不同焚烧温度下开发区污泥焚烧渣分析

在不同焚烧温度条件下采用可控温管式炉焚烧开发区干污泥,对污泥焚烧渣中微观形貌、元素分布、矿物组成以及重金属总量及其形态进行了分析研究。实验结果表明,污泥焚烧渣在焚烧温度为900℃出现明显的结焦现象,在焚烧温度为1 100℃时焚烧渣结焦的微观表面致密。XRD分析发现温度的升高使污泥烧渣中出现NaA lS iO4等性质相当稳定的物质。不同重金属在底渣中的总量分布及其形态特征受焚烧温度的影响程度不同。焚烧温度的提高使污泥中重金属的残渣态比例增高,使污泥焚烧对环境的影响减小。     

脱硫石膏农业利用研究进展与展望

概述火电厂脱硫石膏定义、生产过程和性质。简述了脱离石膏的工业利用，详述了脱离石膏对酸性和碱性土壤改良的现状和机理，并展望了脱硫石膏促进滩涂土植被演替的前景。     

Speciation and quantification of vapor phases in soy biodiesel and waste cooking oil biodiesel

This study characterizes the compositions of two biodiesel vapors, soy biodiesel and waste cooking oil biodiesel, to provide a comprehensive understanding of biodiesels. Vapor phases were sampled by purging oil vapors through thermal desorption tubes which were then analyzed by the thermal desorption/GC/MS system. The results show that the compounds of biodiesel vapors can be divided into four groups. They include methyl esters (the main biodiesel components), oxygenated chemicals, alkanes and alkenes, and aromatics. The first two chemical groups are only found in biodiesel vapors, not in the diesel vapor emissions. The percentages of mean concentrations for methyl esters, oxygenated chemicals, alkanes and alkenes, and aromatics are 66.1%, 22.8%, 4.8% and 6.4%, respectively for soy biodiesel, and 35.8%, 35.9%, 27.9% and 0.3%, respectively for waste cooking oil biodiesel at a temperature of 25 ± 2 °C. These results show that biodiesels have fewer chemicals and lower concentrations in vapor phase than petroleum diesel, and the total emission rates are between one-sixteenth and one-sixth of that of diesel emission, corresponding to fuel evaporative emissions of loading losses of between 106 μg l⁻¹ and 283 μg l⁻¹. Although diesels generate more vapor phase emissions, biodiesels still generate considerable amount of vapor emissions, particularly the emissions from methyl esters and oxygenated chemicals. These two chemical groups are more reactive than alkanes and aromatics. Therefore, speciation and quantification of biodiesel vapor phases are important.     

Enhanced phytoextraction of Pb and other metals from artificially contaminated soils through the combined application of EDTA and EDDS

Chemically enhanced phytoextraction is achieved by the application of chelates to soils. Using pot experiments, the effect of the combined application of EDTA and EDDS on the uptake of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd by Zea mays L. was studied. Among the tested application ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 (EDTA/EDDS), 2:1 of EDTA:EDDS was the most efficient ratio for increasing the concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in the shoots. The combined application of 3.33 mmol kg(-1) soil of EDTA+1.67 mmol kg(-1) soil of EDDS produced 650 mg kg(-1) of Pb in the shoots, which was 2.4 and 5.9 times the concentration of Pb in the shoots treated with 5 mmol kg(-1) of EDTA and EDDS alone, respectively. The total phytoextraction of Pb reached 1710 microg kg(-1) soil, which was 2.1 and 6.1 times the total Pb from 5 mmol kg(-1) EDTA and EDDS alone, respectively. The combined application of EDTA and EDDS also significantly increased the translocation of Pb from the roots to the shoots. The mechanism of enhancing the phytoextraction of Pb by the combined application of EDTA+EDDS did not involve a change in the pH of the soil. The increase in the phytoextraction of Pb by the shoots of Z. mays L. was more pronounced than the increase of Pb in the soil solution with the combined application of EDTA and EDDS. It was thought that the major role of EDDS might be to increase the uptake and translocation of Pb from the roots to the shoots of plants.     

TS-1分子筛催化O_3/H_2O_2氧化乙酸

研究了酸性条件下TS-1分子筛催化O3/H2O2体系（O3/H2O2/TS-1）对降解水中乙酸效率的影响,优化了相关工艺参数,并对其作用机理进行了分析。结果表明,在pH为2.8时,TS-1的加入能显著提高臭氧化的降解效率。优化工艺参数表明,当过氧化氢投加量为3 g/L,TS-1投加量为5 g/L时,O3/H2O2/TS-1体系对乙酸具有较高的降解率,60 min后O3/H2 O2/TS-1体系对乙酸（初始浓度为100 mg/L）的去除率达到了58.7%。当pH为0.8时,O3/H2 O2/TS-1体系对乙酸的去除率仅为19.8%,降解效果较差。定量化计算表明,O3/H2O2和O3/H2O2/TS-1的Rct分别为1.62×10-8和8.67×10-7。通过测定乙酸降解过程水样中过氧化氢和液相臭氧的浓度变化,推测了具体反应机理。由于此体系在酸性条件下对乙酸有较好的降解效果,拓宽了现有O3/H2O2体系的应用范围。     

氧化铁光催化降解活性染料的研究

用NaOH和Fe(NO3)3·9H2O共沉淀法制备Fe2O3的前驱体,分别在350℃,550℃,700℃烧结得到α-Fe2O3催化剂.通过对3种活性染料的降解实验,探讨了光照和光照时间的影响,比较了不同烧结温度下所得催化剂光催化活性的大小,得出350℃烧结的催化剂光催化活性最好.     

亚铁催化声化学降解罗丹明B

比较了不同金属离子对罗丹明B的声化学降解作用,发现超声时加入Fe2 反应速率常数为单独超声波降解时的1.6倍,反应在前5 h内符合假一级动力学.研究了亚铁离子强化声化学对罗丹明B的降解作用,考察了Fe2 用量,溶液初始pH值,曝气,反应温度和超声功率等因素对脱色速率的影响.研究表明,酸性条件有利于染料的脱色;有曝气时的声化学脱色速率常数是单独超声时的6倍;声化学反应的活化能较低,反应在低温就可以进行;超声功率的改变对脱色速率的影响不大.UV-VIS扫描图谱显示,染料在225 nm和256 nm处的紫外吸收明显降低,初步探讨了罗丹明B的降解机理.     

Explosions and deflagration-to-detonation transitions in epoxy propane/air mixtures

The explosion and deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) in epoxy propane (E.P.) vapor/air mixture clouds under weak ignition conditions has been studied in an experimental tube of diameter 199 mm and length 29.6 m. E.P. vapor clouds were formed by injecting liquid E.P. into the experimental tube and evaporating of the fine E.P. droplets. The dimension and the evaporating process of the E.P. droplet were measured and analyzed. The E.P. vapor/air mixture clouds were ignited by an electric spark with an ignition energy of 40 J. The characteristics and the stages of the DDT process in the E.P. vapor/air mixtures have been studied and analyzed. A self-sustained detonation wave formed, as was evident from the existence of a transverse wave and a cellular structure. Moreover, a retonation wave formed during the DDT process in the E.P. vapor/air mixture. The influence of the E.P. vapor concentration on the DDT process has been studied. The minimum E.P. vapor concentration for the occurrence of the DDT in the E.P. vapor/air mixture has been evaluated and the variation of DDT distance with E.P. vapor concentration has been analyzed.     

ABR-生物接触氧化工艺处理城市生活垃圾渗滤液

采用ABR反应器与生物接触氧化法相结合的工艺处理城市生活垃圾渗滤液。运行结果表明:该工艺对COD具有较高的去除率,对水力负荷、容积负荷具有较强的抗冲击能力,在处理垃圾渗滤液方面具有一定的工艺先进性。     

ARC/INFO软件系统在农业土地资源评价中的应用

具有几个土地要素层的综合土地单元制图在土地研究中正在获得日益广泛的应用,它是计算机制图的基础。腾冲农业土地资源评价是在 ARC/INFO 软件系统支持下,在综合土地单元图的基础上进行的。 本研究通过对比,应用了评价模式 TT=V1*(V2+V3+V4)/3*0.01,根据土地对农业利用的适宜程度,将腾冲地区的土地分为四个适宜性等级。