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641.
R. Douglas Wilson 《黑龙江环境通报》2008,28(7):619-625
Fetal thoracic lung anomalies are rare. The specific diagnosis can be made by utilizing ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and Doppler studies. Perinatal surveillance is required for large lesions and mediastinal shift regardless of the pathological diagnosis. These can cause physiological changes in the cardiovascular system with resulting hydrops. In utero therapies are variable but with no large randomized trials to compare risks and benefits. In most cases of fetal lung lesions, continued observation with postnatal therapy is the outcome. When fetal hydrops is present or impending, in utero fetal therapy is required to try to reverse that pathological course associated with fetal or neonatal death. Maternal morbidity is increased with the development of MIRROR syndrome following the presence of long-standing fetal hydrops and possible surgical procedures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
642.
Douglas M. Leahey Mervyn J.E. Davies L.A. Panek 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(3):257-259
Airborne particulate and soil materials sampled in the vicinity of a lead/zinc smelter and subsequently digested In nitric-perchloric acids have been analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP/AES). The samples were collected in two communities; a study community situated immediately adjacent to the smelter complex and a control community some 50 kilometers distant. Enrichment of airborne as well as soil materials is discussed and there is evidence of lead, zinc, copper, cadmium, arsenic, and antimony enrichment from the smelting processes. In addition, an aqueous extraction of the airborne materials isolated sulfate, nitrate, fluoride, and ammonia and gave evidence of enrichment due to fugitive SO x , NO x , HF, and NH3 gaseous emissions. 相似文献
643.
Robert A. Swett Charles Listowski Douglas Fry Stephen Boutelle David Fann 《Environmental management》2009,43(6):962-971
Florida’s coasts have been transformed over the past three decades as population growth and unprecedented demand for individual
shore access to bays and estuaries led to the creation of residential canal developments. Thousands of miles of channels and
basins were dredged as a by-product of this urbanization process. The navigable waterways that resulted are now being stressed
by increasing boat traffic and canal-side activities. Recognizing their common goal to preserve the recreational and ecological
value of southwest Florida waterways, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, the four-county West Coast Inland
Navigation District, and the University of Florida Sea Grant College Program signed a Memorandum of Agreement. The signatories
agreed to develop a science-based Regional Waterway Management System (RWMS), which is a new approach to waterway planning
and permitting based on carefully mapped channel depths, a census of actual boat populations, and the spatial extent of natural
resources. The RWMS provides a comprehensive, regional overview of channel conditions and the geographic distribution and
severity of existing impediments to safe navigation and resource protection. RWMS information and analyses result in regional-scale
permitting to accommodate water-dependent uses while minimizing environmental impacts and reducing public expenditures. Compared
with traditional approaches to waterway management, the science-based RWMS is relatively unbiased, objective, transparent,
ecologically sound, and fiscally prudent. 相似文献
644.
George G. Ice George W. Brown John A. Gravelle C. Rhett Jackson Jeffrey T. Light Timothy E. Link Douglas J. Martin Dale J. McGreer Arne E. Skaugset 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2010,46(4):838-842
Ice, George G., George W. Brown, John A. Gravelle, C. Rhett Jackson, Jeffrey T. Light, Timothy E. Link, Douglas J. Martin, Dale J. McGreer, and Arne E. Skaugset, 2010. Discussion –“Stream Temperature Relationships to Forest Harvest in Western Washington” by Michael M. Pollock, Timothy J. Beechie, Martin Liermann, and Richard E. Bigley. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(4): 838-842. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00441.x 相似文献
645.
L.-J. Sally Liu Harish C. Phuleria Whitney Webber Mark Davey Douglas R. Lawson Robert G. Ireson Barbara Zielinska John M. Ondov Christopher S. Weaver Charles A. Lapin Michael Easter Thomas W. Hesterberg Timothy Larson 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(28):3422-3431
We monitored two Seattle school buses to quantify the buses’ self pollution using the dual tracers (DT), lead vehicle (LV), and chemical mass balance (CMB) methods. Each bus drove along a residential route simulating stops, with windows closed or open. Particulate matter (PM) and its constituents were monitored in the bus and from a LV. We collected source samples from the tailpipe and crankcase emissions using an on-board dilution tunnel. Concentrations of PM1, ultrafine particle counts, elemental and organic carbon (EC/OC) were higher on the bus than the LV. The DT method estimated that the tailpipe and the crankcase emissions contributed 1.1 and 6.8 μg m?3 of PM2.5 inside the bus, respectively, with significantly higher crankcase self pollution (SP) when windows were closed. Approximately two-thirds of in-cabin PM2.5 originated from background sources. Using the LV approach, SP estimates from the EC and the active personal DataRAM (pDR) measurements correlated well with the DT estimates for tailpipe and crankcase emissions, respectively, although both measurements need further calibration for accurate quantification. CMB results overestimated SP from the DT method but confirmed crankcase emissions as the major SP source. We confirmed buses’ SP using three independent methods and quantified crankcase emissions as the dominant contributor. 相似文献
646.
Cadle SH Ayala A Black KN Fulper CR Graze RR Minassian F Murray HB Natarajan M Tennant CJ Lawson DR;Coordinating Research Council 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2007,57(2):139-145
The Coordinating Research Council held its 16th workshop in March 2006, with 83 presentations describing the most recent mobile source-related emissions research. In this paper, we summarize the presentations from researchers who are engaged in improving our understanding of the contribution of mobile sources to air quality. Participants in the workshop discussed evaluation of in-use emissions control programs, effects of fuels on emissions, emission models and emission inventories, results from gas- and particle-phase emissions studies from spark-ignition and diesel-powered vehicles, and efforts to improve our capabilities in performing on-board emissions measurements, as well as topics for future research. 相似文献
647.
Quantifying MTBE biodegradation in the Vandenberg Air Force Base ethanol release study using stable carbon isotopes 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
McKelvie JR Mackay DM de Sieyes NR Lacrampe-Couloume G Sherwood Lollar B 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2007,94(3-4):157-165
Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) was used to assess biodegradation of MTBE and TBA during an ethanol release study at Vandenberg Air Force Base. Two continuous side-by-side field releases were conducted within a preexisting MTBE plume to form two lanes. The first involved the continuous injection of site groundwater amended with benzene, toluene and o-xylene ("No ethanol lane"), while the other involved the continuous injection of site groundwater amended with benzene, toluene and o-xylene and ethanol ("With ethanol lane"). The delta(13)C of MTBE for all wells in the "No ethanol lane" remained constant during the experiment with a mean value of -31.3 +/- 0.5 per thousand (n=40), suggesting the absence of any substantial MTBE biodegradation in this lane. In contrast, substantial enrichment in (13)C of MTBE by 40.6 per thousand, was measured in the "With ethanol lane", consistent with the effects of biodegradation. A substantial amount of TBA (up to 1200 microg/L) was produced by the biodegradation of MTBE in the "With ethanol lane". The mean value of delta(13)C for TBA in groundwater samples in the "With ethanol lane" was -26.0 +/- 1.0 per thousand (n=32). Uniform delta(13)C TBA values through space and time in this lane suggest that substantial anaerobic biodegradation of TBA did not occur during the experiment. Using the reported range in isotopic enrichment factors for MTBE of -9.2 per thousand to -15.6 per thousand, and values of delta(13)C of MTBE in groundwater samples, MTBE first-order biodegradation rates in the "With ethanol lane" were 12.0 to 20.3 year(-1) (n=18). The isotope-derived rate constants are in good agreement with the previously published rate constant of 16.8 year(-1) calculated using contaminant mass-discharge for the "With ethanol lane". 相似文献
648.
Mussel biomonitors are widely used as screening tools for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in marine and aquatic environments. This study determined elimination rate coefficients (k(tot)) for eight PBDE and five PCB congeners in the freshwater mussel, Elliptio complanata, over a 120d depuration period. Elimination of BDE 15, 28, 47, 75 and 100 was similar to PCBs of equivalent hydrophobicity and negatively related to chemical K(OW). Rapid elimination of BDE 190 and an inferred rapid elimination of BDE 183 indicate mussels are capable of biotransformation of certain highly brominated PBDEs. Time to 90% steady state ranged from 48 to 66d for di- and tribromoDE congeners and from 91 to >250d for tetra- to hexabromoDE congeners. Given the long time periods required for steady state, mussel accumulated PBDE residues should be interpreted in the context of calibrated bioaccumulation models. 相似文献
649.
Humans sometimes forage or distribute the products of foraging in ways that do not maximize individual energetic return rates. As an alternative to hypotheses that rely on reciprocal altruism to counter the costs of inefficiency, we suggest that the cost itself could be recouped through signal benefit. Costly signaling theory predicts that signals can provide fitness benefits when costs are honestly linked to signaler quality, and this information is broadcast to potential mates and competitors. Here, we test some predictions of costly signaling theory against empirical data on human food acquisition and sharing patterns. We show that at least two types of marine foraging, turtle hunting and spearfishing, as practiced among the Meriam (a Melanesian people of Torres Strait, Australia) meet key criteria for costly signaling: signal traits are (1) differentially costly or beneficial in ways that are (2) honestly linked to signaler quality, and (3) designed to effectively broadcast the signal. We conclude that relatively inefficient hunting or sharing choices may be maintained in a population if they serve as costly and reliable signals designed to reveal the signaler's qualities to observers. 相似文献
650.