配系数及一阶分子连接性价指数有如下关系：ｌｏｇ（１／Ｃ＿（ｍｉｚ））＝０．３８ｌｏｇＫ＿（ｏｗ）＋０．３３￣１Ｘ￣ｖ－０．３８ｒ＝０．９２ｓ＝０．２２ｎ＝７７．在上述６类取代苯类化合物中，它们与酵母菌的反应性大小有如下顺序：卤代苯类≈苯甲酸类＜苯胺类＜苯腈类＜苯酚类＜硝基苯类化合物；用Ｆｒｅｅ－Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ法研究各基团对酵母菌毒性的贡献大小，其顺序为：—Ｂｒ（０．８４）＞—Ｃｌ（０．５４）＞—ＣＨ＿３（０．３９）＞—ＮＯ＿２（０．３５）＞—ＣＯＯＨ（０．１９）≈—ＯＨ（０．１７）≈—ＣＨＯ（０．１７）≈—ＣＮ（０．１４）＞—Ｆ（—０．０３）＞—ＮＨ＿２（—０．０８）．苯胺类、苯腈类、苯酚类、硝基苯类化合物对酵母菌的毒性与化合物的分子连接性指数３Ｘｖ、４Ｘ、３Ｘ有良好的相关性．