乐安江鄱阳湖河口沉积物样品生态效应的初步评价

对乐安江鄱阳湖河口三个沉积物样品中主要污染元素含量的分析,表明存在重金属Cu和Zn污染。用模拟湖水对沉积物进行溶出实验,上清液金属含量符合国家地表水质量标准,成组生物检验(Battery Test)结果表明,三个沉积物样品对无脊椎动物和发光菌均无急性毒牲,但对光合藻类的生长有抑制作用。初步用毒性鉴定和评价方案进行的研究结果表明,抑制作用主要由阳离子类型污染物引起。     

铁离子对滇池藻类生长的影响

有关氮、磷对滇池藻类生长的影响研究已有大量的报道.但关于铁离子对滇池藻类影响的研究还未见报道.以滇池藻样为对象,实验了不同铁离子浓度对滇池藻类生长的影响.结果表明,不同浓度范围铁离子对滇池藻类光合作用的促进或抑制是影响其生长的最主要因素.实验结果提示, 在控制湖泊藻类生长时,除了要注意控制氮、磷之外,还应考虑铁离子对藻类生长的影响.     

Dual function of allopreening in the cooperatively breeding green woodhoopoe, Phoeniculus purpureus

Allopreening is a widespread but little-studied phenomenon in birds and is particularly prevalent in species where individuals are forced into close proximity. Such a situation facilitates the transfer of ectoparasites between individuals and allopreening has therefore been proposed to serve a hygienic function. In addition, allopreening might theoretically play a role in social communication. Green woodhoopoes (Phoeniculus purpureus) are cooperatively breeding birds that roost communally every night in a tree cavity and are thus susceptible to high ectoparasite loads. Our results suggest that allopreening of the head and neck (“head”), which cannot be efficiently self-preened, serves a primarily hygienic function: all individuals, irrespective of sex, dominance status, and group size, donated and received similar rates of head allopreening and terminated a similar proportion of bouts in which they were involved. Furthermore, there was a high occurrence of reciprocation and head allopreening occurred at a constant rate throughout the year. In contrast, allopreening of the rest of the body, which is accessible to the recipient itself, is likely to serve a primarily social function: body allopreening rates were higher in larger groups; dominant individuals received more body allopreening and terminated a significantly higher proportion of bouts than subordinates; and subordinates donated body allopreening at a higher rate than dominants. Moreover, bouts initiated by dominants were more likely to be reciprocated than those initiated by subordinates and body allopreening rates varied seasonally. Allopreening in the green woodhoopoe is therefore likely to serve a dual function, depending on the part of the body involved.     

基于AERMOD的城市固体废弃物处理场空气污染扩散研究

通过对长沙城市固体废弃物处理场的周边区域地面气象观测和高空气象探测一年的资料进行分析,并结合国家气象观测站网构建了垃圾填埋场的小尺度气候模型,结合观测场气候空间特征,文章研究了固体废弃物处理场周边的小尺度气候条件,并应用AERMOD大气扩散模型,研究并验证了固体废弃场在山地气候条件下的恶臭扩散过程,得出了该污染源恶臭浓度受气候影响较明显,且在气温、风速风向等气象条件,恶臭扩散表现出不同的气候条件下的时空分布特征。     

Adsorption and mechanistic study of the invasive plant-derived biochar functionalized with CaAl-LDH for Eu(III) in water

Herein, we developed the invasive plant-derived biochar (IPB) functionalized with CaAl-LDH at five mass ratios using a physical mixture method, assessed their adsorption perform for Eu(III), and explored the relative mechanisms. Results show that the IPB successfully loaded CaAl-LDH in five composites and their Eu(III) sorption affinities were strongly affected by solution pH, contact time, temperature, and the mass ratio of LDH and IPB. All the sorpiton process for Eu(III) occurred on the heterogeneous surface of five composites and the boundary layer diffusion limited the chemical sorption rate. Interestingly, the CaAl-LDH/IPB composite with high ratio of IPB had higher sorption capacity than the one with high ratio of LDH due to larger porosity of the former. Three mechanisms containing ion exchange between Al and Eu ions, surface complexation with carboxyl- and oxygen-containing functional groups, and precipitation were involved in the Eu(III) sorption, but the dominant sorption mechanism for each CaAl-LDH/IPB composite differed with different mass ratio of CaAl-LDH and IPB. In composite with more IPB (e.g., CaAl-LDH/IPB-13), both ion exchange and surface complexes dominated the sorption process and the intensity of Eu³⁺ was identified with the one of Eu₂O_3. Whereas in composites with high LDH, ion exchange dominated the sorption and the intensity of Eu³⁺ was obviously higher than the one of Eu₂O₃. This research will provide a new perspective for the application of the LDH/biochar materials.     

Microtopographic modification conserves urban wetland water quality by increasing the dissolved oxygen in the wet season

Microtopography affects hydrological processes and forms different microhabitats. Our previous study uncovered that riparian zone microtopography created various microhabitats with different soil environments and runoff-infiltration patterns. However, how riparian microtopography and microtopography within the water area (waterfall and tributary) affects downstream water quality remains unclear. Therefore, water samples were taken almost monthly in both the main stream and the tributary, before and after waterfalls, and near the bottom of three microtopographic types from June 2016 to March 2017. Compared with the dry season, the fact that water quality worsened in the wet season and that there were positive correlations for nitrate (NO₃^?) between water and the corresponding soil samples suggested that the riparian-soil environment affected the adjacent water quality mainly in the wet season. Nevertheless, riparian microtopography did not influence water quality downstream because of the low rainfall frequency and the weak leaching process due to plant interception. In the wet season, both the tributary and the waterfall increased the dissolved oxygen in the water body and, therefore, lowered the risk of eutrophication. The tributary has two pathways for improving the water quality, by increased disturbance and flow velocity, while the waterfall only has the former. However, such effects were not significant in the dry season. We conclude that the application of microtopographic modification is useful in maintaining urban wetland water quality in wet seasons.     

野外模拟扰动方式对太湖浮游植物群落结构的影响

浮游植物是水生生态系统的重要生产者,扰动是水体的固有特征.为探究扰动方式对浮游植物的影响,通过野外模拟试验探讨不同扰动方式（持续扰动和间歇扰动）对太湖浮游植物的影响,并在试验期间测定各扰动条件下浮游植物生长和群落结构变化情况.结果表明:①对照组、间歇扰动组和持续扰动组中浮游植物平均生物量分别为5.92、19.42、58.27 mg/L,平均细胞密度为1.06×108、1.23×108、3.48×108 L-1,持续扰动组浮游植物生物量和细胞密度显著高于对照组和间歇扰动组.②在间歇扰动组中,浮游植物优势种始终是微囊藻,其占比平均值为84.61%;对照组和持续扰动组中,浮游植物主要优势种由微囊藻逐渐转变为湖生伪鱼腥藻,其中微囊藻占比从试验开始时的77.84%到试验结束时分别降至4.72%和5.62%,而湖生伪鱼腥藻从试验开始时的0.55%到试验结束时分别升至94.40%和90.52%.③对照组、间歇扰动组和持续扰动组中Shannon-Wiener指数分别为1.02、1.03和1.63,持续扰动组显著高于对照组和间歇扰动组.研究显示,在该试验条件下,间歇扰动有利于维持微囊藻在太湖浮游植物中的优势地位,同时表明扰动方式显著影响太湖浮游植物生长和群落结构.      

扰动方式对太湖藻类胞外多糖浓度的影响

频繁的风浪扰动是影响大型浅水湖泊生态系统最重要环境因素之一.为了解风浪扰动对富营养化大型浅水湖泊——太湖蓝藻EPS（extracellular polysaccharide,胞外多糖）的影响,试验设置了对照组（不扰动）、间歇扰动组和持续扰动组3种处理组,研究扰动方式及理化因子对蓝藻EPS的影响.结果表明:①第1~7天,3种处理组之间的ρ（EPS）、ρ（sEPS）（soluble extracellular polysaccharide,溶解性胞外多糖）和ρ（bEPS）（bound extracellular polysaccharide,固着性胞外多糖）差异均不显著（P>0.05）;第10~19天,对照组的ρ（EPS）、ρ（sEPS）和ρ（bEPS）均显著低于间歇扰动组和持续扰动组（P < 0.05）;第19天,持续扰动组的ρ（sEPS）和ρ（bEPS）均显著高于间歇扰动组（P < 0.05）.②3种处理组的ρ（EPS）及单位藻细胞EPS含量与ρ（TDN）（TDN为溶解性总氮）及ρ（TDP）（TDP为溶解性总磷）均呈显著负相关;3种处理组的ρ（EPS）与ρ（SS）（SS为悬浮颗粒物）均呈显著正相关;此外,两个扰动组的ρ（EPS）均与藻细胞密度呈显著负相关.研究显示,扰动在一定程度上促进了蓝藻EPS的分泌.      

Preliminary investigation on cytotoxicity of fluorinated polymer nanoparticles

As well-known persistent organic pollutants(POPs), organofluorine pollutants such as perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) have been proven to be bioaccumulated and harmful to health. However, toxicological assessment of organofluorinated nanoparticles, which have emerged as a novel tool for biomedical and industrial applications, is lacking, to the best of our knowledge. To assess the biological effects and health risk of fluorinated nanoparticles,trifluoroethyl aryl ether-based fluorinated poly(methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles(PTFEPMMA NPs) were synthesized with various fluorine contents(PTFE-PMMA-1 NPs 12.0 wt.%,PTFE-PMMA-2 NPs 6.1 wt.% and PTFE-PMMA-3 NPs 5.0 wt.%), and their cytotoxicity was investigated in this study. The in vitro experimental results indicated that the cytotoxicity of PTFE-PMMA NPs was mild, and was closely related to their fluorine(F) contents and Fcontaining side chains. Specifically, the cytotoxicity of PTFE-PMMA NPs decreased with increasing F content and F-containing side chains. After exposure to PTFE-PMMA NPs at a sublethal dose(50 μg/m L) for 24 hr, the phospholipid bilayer was damaged, accompanied by increasing permeability of the cell membrane. Meanwhile, the intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) occurred, resulting in the increase of DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and cell death. Overall, the PTFE-PMMA NPs were found to be relatively safe compared with typical engineered nanomaterials(ENMs), such as silver nanoparticles and graphene oxide, for biomedical and industrial applications.     

Role of water on the H-abstraction from methanol by ClO

The influence of a single water molecule on the reaction mechanism and kinetics of hydrogen abstraction from methanol(CH_3OH) by the ClO radical has been investigated using ab initio calculations. The reaction proceeds through two channels: abstraction of the hydroxyl H-atom and methyl H-atom of CH_3OH by ClO, leading to the formation of CH_3O + HOCl(+H_2O) and CH_2OH + HOCl(+H_2O), respectively. In both cases, pre-and post-reactive complexes were located at the entrance and exit channel on the potential energy surfaces. Results indicate that the formation of CH_2OH + HOCl(+H_2O) is predominant over the formation of CH_3O + HOCl(+H_2O),with ambient rate constants of 3.07 × 10-19 and 3.01 × 10~(-23) cm~3/(molecule·sec), respectively, for the reaction without water. Over the temperature range 216.7–298.2K, the presence of water is seen to effectively lower the rate constants for the most favorable pathways by 4–6 orders of magnitude in both cases. It is therefore concluded that water plays an inhibitive role on the CH_3OH + ClO reaction under tropospheric conditions.