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81.
Identification of Putative Geographically Isolated Wetlands of the Conterminous United States 下载免费PDF全文
Charles R. Lane Ellen D'Amico 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2016,52(3):705-722
Geographically isolated wetlands (GIWs) are wetlands completely surrounded by uplands. While common throughout the United States (U.S.), there have heretofore been no nationally available, spatially explicit estimates of GIW extent, complicating efforts to understand the myriad biogeochemical, hydrological, and habitat functions of GIWs and hampering conservation and management efforts at local, state, and national scales. We used a 10‐m geospatial buffer as a proxy for hydrological or ecological connectivity of National Wetlands Inventory palustrine and lacustrine wetland systems to nationally mapped and available stream, river, and lake data. We identified over 8.3 million putative GIWs across the conterminous U.S., encompassing nearly 6.5 million hectares of wetland resources (average size 0.79 ± 4.81 ha, median size 0.19 ha). Putative GIWs thus represent approximately 16% of the freshwater wetlands of the conterminous U.S. The water regime for the majority of the putative GIWs was temporarily or seasonally flooded, suggesting a vulnerability to ditching or hydrologic abstraction, sedimentation, or alterations in precipitation patterns. Additional analytical applications of this readily available geospatially explicit mapping product (e.g., hydrological modeling, amphibian metapopulation, or landscape ecological analyses) will improve our understanding of the abundance and extent, effect, connectivity, and relative importance of GIWs to other aquatic systems of the conterminous U.S. 相似文献
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Interviews were carried out with Japanese firms and environmental agencies regarding their current practices regarding life-cycle assessment (LCA). The results of this informal survey are compared with an executive survey of U.S. Fortune 500 companies. The findings show that Japanese LCA activity has increased rapidly over the past four years with several government agencies involved in LCA. Private industry has also founded LCA forums and recycling centers. The primary Japanese LCA interests include use in ecodesign and ecolabeling with the main environmental efforts focused on design for environment. Solid waste was identified as the most significant current environmental problem in Japan, in contrast to the United States where atmospheric and liquid discharges are ranked equally important. Neither the Japanese nor EPA plan to use LCA as a regulatory tool. This article summarizes several LCA case studies performed in Japan and lists the agencies involved in LCA development, ISO 14000, and ecoauditing/ecolabeling. Some recent Japanese legislation affecting LCA is also reviewed. 相似文献
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L. Star E. D. Ellen K. Uitdehaag F. W. A. Brom 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2008,21(2):109-125
The combination of breeding for increased production and the intensification of housing conditions have resulted in increased
occurrence of behavioral, physiological, and immunological disorders. These disorders affect health and welfare of production
animals negatively. For future livestock systems, it is important to consider how to manage and breed production animals.
In this paper, we will focus on selective breeding of laying hens. Selective breeding should not only be defined in terms
of production, but should also include traits related to animal health and welfare. For this we like to introduce the concept
of robustness. The concept of robustness includes individual traits of an animal that are relevant for health and welfare.
Improving robustness by selective breeding will increase (or restore) the ability of animals to interact successfully with
the environment and thereby to make them more able to adapt to an appropriate husbandry system. Application of robustness
into a breeding goal will result in animals with improved health and welfare without affecting their integrity. Therefore,
in order to be ethically acceptable, selective breeding in animal production should accept robustness as a breeding goal.
L. Star, E. D. Ellen contributed equally to this work. Star belongs to the Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University,
and the rest of the authors belong to the Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University. 相似文献
84.
Wasaki J Rothe A Kania A Neumann G Römheld V Shinano T Osaki M Kandeler E 《Journal of environmental quality》2005,34(6):2157-2166
White lupine (Lupinus albus L.) was used as a phosphorus (P)-efficient model plant to study the effects of elevated atmospheric CO(2) concentrations on (i) P acquisition, (ii) the related alterations in root development and rhizosphere chemistry, and (iii) the functional and structural diversity of rhizosphere microbial communities, on a P-deficient calcareous subsoil with and without soluble P fertilization. In both +P (80 mg P kg(-1)) and -P treatments (no added P), elevated CO(2) (800 micromol mol(-1)) increased shoot biomass production by 20 to 35% and accelerated the development of cluster roots, which exhibit important functions in chemical mobilization of sparingly soluble soil P sources. Accordingly, cluster root formation was stimulated in plants without P application by 140 and 60% for ambient and elevated CO(2) treatments, respectively. Intense accumulation of citrate and increased activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases, but also of chitinase, in the rhizosphere were mainly confined to later stages of cluster root development in -P treatments. Regardless of atmospheric CO(2) concentrations, there was no significant effect on accumulation of citrate or on selected enzyme activities of C, N, and P cycles in the rhizosphere of individual root clusters. Discriminant analysis of selected enzyme activities revealed that mainly phosphatase and chitinase contributed to the experimental variance (81.3%) of the data. Phosphatase and chitinase activities in the rhizosphere might be dominated by the secretion from cluster roots rather than by microbial activity. Alterations in rhizosphere bacterial communities analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were related with the intense changes in root secretory activity observed during cluster root development but not with elevated CO(2) concentrations. 相似文献
85.
Angela L. Rachubinski Susan Hepburn Ellen R. Elias Katheleen Gardiner Tamim H. Shaikh 《黑龙江环境通报》2017,37(1):31-36
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) at a significantly higher frequency than the typical population. The differentiation of ASD symptoms from those of severe intellectual disability presents diagnostic challenges, which have led to more refined methods in the clinical evaluation of ASD in DS. These improved phenotypic characterization methods not only provide better diagnosis of ASD in DS, but may also be useful in elucidating the etiology of the increased prevalence of ASD in DS. Because all individuals with the classic presentation of DS have trisomy 21, it is possible that those with co-occurring DS and ASD may have additional genetic variants which can act as modifiers of the phenotype, leading to the development of ASD. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Lima Fernando Santos Scalize Paulo Sérgio Gabriel Ellen Flávia Moreira Gomes Raylane Pereira Gama Aline Rodrigues Demoliner Meriane Spilki Fernando Rosado Vieira José Daniel Gonçalves Carneiro Lilian Carla 《Food and environmental virology》2022,14(1):77-88
Food and Environmental Virology - Rural environments lack basic sanitation services. Facilities for obtaining water and disposing sewage are often under the initiative of each resident, who may not... 相似文献