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21.
22.
Reduction of Cr(VI) by peat and coal humic substances 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Denis?M.?ZhilinEmail author Philippe?Schmitt-Kopplin Irina?V.?Perminova 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2004,2(3):141-145
The reduction of Cr(VI) by humic substances from leonardite and peat was investigated by capillary zone electrophoresis at various pHs. Both humic materials reduced Cr(VI) at pH 5.4, but not at basic pH. The capacity of leonardite humic substances to reduce Cr(VI) was lower than that of peat humic substances. Fe(III) accelerated the reduction of Cr(VI) by peat humic substances, but not by leonardite humic substances. Cr(VI) reduction mechanisms are proposed. The coal humic substances seem more suitable for remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated sites. 相似文献
23.
Larvae of the northern shrimp Pandalus borealis (Krøyer) are pelagic. In the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada, the early stages are found in the upper 25-m of the water column in spring and early summer and are expected to experience a range of water temperatures from as low as 0°C to as high at 6°C. Little is known of the impact of water temperature on metabolic requirements of northern shrimp larvae. In this study, routine respiration (VO2), maximum respiration (electron transport system activity, ETSA) and metabolic scope for growth (MS, ETSA–VO2) of northern shrimp larvae were measured as a function of temperature (3, 5 and 8°C), developmental stage (I–V at 3°C, I–VII at 5°C and 8°C) and growth rate in dry mass. After logarithmic transformation, all three metabolic variables were linearly related to dry mass. The increase in VO2 with body mass was faster at 5°C than at 3 or 8°C, whereas with ETSA this increase was slower. As a result, MS increased more slowly with dry mass at 5°C than at 3 and 8°C. However, MS did not limit growth in this study, since it explained only 39% of the variability in growth. All three metabolic variables as well as growth varied together as a function of temperature and ontogeny. Q10 of all three metabolic variables ranged from 1.6 and 2.2 for stages I–V larvae, except for VO2 at stage I (3.9) and stage III (2.9). 相似文献
24.
Assessing Risks to Biodiversity from Future Landscape Change 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Denis White Priscilla G. Minotti Mary J. Barczak Jean C. Sifneos Kathryn E. Freemark Mary V. Santelmann Carl F. Steinitz A. Ross Kiester & Eric M. Preston 《Conservation biology》1997,11(2):349-360
We examined the impacts of possible future land development patterns on the biodiversity of a landscape. Our landscape data included a remote sensing derived map of the current habitat of the study area and six maps of future habitat distributions resulting from different land development scenarios. Our species data included lists of all bird, mammal, reptile, and amphibian species in the study area, their habitat associations, and area requirements for each. We estimated the area requirements using home ranges, sampled population densities, or genetic area requirements that incorporate dispersal distances. Our measures of biodiversity were species richness and habitat abundance. We calculated habitat abundance in two ways. First, we computed the total habitat area for each species in each landscape. Second, we calculated the number of habitat units for each species in each landscape by dividing the size of each habitat patch in the landscape by the area requirement and summing over all patches. Species richness was based on presence of habitat. Species became extinct in the landscape if they had no habitat area or no habitat units, respectively. We then computed ratios of habitat abundance in each future landscape to habitat abundance in the present for each species. We also computed the ratio of future to present species richness. We then calculated summary statistics across all species. Species richness changed little from present to future. There were distinctly greater risks to habitat abundance in landscapes that extrapolated from present trends or zoning patterns, however, as opposed to landscapes in which land development activities followed more constrained patterns. These results were stable when tested using Monte Carlo simulations and sensitivity tests on the area requirements. We conclude that this methodology can begin to discriminate the effects of potential changes in land development on vertebrate biodiversity. 相似文献
25.
Jelena Cvejic Sylvie Tambutté Severine Lotto Momir Mikov Ivan Slacanin Denis Allemand 《Marine Biology》2007,152(4):855-862
Corallium rubrum is the most famous and precious coral due to the intense characteristic red colour of its skeleton. We have determined the
presence of carotenoids in natural samples of C. rubrum from Marseille, Riou, and investigated their chemical composition. Analysis was performed both on soft tissues and hard tissues
including spicules and skeleton. Since hard tissues are made of a mineral fraction and an organic fraction obtained after
demineralization, extraction was performed both with and without demineralization by EDTA. The extracts were analyzed by complementary
methods of TLC, HPLC/DAD and HPLC/MS. The components were separated by RP-18 chromatography column using acetonitrile/methanol
for HPLC/DAD and acetonitrile/water gradient for HPLC/MS analysis. Our results give the first evidence of the presence of
canthaxanthin, 4,4′-diketo-β-carotene, as the major carotenoid in all samples. Spicules exhibited higher content in carotenoids
than skeleton. Demineralization treatment improved the efficiency of carotenoid extraction by an average factor of 5 and showed
that organic matrix contains canthaxanthin. 相似文献
26.
Lynne Tolland Jaime G. Cathcart S. O. Denis Russell 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1998,34(4):787-794
ABSTRACT. Estimates of peak flows, with specified return periods, are needed in practice for the design of works that affect streams in forested areas. In the province of British Columbia (B.C.), Canada, the new Forest Practices Code specifies the 100-year instantaneous peak flow (Q100) for the design of bridges and culverts for stream crossings under forest roads; and many practitioners are engaged in making such estimates. The state of the art is still quite primitive, very similar to the state of urban hydrology 30 years ago, when popular estimating techniques were used with little consideration given to their applicability. Urban hydrology then evolved on a much more scientific basis, such that within about a 10-year period, standard approaches to design were developed. Forest hydrology should follow the same pattern, at least as far as estimating design flows is concerned. Popular present day design procedures include the rational method and other empirical approaches based on rainfall data, as use of the standard flood frequency approach is limited by the paucity of relevant flow data. Estimating procedures based on peak streamflow measurements and statistics are likely to evolve, and these will include distinctions for rain, snowmelt, and rain on snow floods. Guidelines will also be developed for selecting and applying appropriate procedures for particular areas. 相似文献
27.
In this paper, we report on techniques for sampling and measuring ethanol in both the gas and aqueous phases of the lower troposphere. In the gas phase, the best sampling conditions were ensured by adsorption on Hayesep Q with a Chromosorb W AW coated with LiCl dryer (method 1) or by cryogenic trapping (method 2). An intercomparison campaign showed good agreement between both methods under various conditions. Method 1 (adsorption on Hayesep Q with dryer) is easier to set up and to carry away from the laboratory. Method 2 (cryogenic trapping) requires longer sampling time (up to 60 min while method 1 requires only 10-15 min). Method 1 is adapted to high concentrations of ethanol (>20 ppb) and low relative humidity (<30%). Method 2 gives more accurate results than method 1 for low ethanol concentrations (1-20 ppb). Comparing these results to previous studies, it is clear that sampling with appropriate solid adsorbents or with stainless steel canisters (with appropriate humidified air and short storage time) is adapted to urban or industrial environments where ethanol concentrations are high. Cryogenic sampling must be preferred for remote places where ethanol concentrations are low. Three techniques were tested for sampling ethanol in the liquid phase, namely solid phase microextraction, purge and trap injection, and direct injection. Among those, the latter was chosen for field measurements of ethanol in rain samples at an urban location. These first ever results at an urban location show concentrations ranging from <1 to 5 microM in rains, which agree with the expected range of concentrations. However, the purge and trap method showed detection limits that were 50 times lower and should be preferred for liquid phase ethanol measurements in rural and remote locations. Combining cryogenic trapping for the gas phase (method 2) and direct injection for the liquid phase is convenient and well adapted for a multiphase study of ethanol in the atmosphere, where simultaneous measurements in both phases are needed. 相似文献
28.
Teresa Pamatz-Bolaños Denis A. Cabrera-Munguia Horacio González Rosa E. Del Río José L. Rico Gabriela Rodríguez-García 《International Journal of Green Energy》2018,15(8):465-472
Caesalpinea eriostachys seed oil, as a source of triglycerides with potential application for biodiesel production in Mexico is introduced. Its lipid profile obtained by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed saturated and unsaturated glycerol esters as the constituents. Therefore, heterogeneous and homogeneous catalyzed transesterification reactions were assayed employing ZnAl hydrotalcites and KOH, as the catalysts, respectively. The transesterification reactions yielded 59% for Zn/Al(2), 79% for Zn/Al(4), and 90% for KOH, depicting typical behavior, as in biodiesel production data from literature, where Zn-Al hydrotalcites or KOH were assayed. The caloric, density, viscosity values, and fatty acid methyl esters profile from reaction products were concordant to EN 14214, suggesting C. eriostachys as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production. 相似文献
29.
Adeleye Bosede Ngozi Akam Darlington Inuwa Nasiru James Henry Tumba Basila Denis 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(13):36190-36207
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 agenda hinges on attaining a sustainable environment with the need to “take urgent... 相似文献
30.
Denis Bérubé PhD 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(3):465-477
Exposure to air particulate matter (PM) is linked to numerous health effects. In order to improve the understanding of the role of its metallic components, their solubility was examined by using serial short-contact dissolutions totalling 1?h and additional sequential contact periods of 1, 4, and 8 days. The dissolution experiments were performed in solutions containing the main biological electrolytes. ICPMS determinations were used to quantify the dissolved metals. The total compositions were determined after closed vessel microwave digestion. Large variations in the rate and completeness of the dissolutions were observed. Fast and extensive dissolutions within the short-contact time (e.g., Zn, Cd) as well as slow dissolutions persisting during the last contact period (e.g., Ni, Cu, Sb, Pb) were found for smelting emissions. The multi-element determinations also made it possible to identify relationships between dissolution of different metals and define gradual composition changes of residual PM. When comparing with dissolutions performed in de-ionized water, similar major fractions were observed at short-contact time for minor components of smelting or combustion emissions (e.g., V, Ni, Cd), suggesting a preponderance of easily available forms at the surface of the relatively inert particle cores. The use of these time sequential methods may help in (1) modeling metal partitioning in biological media and (2) investigating the causes of adverse effects attributed to air PM. 相似文献