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141.
142.
Ellen Hollands Steffensen Anne Skakkebæk Kasper Gadsbøll Olav Bjørn Petersen Thomas Westover Heather Strange The NIPT-SCA-map Study Group Ida Vogel 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(2):144-155
Objective
To examine the extent to which sex chromosomes are included in current noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and the reporting practices with respect to fetal chromosomal sex and sex chromosome aberrations (SCAs), in addition to an update on the general implementation of NIPT.Method
A questionnaire addressing the research objectives was distributed by email to fetal medicine and clinical genetics experts in Asia, Australia, Europe and the USA.Results
Guidelines on NIPT are available in the majority of the included countries. Not all existing guidelines address reporting of fetal chromosomal sex and SCAs. In most settings, NIPT frequently includes sex chromosomes (five Australian states, China, Hong Kong, Israel, Singapore, Thailand, USA and 23 of 31 European countries). This occurs most often by default or when parents wish to know fetal sex. In most settings, a potential SCA is reported by stating the risk hereof as “low” or “high” and/or by naming the SCA. Less than 50% of all pregnant women receive NIPT according to respondents from three Australian states, China, Israel, Singapore, Thailand and 24 of 31 European countries. However, this percentage, the genomic coverage of NIPT and its application as primary or secondary screening vary by setting.Conclusion
In most of the studied countries/states, NIPT commonly includes sex chromosomes. The reporting practices concerning fetal chromosomal sex and SCAs are diverse and most commonly not addressed by guidelines. In general, NIPT is variably implemented across countries/states. 相似文献143.
Lima Luíza Siqueira Galiciolli Maria Eduarda Andrade Pereira Meire Ellen Felisbino Karoline Machado-Souza Cleber de Oliveira Cláudia Sirlene Guiloski Izonete Cristina 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(29):43435-43447
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As well as a lead-related environmental factor, genetic factors could also corroborate important changes in intelligence quotient (IQ) through... 相似文献
144.
Tianhua Huang Alan Dennis Wendy S. Meschino Shamim Rashid Ellen Mak-Tam Howard Cuckle 《黑龙江环境通报》2015,35(7):709-716
145.
An absence of aggression between non-nestmates in the bull ant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Myrmecia nigriceps</Emphasis> 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
van Wilgenburg E Dang S Forti AL Koumoundouros TJ Ly A Elgar MA 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2007,94(9):787-790
The ability of social insects to discriminate against non-nestmates is vital for maintaining colony integrity, and in most
social insect species, individuals act aggressively towards non-nestmates that intrude into their nest. Our experimental field
data revealed that intra-colony aggression in the primitive bulldog ant Myrmecia nigriceps is negligible; our series of bioassays revealed no significant difference in the occurrence of aggression in trials involving
workers from the same, a close (less than 300 m) or a far (more than 1.5 km) nest. Further, non-nestmate intruders were able
to enter the nest in 60% of our trials; a similar level was observed in trials involving nestmates. These results suggest
that workers of M. nigriceps are either unable to recognize alien conspecifics or that the costs of ignoring workers from foreign colonies are sufficiently
low to favor low levels of inter-colony aggression in this species. 相似文献
146.
Katherine?P.?Gill Ellen?van?Wilgenburg Peter?Taylor Mark?A.?ElgarEmail author 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2012,99(3):245-248
Social insect colonies exhibit highly coordinated responses to ecological challenges by acquiring information that is disseminated
throughout the colony. Some responses are coordinated directly from the signals produced by individuals that acquired the
information. Other responses may require information to be transferred indirectly through a third party, thereby requiring
colony-wide retention of information. Social insects use colony signature odours to distinguish between nestmates and non-nestmates,
and the level of aggression between non-nestmates typically varies according to the distance between colonies and thus their
history of interactions. Such coordinated, colony-specific responses may require information about particular odours to be
disseminated and retained across the colony. Our field experiments with weaver ants reveal colony-wide, indirect acquisition
and retention of the signature odours of a different colony with which they had experienced aggression. These data highlight
the significance of interaction history and suggest the presence of a collective memory. 相似文献
147.
148.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to use the detailed medical injury information in the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) to evaluate patterns of rib fractures in real-world crash occupants in both belted and unbelted restraint conditions. Fracture patterns binned into rib regional levels were examined to determine normative trends associated with belt use and other possible contributing factors.Methods: Front row adult occupants with Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 3+ rib fractures, in frontal crashes with a deployed frontal airbag, were selected from the CIREN database. The circumferential location of each rib fracture (with respect to the sternum) was documented using a previously published method (Ritchie et al. 2006) and digital computed tomography scans. Fracture patterns for different crash and occupant parameters (restraint use, involved physical component, occupant kinematics, crash principal direction of force, and occupant age) were compared qualitatively and quantitatively.Results: There were 158 belted and 44 unbelted occupants included in this study. For belted occupants, fractures were mainly located near the path of the shoulder belt, with the majority of fractures occurring on the inboard (with respect to the vehicle) side of the thorax. For unbelted occupants, fractures were approximately symmetric and distributed across both sides of the thorax. There were negligible differences in fracture patterns between occupants with frontal (0°) and near side (330° to 350° for drivers; 10° to 30° for passengers) crash principal directions of force but substantial differences between groups when occupant kinematics (and contacts within the vehicle) were considered. Age also affected fracture pattern, with fractures tending to occur more anteriorly in older occupants and more laterally in younger occupants (both belted and unbelted).Conclusions: Results of this study confirmed with real-world data that rib fracture patterns in unbelted occupants were more distributed and symmetric across the thorax compared to belted occupants in crashes with a deployed frontal airbag. Other factors, such as occupant kinematics and occupant age, also produced differing patterns of fractures. Normative data on rib fracture patterns in real-world occupants can contribute to understanding injury mechanisms and the role of different causation factors, which can ultimately help prevent fractures and improve vehicle safety. 相似文献
149.
150.
In a variety of taxa, male reproductive success is positively related to the expression of costly traits such as large body
size, ornaments, armaments, and aggression. These traits are thought to improve male competitive ability and, thus, access
to limited reproductive resources. Females of many species also express competitive traits. However, we know very little about
the consequences of individual variation in competitive traits and the mechanisms that regulate their expression in females.
Consequently, it is currently unclear whether females express competitive traits owing to direct selection or as an indirect
result of selection on males. Here, we examine females of a mildly dimorphic songbird (Junco hyemalis) to determine whether females show positive covariance in traits (morphology and behavior) that may be important in a competition.
We also examine whether trait expression relates either to testosterone (T) in terms of mechanism or to reproductive success
in terms of function. We found that larger females were more aggressive and that greater ability to produce T in response
to a physiological challenge consisting of a standardized injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone predicted some measures
of female body size and aggression. Finally, we found that aggressive females had greater reproductive success. We conclude
that T may influence female phenotype and that females may benefit from expressing a competitive phenotype. We also suggest
that the mild dimorphism observed in many species may be due in part to direct selection on females rather than simply a correlated
response to selection in males. 相似文献