Enhanced degradation of ortho-nitrochlorobenzene by the combined system of zero-valent iron reduction and persulfate oxidation in soils

ortho-Nitrochlorobenzene (o-NCB) in soil poses significant health risks to human because of its persistence and high toxicity. The removal of o-NCB by both zero-valent iron (ZVI) and chemical oxidation (persulfate) was investigated by batch experiments. The o-NCB removal rate increases significantly from 15.1 to 97.3 % with an increase of iron dosage from 0.1 to 1.0 mmol g^?1. The o-NCB removal rate increases with the decrease of the initial solution pH, and a removal efficiency of 90.3 % is obtained at an initial pH value of 6.8 in this combined system. It is found that temperature and soil moisture could also increase the o-NCB removal rate. The o-NCB degradation rate increases from 83.9 to 96.2 % and from 41.5 to 82.4 % with an increase of temperature (15 to 35 °C) and soil moisture (0.25 to 1.50 mL g^?1), respectively. Compared to the persulfate oxidation system and ZVI system, the persulfate–iron system shows high o-NCB removal capacity. o-NCB removal rates of 41.5 and 62.4 % are obtained in both the persulfate oxidation system and the ZVI system, while the removal rate of o-NCB is 90.3 % in the persulfate–iron system.     

Distribution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in chicken manure and manure-fertilized vegetables

Veterinary manure is an important pollution reservoir of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). However, little is known of the distribution of ARB in plant endophytic bacteria and the number/types of ARB in chicken manure. In this study, 454-pyrosequencing was used to investigate the distribution and composition of ARBs in chicken manure and fertilized vegetables. The prevalence of ARB in the samples of the chicken manure compost recovered from farms on which amoxicillin, kanamycin, gentamicin, and cephalexin were used was 20.91–65.9 % for ARBs and 8.24–20.63 % simultaneously resistant to two or more antibiotics (multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria (MARB)). Antibiotic-resistant endophytic bacteria were widely detected in celery, pakchoi, and cucumber with the highest rate of resistance to cephalexin. The pyrosequencing indicated that the chicken manure dominantly harbored Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Synergistetes, and Proteobacteria and that Bacteroidetes was significantly enhanced in farms utilizing antibiotics. In the total cultivable colonies, 62.58–89.43 % ARBs and 95.29 % MARB were clustered in Bacteroidetes with the dominant species (Myroides ordoratimimus and Spningobacterium spp., respectively) related to human clinical opportunistic pathogens.     

Comparison of lignin peroxidase and horseradish peroxidase for catalyzing the removal of nonylphenol from water

Concentrations of aqueous-phase nonylphenol (NP), a well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical, are shown to be reduced effectively via reaction with lignin peroxidase (LiP) or horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide. We systematically assessed their reaction efficiencies at varying conditions, and the results have confirmed that the catalytic performance of LiP toward NP was more efficient than that of HRP under experimental conditions. Mass spectrum analysis demonstrated that polymerization through radical–radical coupling mechanism was the pathway leading to NP transformation. Our molecular modeling with the assistance of ab initio suggested the coupling of NP likely proceeded via covalent bonding between two NP radicals at their unsubstituted carbons in phenolic rings. Data from acute immobilization tests with Daphnia confirm that NP toxicity is effectively eliminated by LiP/HRP-catalyzed NP removal. The findings in this study provide useful information for understanding LiP/HRP-mediated NP reactions, and comparison of enzymatic performance can present their advantages for up-scale applications in water/wastewater treatment.     

膜吸收法净化低浓度甲醛和氨气简

基于膜吸收技术自制双层平板式膜吸收器,搭建净化低浓度甲醛和氨气污染模拟系统,考察不同膜结构参数、进气流量、吸收剂流量等因素对其净化效果的影响。结果表明,聚偏氟乙烯PVDF对低浓度甲醛和氨气的净化效率高于聚四氟乙烯PTFE。对同一材质膜,随着膜孔隙率的增大,甲醛和氨气的净化率呈上升趋势。随着进气流量的增加,甲醛和氨气的净化效率降低;而吸收剂流量对其净化效率影响不大。对于所有实验条件,平均膜孔径为0.22 μm的PVDF 4^#在进气流量u_g=120 L/h时,甲醛和氨气的净化效率最高,分别达94.7%和96.3%。     

吸能让位防冲支护结构与围岩协同作用体系研究

为防治冲击地压危害,减小人员伤亡与经济损失,采用数值计算方法建立吸能让位防冲液压支架与围岩协同作用体系模型,计算支架和围岩组合体系在静载和冲击载荷作用下的受力状态.结果表明:静载条件下,受煤层影响巷道右侧拱肩位置应力值与塑性应变相对最大,此处最易发生破坏;吸能装置在静载条件下没有发生压缩变形,表明吸能装置不会影响支架正...     

基于CDEM露天煤矿顺倾软岩边坡三维稳定性分析

为解决露天煤矿顺倾层状软岩边坡稳定性这一技术难题,基于连续介质离散元数值模拟方法,从理论上探讨了降深与清帮至不同位置对顺倾软岩边坡稳定性的影响。结合白音华一号矿南帮工程实例,针对各煤层降深及清帮方案,基于CDEM数值算法对边坡稳定性进行计算,对比分析了坡体位移、应力分布及演化特征,进而阐明多个弱层对复合边坡产生的叠加效应,以及清帮减载对边坡稳定性的影响。结果表明,白音华一号矿首采区南帮边坡变形不会对南排土场稳定性造成影响,揭露多个弱层对边坡变形与稳定性下降有一定的叠加效应,清帮不能显著提高边坡稳定性,但可减小作用在弱层上的法向应力和剪切应力,进而减缓滑坡发生的过程,提高边坡动态发展过程中的安全性。     

电镀污泥脱水稳定剂制备及应用研究

针对电镀污泥脱水过程中金属离子大量溶出带来的处理难题,以四甲基乙二胺、二硫化碳为主要原料,以氢氧化钾为引发剂,采用聚合法制备了一种脱水稳定剂,并考察了稳定剂投加量、污泥pH值、反应温度和反应时间对电镀污泥离心脱水时重金属溶出的影响。结果表明,在稳定剂投加量(稳定剂与污泥的质量比)为1%、反应温度为20℃、pH=1、反应时间为30 min、转速为3 000 r/min条件下对含Ni(Ⅱ)电镀污泥离心脱水后,Ni(Ⅱ)脱水稳定率达96.88%,且脱水稳定剂对混合电镀污泥中Ni(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)的选择性大于Zn(Ⅱ)。脱水稳定剂的脱水稳定机理是其中的二硫代氨基甲酸盐与重金属离子M(Ⅱ)(Ni(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)等)形成配位键,从而形成稳定的交联网状结构,达到化学稳定,实现了离心脱水极少重金属离子溶出(即脱水稳定)的效果。所合成的脱水稳定剂可广泛用于含镍、铜、锌等金属离子的电镀污泥脱水处理。     

绿色木霉和黄孢原毛平革菌混合降解稻草秸秆中的VOCs

利用黄孢原毛平革菌和绿色木霉混合培养降解稻草秸秆,使用顶空固相微萃取气质联用的方法研究了降解过程中产生的挥发性有机物,并对混合培养中同一平板上不同区域产生的挥发性有机物进行了比较。纯培养和混合培养中挥发性有机物的对比研究表明,两株菌的混合培养较其纯培养有更强地降解稻草的能力。在混合培养过程中检测到C15H24的两种同分异构体,分别属于双环倍半水芹烯和环己二烯类物质,均是倍半萜烯,证实了黄孢原毛平革菌和绿色木霉混合培养时的拮抗机制。同时发现环己二烯类物质仅在混合培养中的混合区域检测到,表明混合培养中混合区域较之非混合区域具有更强的竞争表现,分区域检测降解过程中挥发性有机物能更好地研究混合接种的降解机理。     

反应条件对等离子体脱除吸附于Cu-Ce/AC表面NOx的影响

以放电等离子体协同催化法对吸附在Cu-Ce/AC上的NOx进行脱除,研究了不同的放电条件和添加水蒸气对脱除NOx的影响。结果表明,对于同轴圆筒形反应器,催化剂量一定时,放电长度增加,吸附态NOx去除率先升高后下降;放电电压增大,吸附态NOx去除率升高,原因在于放电反应区内能量密度和活性粒子分布状态改变。根据NOx程序升温脱附（TPD）,TPD低温位（x更容易被放电等离子体脱除,放电长度和放电电压能够影响不同吸附位上NOx的去除效率。适宜条件下,吸附态NOx去除率最高达到93.3%。循环吸附-等离子体脱除NOx进行10次后,NOx脱除率在92%以上。在混合气中添加5%水蒸气提高了等离子体对吸附态NOx的去除率,但导致循环吸附-等离子体脱除NOx效率下降。原因是H2O与NOx竞争吸附带来的负面效应大于等离子体中H2O提供自由基与吸附态NOx反应所带来的正面效应。     

The fractionation and geochemical characteristics of rare earth elements measured in ambient size-resolved PM in an integrated iron and steelmaking industry zone

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Improved understanding of the fractionation and geochemical characteristic of rare earth elements (REEs) from steel plant emissions is important due...