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51.
Adánez-Rubio Iñaki Pérez-Astray Antón Abad Alberto Gayán Pilar De Diego Luis F. Adánez Juan 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2019,24(7):1293-1306
Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - Bioenergy with carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (BECCS) technologies represent an interesting option to reach negative carbon... 相似文献
52.
Impact of mining activities on soils in a semi-arid environment: Sierra Almagrera district, SE Spain
Andres Navarro Diego Collado Montserrat Carbonell Juan A. Sanchez 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2004,26(3-4):383-393
Field and laboratory-column studies were undertaken in order to investigate soil contamination derived from past mining activity in the Sierra Almagrera (SA) district in southeast Spain. The tailings, soil and sediment samples that were collected showed high concentrations of Ag, As, Ba, Cu, Pb, Sb and Zn when analyzed. The mean concentrations of these elements in the tailings were 29.8, 285.4, 54000, 57.7, 2687.5, 179.0 and 2269.0 ppm, respectively. In the soil samples these decreased to 14.3, 96.9, 24700, 37.5, 1859.1, 168.5 and 815.7 ppm, respectively. Geochemical analyses demonstrated high levels of As, Pb and Zn which were above the intervention values set forth in the Andalusian Regulations for Contaminated Soils for As (>50 ppm), Pb (>500 ppm) and Zn (>2000 ppm). Column experiments and mineralogical studies suggest that the dissolution of sulfates and other secondary phases, accumulated in soils and waste-sites during the dry season, acts to control the mobility of metals. The elution curves obtained from column experiments showed a mobilization of Ba, Cu, Pb and Zn, while a low mobility was seen for Ag, As and Sb. 相似文献
53.
Parasite assemblages are increasingly being used as indicators of their hosts’ biology and ecology, especially for economically important marine species such as the Soleidae. In this study, seven species inhabiting Portuguese coastal waters were examined for external and internal macroparasite infections using standard procedures: Dicologlossa cuneata, Microchirus azevia, Microchirus variegatus, Solea lascaris, Solea senegalensis, Solea solea and Synaptura lusitanica. Despite being closely related, these species present different life history patterns and ecological preferences which were expected to be mirrored by their macroparasite assemblages. The aim of the study was, therefore, to study the variation of these assemblages, within and between host species, along the Portuguese coast in order to evaluate the importance of the hosts’ features and environmental factors in the assemblage compositions. Flatfish were obtained seasonally from commercial fishing vessels operating in three areas (northern, central and southern) along the Portuguese coast. Prevalence and mean abundance were calculated and tested for differences between host sex, areas and seasons. The host specificity index and the importance of the host–parasite relationship were computed based on mean abundance. The total number of parasite individuals, species richness, total prevalence, total mean abundance, diversity and evenness were also calculated. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was performed using prevalence and mean abundance data. A total of 44 macroparasite species were found. No significant differences were observed in prevalence and mean abundance between sexes and sampling seasons but, for three of the parasite species, significant differences were found between areas. The highest values of the parasitological and ecological indices were generally registered in the hosts S. lascaris and S. senegalensis and in the southern area. The CCA using the prevalence data revealed the differentiation of S. lascaris samples, which was mainly related to the total prevalence and to the number of important species of macroparasites. When using mean abundance data, the CCA revealed the differentiation of D. cuneata from the south, S. lascaris from the three areas and S. senegalensis from the south, mainly related to total prevalence and richness. The differences found between infection levels and assemblages’ composition were mainly due to differences in hosts’ diet, namely prey type consumption, given that most macroparasites found were transmitted through the food web. However, environmental factors were also important given that they regulate the distribution of ectoparasites and the availability of prey, and therefore the infections’ pattern. These findings were in agreement with the ones from similar studies performed in other species, revealing the importance of parasites as indicators of their hosts’ ecology. 相似文献
54.
Dynamics in the global protected-area estate since 2004 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Edward Lewis Brian MacSharry Diego Juffe-Bignoli Nyeema Harris Georgina Burrows Naomi Kingston Neil D. Burgess 《Conservation biology》2019,33(3):570-579
Nations of the world have committed to a number of goals and targets to address global environmental challenges. Protected areas have for centuries been a key strategy in conservation and play a major role in addressing current challenges. The most important tool used to track progress on protected-area commitments is the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA). Periodic assessments of the world's protected-area estate show steady growth over the last 2 decades. However, the current method, which uses the latest version of the WDPA, does not show the true dynamic nature of protected areas over time and does not provide information on sites removed from the WDPA. In reality, this method can only show growth or remain stable. We used GIS tools in an approach to assess protected-area change over time based on 12 temporally distinct versions of the WDPA that quantify area added and removed from the WDPA annually from 2004 to 2016. Both the narrative of continual growth of protected area and the counter-narrative of protected area removal were overly simplistic. The former because growth was almost entirely in the marine realm and the latter because some areas removed were reprotected in later years. On average 2.5 million km2 was added to the WDPA annually and 1.1 million km2 was removed. Reasons for the inclusion and removal of protected areas in the WDPA database were in part due to data-quality issues but also to on-the-ground changes. To meet the 17% protected-area component of Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 by 2020, which stood at 14.7% in 2016, either the rate of protected-area removal must decrease or the rate of protected-area designation and addition to the WDPA must increase. 相似文献
55.
El Rasafi Taoufik Pereira Ruth Pinto Glória Gonçalves Fernando J. M. Haddioui Abdelmajid Ksibi Mohamed Römbke Jörg Sousa José Paulo Marques Catarina R. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(13):15782-15793
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The contamination left by abandoned mines demands sustainable mitigation measures. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the phytoremediator... 相似文献
56.
Gabriel N. de O. Teixeira Arthur M. S. da Cruz Gisella R. L. Samanamud Alexandre B. França Luzia L. R. Naves Diego Melo 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2020,55(1):19-29
AbstractThe main objective of this study is the degradation of a synthetic solution of atrazine by a modified vermiculite catalyzed ozonation, in a rotating packed bed (RPB) reactor. A 0.5?L RPB reactor was used to perform the experiments, using a Central Composite Design (CCD) response surface to construct the quadratic model based on the factors: pH, catalyst concentration and reactor rotation frequency. The response variable was the removal of the organic load measured in terms of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). After the complete quadratic model was constructed through the response surface, the COD degradation process had an optimal removal of 41% under the following conditions: pH 8.0, rotation of 1150?rpm and catalyst concentration 0.66?g L?1. 相似文献
57.
László Z. Garamszegi Thorsten J. S. Balsby Ben D. Bell Marta Borowiec Bruce E. Byers Tudor Draganoiu Marcel Eens Wolfgang Forstmeier Paolo Galeotti Diego Gil Leen Gorissen Poul Hansen Helene M. Lampe Stefan Leitner Jan Lontkowski Laurent Nagle Erwin Nemeth Rianne Pinxten Jean-Marc Rossi Nicola Saino Aurélie Tanvez Russell Titus János Török Els Van Duyse Anders P. Møller 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2005,57(4):305-317
Repertoire size, the number of unique song or syllable types in the repertoire, is a widely used measure of song complexity in birds, but it is difficult to calculate this exactly in species with large repertoires. A new method of repertoire size estimation applies species richness estimation procedures from community ecology, but such capture-recapture approaches have not been much tested. Here, we establish standardized sampling schemes and estimation procedures using capture-recapture models for syllable repertoires from 18 bird species, and suggest how these may be used to tackle problems of repertoire estimation. Different models, with different assumptions regarding the heterogeneity of the use of syllable types, performed best for different species with different song organizations. For most species, models assuming heterogeneous probability of occurrence of syllables (so-called detection probability) were selected due to the presence of both rare and frequent syllables. Capture-recapture estimates of syllable repertoire size from our small sample did not differ significantly from previous estimates using larger samples of count data. However, the enumeration of syllables in 15 songs yielded significantly lower estimates than previous reports. Hence, heterogeneity in detection probability of syllables should be addressed when estimating repertoire size. This is neglected using simple enumeration procedures, but is taken into account when repertoire size is estimated by appropriate capture-recapture models adjusted for species-specific song organization characteristics. We suggest that such approaches, in combination with standardized sampling, should be applied in species with potentially large repertoire size. On the other hand, in species with small repertoire size and homogenous syllable usage, enumerations may be satisfactory. Although researchers often use repertoire size as a measure of song complexity, listeners to songs are unlikely to count entire repertoires and they may rely on other cues, such as syllable detection probability.Communicated by A. Cockburn 相似文献
58.
Diego Andrés Lugo 《Journal of Land Use Science》2020,15(2-3):343-367
ABSTRACT This article, through the use of political ecology perspectives on coercive conservation, aims to explain how in two separate Colombian Natural Parks and buffer zones, environmental policies designed to (re)take control of the frontier, have produced a similar territorial differentiation in the contention of illicit activities. Los Farallones in the Colombian Pacific and La Macarena/Puerto Rico in the Ariari region have experienced different stages of the armed conflict and are at the center of this analysis. I argue that in the contexts of both conflict escalation (1998–2007) and conflict de-escalation (2008–2016), the State in its attempt to control the frontier has not only had military intervention in areas of conservation but has also reinforced environmental programs that attack illegal mining and coca, producing both a territorially differentiated containment of illicit activities and an uneven progression of the illicit frontier. 相似文献
59.
Elie Gaget Diego Pavón-Jordán Alison Johnston Aleksi Lehikoinen Wesley M. Hochachka Brett K. Sandercock Alaaeldin Soultan Hichem Azafzaf Nadjiba Bendjedda Taulant Bino Luka Božič Preben Clausen Mohamed Dakki Koen Devos Cristi Domsa Vitor Encarnação Kiraz Erciyas-Yavuz Sándor Faragó Teresa Frost Clemence Gaudard Lívia Gosztonyi Fredrik Haas Menno Hornman Tom Langendoen Christina Ieronymidou Vasiliy A. Kostyushin Lesley J. Lewis Svein-Håkon Lorentsen Leho Luigujõe Włodzimierz Meissner Tibor Mikuska Blas Molina Zuzana Musilová Viktor Natykanets Jean-Yves Paquet Nicky Petkov Danae Portolou Jozef Ridzoň Samir Sayoud Marko Šćiban Laimonas Sniauksta Antra Stīpniece Nicolas Strebel Norbert Teufelbauer Goran Topić Danka Uzunova Andrej Vizi Johannes Wahl Marco Zenatello Jon E. Brommer 《Conservation biology》2021,35(3):834-845
Climate warming is driving changes in species distributions and community composition. Many species have a so-called climatic debt, that is, shifts in range lag behind shifts in temperature isoclines. Inside protected areas (PAs), community changes in response to climate warming can be facilitated by greater colonization rates by warm-dwelling species, but also mitigated by lowering extirpation rates of cold-dwelling species. An evaluation of the relative importance of colonization-extirpation processes is important to inform conservation strategies that aim for both climate debt reduction and species conservation. We assessed the colonization-extirpation dynamics involved in community changes in response to climate inside and outside PAs. To do so, we used 25 years of occurrence data of nonbreeding waterbirds in the western Palearctic (97 species, 7071 sites, 39 countries, 1993–2017). We used a community temperature index (CTI) framework based on species thermal affinities to investigate species turnover induced by temperature increase. We determined whether thermal community adjustment was associated with colonization by warm-dwelling species or extirpation of cold-dwelling species by modeling change in standard deviation of the CTI (CTISD). Using linear mixed-effects models, we investigated whether communities in PAs had lower climatic debt and different patterns of community change than communities outside PAs. For CTI and CTISD combined, communities inside PAs had more species, higher colonization, lower extirpation, and lower climatic debt (16%) than communities outside PAs. Thus, our results suggest that PAs facilitate 2 independent processes that shape community dynamics and maintain biodiversity. The community adjustment was, however, not sufficiently fast to keep pace with the large temperature increases in the central and northeastern western Palearctic. Our results underline the potential of combining CTI and CTISD metrics to improve understanding of the colonization-extirpation patterns driven by climate warming. 相似文献
60.
Schaeffer Roberto Logan Jeffrey Szklo Alexandre Salem Chandler William de Souza Marques João Carlos 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2001,6(1):47-69
This study analyzes the options for meeting power demand in the Brazilianpower sector through the year 2015. Three policy cases are constructedto test economic and environmental policy measures against a baseline:advanced technologies scenario, environmental control scenario and carbon(C) elimination scenario. Least-cost modeling simulated these scenarios throughchanges in emissions fees and caps, costs for advanced technologies,demand side efficiency, and clean energy supplies. Results show that, in theabsence of alternative policies, new additions to Brazil's electric powersector will shift rapidly from hydroelectricity to combined-cycle natural gasplants. When the cost of environmental impacts are incorporated in theprice of power, the least-cost mix of electric power generation technologycould change in other ways. In all scenarios, energy efficiency andcogeneration play an important role in the least-cost power solution. Savingelectricity through increased efficiency offsets the needs for new supply andhas enormous potential in Brazil's industrial sector. Efficiency also reducesthe environmental burden associated with electricity production andtransmission, without compromising the quality of the services demandedby end users. Interesting enough, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions will remainrelatively low under almost every conceivable scenario. 相似文献