全文获取类型
收费全文 | 211篇 |
免费 | 8篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 21篇 |
废物处理 | 10篇 |
环保管理 | 46篇 |
综合类 | 23篇 |
基础理论 | 65篇 |
污染及防治 | 43篇 |
评价与监测 | 13篇 |
社会与环境 | 2篇 |
灾害及防治 | 2篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 6篇 |
2020年 | 10篇 |
2019年 | 1篇 |
2017年 | 4篇 |
2016年 | 5篇 |
2015年 | 4篇 |
2014年 | 3篇 |
2013年 | 19篇 |
2012年 | 8篇 |
2011年 | 11篇 |
2010年 | 10篇 |
2009年 | 6篇 |
2008年 | 7篇 |
2007年 | 16篇 |
2006年 | 8篇 |
2005年 | 7篇 |
2004年 | 7篇 |
2003年 | 9篇 |
2002年 | 7篇 |
2001年 | 2篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1958年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有225条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Soils provide long-term storage of environmental contaminants, which helps to protect water and air quality and diminishes negative impacts of contaminants on human and ecosystem health. Characterizing solid-phase chemical species in highly complex matrices is essential for developing principles that can be broadly applied to the wide range of notoriously heterogeneous soils occurring at the earth's surface. In the context of historical developments in soil analytical techniques, we describe applications of bulk-sample and spatially resolved synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) for characterizing chemical species of contaminants in soils, and for determining the uniqueness of trace-element reactivity in different soil microsites. Spatially resolved X-ray techniques provide opportunities for following chemical changes within soil microsites that serve as highly localized chemical micro- (or nano-)reactors of unique composition. An example of this microreactor concept is shown for micro-X-ray absorption near edge structure analysis of metal sulfide oxidation in a contaminated soil. One research challenge is to use information and principles developed from microscale soil chemistry for predicting macroscale and field-scale behavior of soil contaminants. 相似文献
42.
James Redfern Marina Ratov Andrew P. Dean James Pritchett Matthieu Grao Joanna Verran Peter Kelly 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(6):128-136
Access to safe drinking water free from microbial pollution is an issue of global concern. The use of photocatalytic thin films in water treatment has focused on titanium dioxide, which requires UV-activation, proving a potential barrier to upscaling and implementation in the real world. Visible-light-activated photocatalytic thin films, such as bismuth oxide, have recently been shown to have antimicrobial properties. However, more understanding of the photocatalytic effect on the microbial population in water is required. Glass beads coated with bismuth oxide were incubated with either Microcystis aeruginosa, Anabaena sp. or free-floating genomic DNA. The presence of bismuth oxide-coated glass beads was able to rapidly stop a population of cyanobacteria from increasing. The coated beads were also able to degrade genomic DNA. Leachate from the beads showed no increase in toxicity against human liver cells. This data demonstrates the efficacy of bismuth oxide-coated glass beads for controlling potentially dangerous cyanobacterial populations, whilst potentially reducing the amount of free-floating genomic DNA (an essential issue in the face of antimicrobial resistance) – all of which should be essential considerations in emerging water treatment technologies. 相似文献
43.
Increasingly intensive strategies to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem function are being deployed in response to global anthropogenic threats, including intentionally introducing and eradicating species via assisted migration, rewilding, biological control, invasive species eradications, and gene drives. These actions are highly contentious because of their potential for unintended consequences. We conducted a global literature review of these conservation actions to quantify how often unintended outcomes occur and to elucidate their underlying causes. To evaluate conservation outcomes, we developed a community assessment framework for systematically mapping the range of possible interaction types for 111 case studies. Applying this tool, we quantified the number of interaction types considered in each study and documented the nature and strength of intended and unintended outcomes. Intended outcomes were reported in 51% of cases, a combination of intended outcomes and unintended outcomes in 26%, and strictly unintended outcomes in 10%. Hence, unintended outcomes were reported in 36% of all cases evaluated. In evaluating overall conservations outcomes (weighing intended vs. unintended effects), some unintended effects were fairly innocuous relative to the conservation objective, whereas others resulted in serious unintended consequences in recipient communities. Studies that assessed a greater number of community interactions with the target species reported unintended outcomes more often, suggesting that unintended consequences may be underreported due to insufficient vetting. Most reported unintended outcomes arose from direct effects (68%) or simple density-mediated or indirect effects (25%) linked to the target species. Only a few documented cases arose from more complex interaction pathways (7%). Therefore, most unintended outcomes involved simple interactions that could be predicted and mitigated through more formal vetting. Our community assessment framework provides a tool for screening future conservation actions by mapping the recipient community interaction web to identify and mitigate unintended outcomes from intentional species introductions and eradications for conservation. 相似文献
44.
Small-mammal seed predation is an important force structuring native-plant communities that may also influence exotic-plant invasions. In the intermountain West, deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) are prominent predators of native-plant seeds, but they avoid consuming seeds of certain widespread invasives like spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa). These mice also consume the biological-control insects Urophora spp. introduced to control C. maculosa, and this food resource substantially increases deer mouse populations. Thus, mice may play an important role in the invasion and management of C. maculosa through food-web interactions. We examined deer mouse seed predation and its effects on seedling emergence and establishment of a dominant native grass, Pseudoroegneria spicata, and forb, Balsamorhiza sagittata, in C. maculosa-invaded grasslands that were treated with herbicide to suppress C. maculosa or left untreated as controls. Deer mice readily took seeds of both native plants but removed 2-20 times more of the larger B. sagittata seeds than the smaller P. spicata seeds. Seed predation reduced emergence and establishment of both species but had greater impacts on B. sagittata. The intensity of seed predation corresponded with annual and seasonal changes in deer mouse abundance, suggesting that abundance largely determined mouse impacts on native-plant seeds. Accordingly, herbicide treatments that reduced mouse abundance by suppressing C. maculosa and its associated biocontrol food subsidies to mice also reduced seed predation and decreased the impact of deer mice on B. sagittata establishment. These results provide evidence that Urophora biocontrol agents may exacerbate the negative effects of C. maculosa on native plants through a form of second-order apparent competition-a biocontrol indirect effect that has not been previously documented. Herbicide suppressed C. maculosa and Urophora, reducing mouse populations and moderating seed predation on native plants, but the herbicide's direct negative effects on native forb seedlings overwhelmed the indirect positive effect of reducing deer mouse seed predation. By manipulating this four-level food chain, we illustrate that host-specific biological control agents may impact nontarget plant species through food-web interactions, and herbicides may influence management outcomes through indirect trophic interactions in addition to their direct effects on plants. 相似文献
45.
Kreutzweiser DP Good KP Chartrand DT Scarr TA Thompson DG 《Journal of environmental quality》2008,37(2):639-646
The systemic insecticide imidacloprid may be applied to deciduous trees for control of the Asian longhorned beetle, an invasive wood-boring insect. Senescent leaves falling from systemically treated trees contain imidacloprid concentrations that could pose a risk to natural decomposer organisms. We examined the effects of foliar imidacloprid concentrations on decomposer organisms by adding leaves from imidacloprid-treated sugar maple trees to aquatic and terrestrial microcosms under controlled laboratory conditions. Imidacloprid in maple leaves at realistic field concentrations (3-11 mg kg(-1)) did not affect survival of aquatic leaf-shredding insects or litter-dwelling earthworms. However, adverse sublethal effects at these concentrations were detected. Feeding rates by aquatic insects and earthworms were reduced, leaf decomposition (mass loss) was decreased, measurable weight losses occurred among earthworms, and aquatic and terrestrial microbial decomposition activity was significantly inhibited. Results of this study suggest that sugar maple trees systemically treated with imidacloprid to control Asian longhorned beetles may yield senescent leaves with residue levels sufficient to reduce natural decomposition processes in aquatic and terrestrial environments through adverse effects on non-target decomposer organisms. 相似文献
46.
以喀斯特小流域为研究尺度,对清镇市王家寨退耕还林(草)示范区内的9个表层岩溶泉进行了一个水文年的系统监测,并借助SPSS统计软件开展了泉点的聚类分析研究,旨在从常规水化学角度为流域退化生态环境的恢复与重建提供科学依据。从结果来看,虽然所有泉点的水化学类型均为HCO3-Ca型,但是根据K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、F-、Cl-、NO3-、HCO3-、SO42-等指标的具体差异,还是可以将9个泉点分为3组:(1)位于流域上游分水岭处的S8、S9泉点,由于远离居民集聚区,受到人类活动的影响程度弱,泉水中EC和各主要离子的质量浓度均很低,[Ca2+]*与[HCO3-]的关系说明泉水流经地区的岩石类型主要为白云岩;(2)位于流域中部的S2、S3、S4、S5、S6和S7泉点,靠近居民点,受到人类活动的影响程度明显增强,泉水中EC和各主要离子的质量浓度也相应增大,[Ca2+]*与[HCO3-]具有与第一组泉水完全不同的特征,表明此组泉水流经地区的岩石类型为白云质灰岩;(3)位于流域下游的S1泉点,处于村寨下游,受到人类活动的影响最大,泉水中EC和各主要离子的质量浓度也很高,[Ca2+]*与[HCO3-]的关系与第二组泉点相似,但是[SO42-]和[F-]远高于前2组泉点,这可能是由于在泉水的运移路径上有富含石膏和氟的岩石存在。 相似文献
47.
Mechanisms of lead, copper, and zinc retention by phosphate rock 总被引:31,自引:0,他引:31
The solid-liquid interface reaction between phosphate rock (PR) and metals (Pb, Cu, and Zn) was studied. Phosphate rock has the highest affinity for Pb, followed by Cu and Zn, with sorption capacities of 138, 114, and 83.2 mmol/kg PR, respectively. In the Pb-Cu-Zn ternary system, competitive metal sorption occurred with sorption capacity reduction of 15.2%, 48.3%, and 75.6% for Pb, Cu, and Zn, respectively compared to the mono-metal systems. A fractional factorial design showed the interfering effect in the order of Pb>Cu>Zn. Desorption of Cu and Zn was sensitive to pH change, increasing with pH decline, whereas Pb desorption was decreased with a strongly acidic TCLP extracting solution (pH = 2.93). The greatest stability of Pb retention by PR can be attributed to the formation of insoluble fluoropyromorphite [Pb(10)(PO(4))(6)F(2)], which was primarily responsible for Pb immobilization (up to 78.3%), with less contribution from the surface adsorption or complexation (21.7%), compared to 74.5% for Cu and 95.7% for Zn. Solution pH reduction during metal retention and flow calorimetry analysis both supported the hypothesis of retention of Pb, Cu, and Zn by surface adsorption or complexation. Flow calorimetry indicated that Pb and Cu adsorption onto PR was exothermic, while Zn sorption was endothermic. Our research demonstrated that PR can effectively remove Pb from solutions, even in the presence of other heavy metals (e.g. Cu, Zn). 相似文献
48.
K. Bruce Jones Daniel T. Heggem Timothy G. Wade Anne C. Neale Donald W. Ebert Maliha S. Nash Megan H. Mehaffey Karl A. Hermann Anthony R. Selle Scott Augustine Iris A. Goodman Joel Pedersen David Bolgrien J. Max Viger Dean Chiang Cindy J. Lin Yehong Zhong Joan Baker Rick D. Van Remortel 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2000,64(1):227-245
The Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) is proposing an ambitious agenda to assess the status of streams and estuaries in a 12-State area of the western United States by the end of 2003. Additionally, EMAP is proposing to access landscape conditions as they relate to stream and estuary conditions across the west. The goal of this landscape project is to develop a landscape model that can be used to identify the relative risks of streams and estuaries to potential declines due to watershed-scale, landscape conditions across the west. To do so, requires an understanding of quantitative relationships between landscape composition and pattern metrics and parameters of stream and estuary conditions. This paper describes a strategic approach for evaluating the degree to which landscape composition and pattern influence stream and estuary condition, and the development and implementation of a spatially-distributed, landscape analysis approach. 相似文献
49.
分别于2013年10月和2014年2月、5月、7月在贵阳市城区3个环境空气质量监测国控点位(南明区市监测站、云岩区黔灵公园马鞍山和观山湖区贵阳一中)进行PM10、PM2.5样品采集,并对10种水溶性离子(SO42-、NO2-、NO3-、NH4+、Cl-、F-、Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+)的含量进行了分析。结果表明,研究时段内,贵阳市3个点位PM10、PM2.5平均质量浓度分别为(64.8±25.5)、(46.6±21.2)μg/m3。其中,云岩区黔灵公园马鞍山点位的颗粒物浓度最低,南明区市监测站点位最高。3个点位PM2.5平均浓度与PM10平均浓度的比值为0.719,表明贵阳市城区PM10中,PM2.5占主导地位。水溶性离子分析显示,SO42-、NO2-、NO3-、NH4+、Cl-、F-、Na+、K+主要分布在PM2.5中,Mg2+、Ca2+主要分布在PM10中。3个点位PM10和PM2.5中的水溶性离子均表现为SO42-、NH4+、Ca2+浓度较大,F-、NO2-较小,表明3个点位的污染源总体相同,且水溶性离子占PM10、PM2.5含量的比例达33.6%~48.1%。贵阳市城区大气中的SO2转化率在5月、7月、10月较高,2月最低,主要是由于5月、7月、10月的高温、高湿、强辐射环境条件促进了SO2向SO42-的转化。阴阳离子平衡分析表明,贵阳市城区PM10、PM2.5呈现出偏碱性的特征。水溶性离子主成分分析表明,贵阳市城区PM10中的水溶性离子主要来源于城市扬尘、生物质燃烧尘、煤烟尘、建筑尘以及二次粒子,PM2.5中水溶性离子的来源与PM10较为相似。 相似文献
50.
W. R. J. Dean S. J. Milton M. A. Du Plessis 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1995,37(1-3):103-110
We used simple questionnaire surveys to obtain rough categorical information on the status of semiarid and arid rangelands in the Karoo, South Africa. We sent questionnaires to extension officers of the Department of Agricultural Development, asking them to rank the condition of the rangeland in their extension districts (usually about 500 farms) on a three- or five-point scale. The questionnaire also sought information on the possible reasons for changes in the condition of the rangelands; vegetation types most at risk on mismanaged rangelands; and changes in the status of plants, birds, and mammals. Extension officers rated 35% of the semiarid rangelands in southwestern South Africa (the Karoo and southern Kalahari Desert) as being in poor condition. There was some congruency between the perceived condition of the agricultural extension district and the percentage that the stocking rate had decreased. Rangeland condition in more arid areas tends to be poor. Stocking rates have decreased disproportionately more in arid areas than in the more mesic areas of southwestern South Africa. Grasses were rated as the most threatened group of plants, and succulents the least threatened group. Overgrazing in the past was considered to be the most important cause of present-day rangeland condition, followed by present overstocking of rangelands. Antelope were considered more threatened by rangeland management than mammalian carnivores. Avian raptors and bustards, gamebirds, and tortoises were all perceived to be threatened by rangeland mismanagement. 相似文献