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91.
92.
M.A. Pereira P.S. Sabharwal P. Kaur C.B. Ross A. Choi T. Dixon 《Environment international》1981,5(4-6)
Male Chinese hamsters were exposed to diesel exhaust and clean air for six months at the Center Hill Facility of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in Cincinnati, Ohio. The animals were kept in specially constructed inhalation chambers and exposed to clean air or diesel exhaust for eight hours daily. The animals were sacrificed and slides prepared to study the mutagenic effects of diesel exhaust by four in vivo short term mammalian bioassays. Sperm morphology bioassay revealed a 2.67-fold increase in sperm abnormalities in the animals exposed to diesel exhaust as compared to those exposed to fresh air. Micronucleus bioassay revealed a 50% increase in the number of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes obtained from animals exposed to diesel exhuast. However, no increase in sister chromatid exchange or chromosomal abnormalities was observed in bone marrow cells of animals treated with diesel exhaust. During these studies a decrease in mitotic index was observed in animals treated with diesel exhaust. 相似文献
93.
L. J. Lane M. H. Diskin D. E. Wallace R. M. Dixon 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1978,14(5):1143-1158
ABSTRACT: Significant errors in estimating surface runoff and erosion rates are possible if a watershed is assumed to contribute runoff uniformly over the entire area, when actually only a portion of the entire area may be contributing. Generation of overland flow on portions of small semiarid watersheds was analyzed by three methods: an average loss rate procedure, a lumped-linear model, and a distributed-nonlinear model. These methods suggested that, on the average, 45, 60, and 50% of the drainage area was contributing runoff at the watershed outlet. Infiltrometer data support the partial area concept and indicate that the low infiltration zones are the runoff source areas as simulated with the distributed-nonlinear model. 相似文献
94.
95.
Burger J Campbell KR Campbell TS Shukla T Dixon C Gochfeld M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,110(1-3):171-184
We compared the levels of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury and selenium in a small species of fish (Central
stonerollers, Campostoma anomalum) collected from East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC) and a reference site in eastern Tennessee. Stonerollers are minnows in the
Cyprinidae family that serve as prey for many carnivores in aquatic systems. Fish were collected from East Fork Poplar Creek
within the U.S. Department of Energy's Y-12 National Security Complex, part of the Oak Ridge Reservation, and from a reference
stretch of the Little River in East Tennessee. Whole fish were homogenized for analysis. Concentrations of all metals (except
arsenic) were significantly higher in stonerollers from EFPC compared to the reference site. Mercury levels in minnows from
EFPC averaged 0.4 ppm (μg/g), four times higher than the average for fish in the U.S. in general. This was higher than levels
in fish from the nearby Clinch River and higher than fillets of white bass (Morone chrysops) from the same creek. Most metal levels were inversely related to size and weight of the stonerollers, perhaps due to growth
dilution. 相似文献
96.
Preface 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Robert K. Dixon 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(3):323-324
97.
Wetlands are critical natural resources in developing countries where they perform a range of environmental functions and provide numerous socio-economic benefits to local communities and a wider population. In recent years, however, many wetlands throughout eastern Africa have come under extreme pressure as government policies, socio-economic change and population pressure have stimulated a need for more agriculturally productive land. Although wetland drainage and cultivation can make a key contribution to food and livelihood security in the short term, in the long term there are concerns over the sustainability of this utilization and the maintenance of wetland benefits. This article draws upon recent research carried out in western Ethiopia, which addressed the sustainability of wetland agriculture in an area of increasing food insecurity and population pressure. It discusses the impacts of drainage and cultivation on wetland hydrology and draws attention to local wetland management strategies, particularly those characterized by multiple use of wetlands, where agriculture exists alongside other wetland uses. The article suggests that where multiple wetland uses exist, a range of benefits can be sustained with little evidence of environmental degradation. Ways of promoting and empowering such sustainable wetland management systems are discussed in the context of the wider need for water security throughout the region. 相似文献
98.
Monitoring global change: Comparison of forest cover estimates using remote sensing and inventory approaches 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
David P. Turner Greg Koerper Hermann Gucinski Charles Peterson Robert K. Dixon 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1993,26(2-3):295-305
Satellite-based remote sensing offers great potential for frequent assessment of forest cover over broad spatial scales, however, calibration and validation using ground-based surveys are needed. In this study, forest cover estimates for the United States from a recently developed land surface cover map generated from satellite remote sensing data were compared to state-level inventory data from the U.S. National Resources Planning Act Timber Database. The land cover map was produced at the U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center and is based on imagery from the AVHRR sensor (spatial resolution 1.1 km). Vegetation type was classified using the temporal signal in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index derived from AVHRR data. Comparisons revealed close agreement in the estimate of forest cover for extensively forested states with large polygons of relatively similar vegetation such as Oregon. Larger forest cover differences were observed in other states with some regional patterns in the level of agreement apparent.Comparisons in inventory- and remote sensing-based estimates of current forested area with potential vegetation maps indicated the magnitude of past land use change and the potential for future changes. The remote sensing approach appears to hold promise for conducting surveys of forest cover where inventory data are limited or where rates of vegetation change, due to human or climatic factors, are rapid. 相似文献
99.
Understanding Managers’ Views of Global Environmental Risk 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This research investigated managers’ views of two global environmental risks: climate change and loss of biodiversity. The
intent was to understand why different managers place varying levels of attention and priority on these issues. The data came
from in-depth interviews with 28 senior corporate managers across Canada and a range of sectors, although most were employed
in the energy sector. Approximately half had direct environmental responsibilities and half had other management duties. Grounded
theory was used to collect and analyze the data. From the results, a theoretical framework was constructed to explain important
factors that can influence managers’ mental models of environmental risk. Four factors relevant to managers’ appraisal of
the threat of environmental risk include: (1) salience, (2) intrinsic value of nature, (3) knowledge, and (4) perceived resilience
of nature. In addition, four factors relevant to managers’ view of the appeal of a particular response strategy were: (1)
avoidability, (2) perceived costs and benefits, (3) fairness and equity, and (4) effectiveness. The time horizon for decision
making was seen as being important in both portions of the mental model. 相似文献
100.
Danilo Urzedo Simone Pedrini Daniel L. M. Vieira Alexandre B. Sampaio Bruna D. F. Souza Eduardo Malta Campos-Filho Fatima C. M. Pia-Rodrigues Isabel B. Schmidt Rodrigo G. P. Junqueira Kingsley Dixon 《Ambio》2022,51(3):557
The UN Decade of Ecosystem Restoration is poised to trigger the recovery of ecosystem services and transform structural injustices across the world in a way unparalleled in human history. The inclusion of diverse Indigenous and local communities to co-create robust native seed supply systems is the backbone to achieve the goals for the Decade. Here we show how community-based organizations have co-developed native seed supply strategies for landscape restoration from the bottom-up. We draw on the interconnections over two decades of seed networks in Brazil and the emerging Indigenous participation in native seed production in Australia. From an environmental justice perspective, we provide a participatory seed supply approach for local engagement, noting local geographical, social and cultural contexts. Meeting large-scale restoration goals requires the connection between local seed production and collaborative platforms to negotiate roles, rights and responsibilities between stakeholders. An enduring native seed supply must include a diversity of voices and autonomy of community groups that builds equitable participation in social, economic, and environmental benefits. 相似文献