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481.
Lim YH Ngo KQ Park YK Jo YM 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2012,62(8):924-931
Capturing of odorous compounds such as toluene vapor by a particulate-activated carbon adsorbent was investigated in a gas-solid cyclone, which is one type of mobile beds. The test cyclone was early modified with the post cyclone (PoC) and a spiral flow guide to the vortex finder. The proposed process may contribute to the reduction of gases and dust from industrial exhausts, especially when dealing with a low concentration of odorous elements and a large volume ofdust flow. In this device, the toluene capturing efficiency at a 400 ppm concentration rose up to 77.4% when using activated carbon (AC) particles with a median size of 27.03 microm. A maximum 96% of AC particles could be collected for reuse depending on the size and flow rate. The AC regenerated via thermal treatment showed an adsorption potential up to 66.7% throughout repeated tests. 相似文献
482.
Trace metal uptake by tropical vegetables grown on soil amended with urban sewage sludge 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Trace metal uptake was measured for tropical and temperate leafy vegetables grown on soil from an urban sewage disposal farm in the UK. Twenty-four leafy vegetables from East Africa and the UK were assessed and the five vegetable types that showed the greatest Cd concentrations were grown on eight soils differing in the severity of contamination, pH and other physico-chemical properties. The range of Cd concentrations in the edible shoots was greater for tropical vegetables than for temperate types. Metal uptake was modelled as a function of (i) total soil metal concentration, (ii) CaCl2-soluble metal, (iii) soil solution concentration and (iv) the activity of metal ions in soil pore water. Tropical vegetables were not satisfactorily modelled as a single generic ‘green vegetable’, suggesting that more sophisticated approaches to risk assessment may be required to assess hazard from peri-urban agriculture in developing countries. 相似文献
483.
Characteristics of the event mean concentration (EMC) from rainfall runoff on an urban highway 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The purpose of this study was to investigate the characterization of the event mean concentration (EMC) of runoff during heavy precipitation events on highways. Highway runoff quality data were collected from the 7th highway, in South Korea during 2007-2009. The samples were analyzed for runoff quantity and quality parameters such as CODcr, TSS, TPHs, TKN, NO3, TP, PO4 and six heavy metals, e.g., As, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn. Analysis of resulting hydrographs and pollutant graphs indicates that the peak of the pollutant concentrations in runoff occurs 20 min after the first rainfall runoff occurrence. The first flush effect depends on the preceding dry period and the rainfall intensity. The results of this study can be used as a reference for water quality management of urban highways. 相似文献
484.
Lin TC Pan PT Young CC Chang JS Chang TC Cheng SS 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(9):1487-1496
Purpose
Bioaugmentation and biostimulation have been widely applied in the remediation of oil contamination. However, ambiguous results have been reported. It is important to reveal the controlling factors on the field for optimal selection of remediation strategy. In this study, an integrated field landfarming technique was carried out to assess the relative effectiveness of five biological approaches on diesel degradation. The limiting factors during the degradation process were discussed. 相似文献485.
A differential optical absorption spectrometer (DOAS) technique has been applied to monitor airborne trace pollutants including NO(2), SO(2), O(3), and HNO(2) in the ultraviolet (UV) region (290-350 nm) over a 1.5 km beam path (two ways) during an intensive measurement campaign held at Gwangju, Korea (March 2002). Their mean mixing ratios (and standard deviations) were computed as 11.3 (8.8), 1.9 (1.7), 17.1 (19.3), and 0.5 (0.4)ppbv, respectively. As a means to evaluate the performance of the long-path DOAS (LP-DOAS) system with conventional point monitoring systems (PMS), correlation analysis was conducted between the two data sets. These data sets were then inspected to account for the influence of the environmental conditions on the correlation strength between the two systems, especially with respect to light level and wind speed. To facilitate the comparison, correlation analyses were conducted after dividing the data sets for those parameters into several classes. The strength of the correlations between DOAS and meteorological parameters was also examined to evaluate their effects on the DOAS performance. It was found that, among the four pollutant species, O(3) is the most sensitive to changes in meteorological conditions in relation with atmospheric mixing conditions. The overall results of our study indicate that open-path monitoring techniques can be used to effectively diagnose air quality and be substituted for the conventional point monitoring methods with the proper consideration of those parameters affecting the DOAS sensitivity (e.g., light level and wind speed). 相似文献
486.
High densities of larvae have been found in areas of high primary production, but it remains unclear whether this is the
result of hydrodynamics or of larval aggregative behaviour in the presence of food. In this study, we examined changes in
the vertical distribution and swimming patterns of four-armed larvae of the sea-urchin Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus) around food patches of a range of microalgal densities. We reared larvae in the laboratory in a high or low concentration
of either single (Isochrysis galbana) or mixed (I. galbana, Dunaliella tertiolecta, Thalassiosira weissflogii) microalgal species. In Plexiglas cylinders, we experimentally constructed haloclines in which the salinity of the bottom
water-layer was 33‰ and that of the top water-layer was 24‰. In a thin layer in the middle of the halocline, we inserted a
food patch that consisted of 0, 2500, 5000 or 10 000 T. weissflogii cells ml−1. The presence of a food patch had a pronounced effect on the vertical distribution of larvae. This effect depended upon the
algal density of the food patch and varied with dietary conditioning. The number of larvae that were above or within the patch
decreased with increasing algal density, and was greater if larvae were reared in low-ration or single-species diets than
in high-ration or mixed-species diets. Tracking of individual vertical swimming paths showed that within a few minutes, larvae
swam into the patches of low algal density, and to positions just below the patches of the two higher algal densities, and
remained there until the end of the experimental period. The greater number of algal cells in the digestive tracts of larvae
from treatments with a food patch than in those without a patch confirmed that larvae were feeding on the microalgal cells
of the patch. To our knowledge, this is the first study to experimentally show an aggregative behavioural response of invertebrate
larvae to a food patch. Such a response may reduce the probability of food limitation and therefore enhance larval survival.
Received: 14 February 1997 / Accepted: 24 September 1997 相似文献
487.
Lynne A. Isbell Jill D. Pruetz Truman P. Young 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1998,42(2):123-133
The effect of food resources on behavior has been difficult to measure. Here we use animals themselves to describe “effective”
food abundance and distribution by comparing, relative to where individuals stopped to eat, movements of (1) adult females
living in a small group of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) with those living in a large group and (2) vervets and patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas). Although females in the large vervet group travelled farther and stopped to eat more often than females in the small vervet
group, these differences resulted from foraging in Acacia drepanolobium habitat. In A. xanthophloea habitat, females in the large group travelled less far, travelled shorter distances between foods, and stopped as often as
females in the small group. Greater foraging costs of females in larger vervet groups may be offset by access to home ranges
of better quality. Compared to patas, vervets travelled shorter distances, moved shorter distances between food sites, stopped
less often, and had longer feeding bouts, suggesting that foods of vervets are denser and larger, overall, than foods of patas.
When vervets foraged in A. drepanolobium habitat, also the habitat of patas, their foraging behavior became more like that of patas. Vervets travelled farther, stopped
more often, and spent less time at food sites in A. drepanolobium habitat than in A. xanthophloea habitat, suggesting that foods are smaller and less usurpable in A. drepanolobium habitat. Distance between foods, a component of food distribution, did not increase, however. The critical variable underlying
usurpability of foods may be food site depletion time, a temporal measure.
Received: 14 March 1997 / Accepted after revision: 19 October 1997 相似文献
488.
Extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) are used in the developing world for many purposes including management of agricultural insect pests. The effects of different neem extracts (aqueous (NSKEaq), ethanol (NSKEeth) and hexane (NSKEhex)) on mortality, survival and weight of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (St?l) (BPH) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) third and fourth nymphal instars were investigated. When fed rice plants treated with neem derivatives in bioassays, the survival of BPH nymphs is affected. Comparisons were made with the pure neem limonoid, azadirachtin (AZA) to ascertain its role as a compound responsible for these effects. AZA was most potent in all experiments and produced almost 100% nymphal mortality at 0.5 ppm and higher concentrations. When higher concentrations were applied, the effects appeared shortly after treatment and mortality was higher. Many insects died after remaining inactive for several days or during prolonged moulting. At lower concentrations, if moulting was achieved, disturbed growth and abnormalities were then likely to occur in the moulting process. Nymphs that were chronically exposed to neem extract showed a reduction in weight (45-60%). The results clearly indicate the simple NSKE (aqueous, ethanolic or both), containing low concentrations of AZA, can be used effectively to inhibit the growth and survival of BPH. 相似文献
489.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - 相似文献
490.
Han Il Yoo Keunje Kang Bo Ram No Jee Hyun Wee Gui Nam Khan Muhammad Imran Jeong Tae Young Lee Tae Kwon 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(1):451-460
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Improper decisions concerning animal carcass disposal sites pose grave threats to environmental biosecurity. However, only a few studies have focused on the... 相似文献