Cadomian terranes, wrench faulting and thrusting in the central Europe Variscides: geophysical and geological evidence

Sixty five per cent of the Paleozoic basement of western and central Europe is hidden by a sedimentary cover and/or sea. This work aims to remove that blanket to detect new structures which could used to build a more comprehensive model of the Variscan orogeny. It is based on the interpretation of various forms of data: (a) published gravity maps corrected for the effects of the crust–mantle boundary topography and light sedimentary basins; (b) aeromagnetic maps; (c) measurements of densities; and (d) induced and remanent magnetizations on rocks from Paleozoic outcrops of the upper Rhenish area. From the northern Bohemian Massif to the eastern Paris Basin, the Saxothuringian is characterized by a 500?km long belt of gravity highs, the most important being the Kraichgau high. Most of the corresponding heavy bodies are buried under a post-early Viséan cover. They are interpreted as relics of Late Proterozoic terranes overlain by an Early to Middle Paleozoic sequence, equivalent to the Bohemian terrane in the Bohemian Massif. The most probable continuation of these dense Bohemian terranes toward the west is the Southern Channel–Northern Brittany Cadomian terrane. The gravity lows are correlated with Variscan granites and pre- and early Variscan metagranites. Gravity and magnetic maps demonstrate large-scale displacement in Devonian–Early Carboniferous times along the parallel and equidistant, NW–SE striking, Vistula, Elbe, Bavarian, Bray and South Armorican dextral wrench faults. In the Vosges–Schwarzwald and Central Massif the faults continue with the east–west striking Lalaye-Lubine–Baden-Baden and Marche faults and with south vergent thrusts. The Bavarian faults shift the Kraichgau terrane by 150?km relative to the Bohemian terrane, whereas the offset of the Northern Brittany Cadomian relative to the Northern Vosges–Kraichgau terranes is estimated at 400?km along the Bray fault. Sinistral wrench faults are the NE–SW striking Sillon Houiller, Rheingraben, Rodl, Vitis and Diendorf faults. The southern Vosges–Schwarzwald Devonian–Dinantian basin is interpreted as a pull-apart basin at the south-easterly extremity of the Bray fault. The Bohemian and Kraichgau body form allochthonous terranes which were thrust over the Saxothuringian crust. Thrusting to the north-west was accompanied by back-thrusting and led to the formation of pop-up structures. Contemporaneous dextral and sinistral wrench faulting resulted in transpressive strain during collision. The zonal structure of the Variscides in the sense of Kossmat (1927) is relevant only to the Rhenohercynian Foreland Belt. Kossmat (1927) already spoke of a Moldanubian Region because it displays no real zonal structure. The Saxothuringian Zone was formed by terrane accretion. Their apparent zonal structure is not a pre-collisional feature, but only the result of accretion and collision.     

GC/MS分析20种纺织品和消费品中禁止使用的胺类致癌物和印染处理废水的环境监测中出现的胺类致癌物

一些偶氮染料用于纺织品和其它材料会产生胺类致癌物,这类物质从两个途径危害健康:一是消费者直接接触产品,二是印染厂产生的废水及污泥对环境水的污染.德国已经禁止某些含有这种超过规定浓度限量的胺类染料货物进口,使用质谱(MS)方法分析测定其含量.在德国规定用6890气相色谱仪/5973质谱检测器检测有关纺织品和其它消费品中有害物质的浓度限量,这一规定很适宜而且优于其它方法,例如,使用脉冲不分流进样和质谱的SIM模式检测方法,其检测限(LOD)是5ng·ml-1(ppb),这样低的检测限为分析人员提供了很大的方便:可以检测出浓度样品的低限,或者不要使用繁琐的样品处理方法,可以节约劳力从而增加分析样品的数量,而且,可以达到低的LOD并改善了数据处理的能力,适合环境样品的分析,用以检测印染厂废水中的污染物.利用能力卓越的MSD Productivity ChemStation,可以打印出符合用户需要的分析报告.     

Activity rhythms of maturing American eels (Anguilla rostrata)

Locomotor activity was recorded from 11 female silver American eels (Anguilla rostrata) receiving hormonal injections intended to induce maturation. Five eels treated with extracts of carp pituitaries became at least partially mature, while 6 eels treated with ovine-luteinizing hormone remained unaffected (immature). Immature eels were more active nocturnally and showed peaks of activity at light-dark transitions. Maturing eels were equally active by day and by night, but remained responsive to light-dark transitions. In constant darkness both groups increased their activity at times corresponding to expected light-off, suggesting an innate timing mechanism. When maturing eels were subjected to constant light and photoperiod phase-shifts, they displayed transients which further exemplified the use of a biological clock. The significance of these findings relative to the natural spawning behavior of eels is discussed.     

Comparison of methods used to calculate typical threshold values for potentially toxic elements in soil

The environmental quality of land can be assessed by calculating relevant threshold values, which differentiate between concentrations of elements resulting from geogenic and diffuse anthropogenic sources and concentrations generated by point sources of elements. A simple process allowing the calculation of these typical threshold values (TTVs) was applied across a region of highly complex geology (Northern Ireland) to six elements of interest; arsenic, chromium, copper, lead, nickel and vanadium. Three methods for identifying domains (areas where a readily identifiable factor can be shown to control the concentration of an element) were used: k-means cluster analysis, boxplots and empirical cumulative distribution functions (ECDF). The ECDF method was most efficient at determining areas of both elevated and reduced concentrations and was used to identify domains in this investigation. Two statistical methods for calculating normal background concentrations (NBCs) and upper limits of geochemical baseline variation (ULBLs), currently used in conjunction with legislative regimes in the UK and Finland respectively, were applied within each domain. The NBC methodology was constructed to run within a specific legislative framework, and its use on this soil geochemical data set was influenced by the presence of skewed distributions and outliers. In contrast, the ULBL methodology was found to calculate more appropriate TTVs that were generally more conservative than the NBCs. TTVs indicate what a “typical” concentration of an element would be within a defined geographical area and should be considered alongside the risk that each of the elements pose in these areas to determine potential risk to receptors.     

Enhancement of gasworks groundwater remediation by coupling a bio-electrochemical and activated carbon system

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Here, we show the electrical response, bacterial community, and remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater from a gasworks site using a...     

Testing nickel tolerance of Sorghastrum nutans and its associated soil microbial community from serpentine and prairie soils

Ecotypes of Sorghastrum nutans from a naturally metalliferous serpentine grassland and the tallgrass prairie were assessed for Ni tolerance and their utility in remediation of Ni-polluted soils. Plants were inoculated with serpentine arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) root inoculum or whole soil microbial communities, originating from either prairie or serpentine, to test their effects on plant performance in the presence of Ni. Serpentine plants had marginally higher Ni tolerance as indicated by higher survival. Ni reduced plant biomass and AM root colonization for both ecotypes. The serpentine AM fungi and whole microbial community treatments decreased plant biomass relative to uninoculated plants, while the prairie microbial community had no effect. Differences in how the soil communities affect plant performance were not reflected in patterns of root colonization by AM fungi. Thus, serpentine plants may be suited for reclamation of Ni-polluted soils, but AM fungi that occur on serpentine do not improve Ni tolerance.     

NYSDEC's DER‐31/Green Remediation Policy Influences Tool Development and Global Program

The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) Division of Environmental Remediation (DER) issued a program policy focused on the overall sustainability of hazardous waste site cleanups on August 11, 2010. This DER‐31/Green Remediation program policy (DER‐31) was issued in accordance with 6 New York Codes, Rules and Regulations (NYCRR) Part 375 Environmental Remediation Programs. DER‐31 represents one of the first government‐issued green and sustainable remediation (GSR) policies in the United States. Consistent with other DER policies, DER‐31's provisions are broadly considered to be an expectation/requirement. GSR experts from within AECOM's Remediation Services (RS) Practice Area developed and implemented a GSR program designed to comply with DER‐31 provisions and have now broadly incorporated GSR into our New York remediation projects. Lessons learned from this experience in New York have influenced AECOM's global GSR program and implementation procedures and prompted the development of a new GSR tool (GSRx^TM) for identifying and assessing GSR best management practices (BMPs), which has also been employed globally. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.