固定化酶复台材料及其制备方法的研究

本文研究并提供了一种用于污染水源修复的固定化酶复合材料的配方及其制备方法,制备方法简单,造价低,效果好,该材料可广泛应用于污、废水的处理工程,是一种经济实用、发展前景广阔的新型环保材料,具有综合交叉学科集成创新的特点。     

全球季风动力学与气候变化

本文结合现代季风和古季风研究成果对全球季风进行了一个全面回顾,并引入了一个全球季风的新定义,该定义考虑了三维分布、终极成因,强调了季节性气压梯度变化对季风环流的影响,并同时使用了环流与降水来描述季风强度。我们在从构造到季节内的宽广时间尺度上来考察全球季风气候变化。全球季风的性质包括全球不均一性、区域差异性、季节性、准周期性、不规则性、不稳定性和穿时性。对全球季风动力学来说,太阳辐射、地球轨道参数、下垫面性质和海-陆-气相互作用十分重要。本文还讨论了季风变率在不同时间尺度上的主要驱动因子以及多时间尺度之间的动力学关系。自然过程与人类活动影响对我们理解未来全球季风行为都非常重要。     

The effect of Oja-titun market effluent on the chemical quality of receiving OPA reservoir in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

The effect of market effluent from the Oja-titun market in Ile-Ife, Nigeria on the chemical quality of the Opa Reservoir located 3.5 km downstream was investigated between February and November 2000. Water samples were collected in February, May, August and November from 16 sites, four along each of the market drainage channels (MDC), market stream, tributary stream and the Opa River and Reservoir. The peak level of each variable-biochemical oxygen demand, temperature, total alkalinity, Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), PO(4)(3+), SO(4)(2+), Cl(-), NO(3)(-), Pb and Zn-occurred at the MDC, and decreased significantly downstream, except pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen, which increased. Seasonal fluctuation in most variables was pronounced. Generally, there were high values in the early dry and dry seasons and low values in the rainy and early rainy seasons. Comparison of the reservoir water with international limitation standards for drinking water supply showed that the quality of the reservoir water was very low and that treatment required to achieve minimum limitation standards for drinking water would be both intensive and expensive. The study concluded that the stream borne effluent from the market impacts significantly on the chemical quality of the reservoir water although other tributaries within the Reservoir's catchment are other possible sources of pollutants in the reservoir.     

超超临界锅炉安全预评价问题的探讨

超超临界技术在国内得到迅速发展和应用,针对该类型工程安全预评价的特点,通过分析超超临界锅炉工作参数和工作状态,运用安全系统工程的分析思路,提出了应用该技术的锅炉设备在进行安全评价过程中,除了超临界锅炉常规的危险因素分析以外,尤其应该重点分析解决高温高压材料、水冷壁选型、燃烧设备、焊接、施工、运行管理等多方面的特殊问题;并应该在设计、施工、运行等方面对以上问题提出合理有效的安全对策措施.     

湖北省县域迁入人口的空间格局及影响因素

利用第五次和第六次人口普查分县资料,分析湖北省县际迁入人口的空间格局及变化,探讨迁入人口空间格局形成的内生机制。研究发现,2000年以来迁入人口向地级市市辖区以及与其邻接的地区集中,县际分布差异扩大,但是空间集聚程度下降,以武汉市为中心的"中心-外围"空间格局日益明显。在地区名义工资和社会发展水平等其他条件不变的情况下,差异化工业制成品和服务业产品的可获得性是人口迁入的重要原因。而推进区域一体化可以提高本地对差异化产品的可获得性,吸引人口迁入,进而诱发人口与产业向本地同向集聚。     

湖泊富营养化的形成机理与防治对策

分析了湖泊富营养化的形成机理，并从湖泊治理人才队伍的组建、控制目标的设定、外源性营养物质的控制、内源性营养物质的控制、湖泊生物-生态修复、管理等10个方面探讨了富营养化湖泊的防治对策，指出防治湖泊富营养化是一项复杂的系统工程，必须从控制污染源出发，重点开展生物-生态修复、完善管理对策，有计划分层次地逐步实施。     

Characterization of surface runoff from a subtropics urban catchment

Characteristics of surface runoff from a 0.14-km^2 urban catchment with separated sewer in Macau was investigated. Water quality measurements of surface runoff were carried out on five rainfall events during the period of August to November, 2005. Water quality parameters such as pH, turbidity, TSS, COD, TN, Zn, Pb, and Cu were analyzed. The results show that TN and COD are the major pollutants from surface runoff with mean concentration of 8.5 and 201.4 mg/L, both over 4-fold higher compared to the Class V surface water quality standard developed by China SEPA. Event mean concentration （EMC） for major pollutants showed considerable variations between rainfall events. The largest rainfall event with the longest length of antecedent dry weather period （ADWP） produced the highest EMC of TN, TSS and COD. From the pollutographs analysis, the peak concentration of TN precedes the peak runoff flow rate for all three rainfall events. The tendency of the concentration of TSS, turbidity and COD changing with runoff flow varies between rainfall events. The relationship between TSS and other parameters were analyzed to evaluate the efficiency of the physical treatment process to control the surface runoff in the urban catchment. Based on the correlation of parameters with TSS, high treatment efficiency of TSS, TN and COD was expected. The most significant event in term of first flush is the one with the strongest rainfall intensity and longest length of ADWP. TN always showed first flush phenomenon in all three rainfall events, which suggested that the surface runoff in the early stage of surface runoff should be dealt with for controlling TN losses during rainfall events.     

粤北某铀矿周边地表水放射性与重金属污染状况研究

以粤北某铀矿周边地表水为研究对象,用ICP-MS对21个样本进行放射性和重金属元素分析,采用内梅罗法对水质进行评价,为矿区地表水污染现状提供科学数据支持。结果表明:1)矿区周边地表水超标元素为U、TI、Pb、As,其中U含量为4.194~114.7μg/L,最高超标1倍多。2)铀矿开采的污染来源主要有矿井水、碎矿废水、废石堆放场产生的废水,此外农田、养殖场废水也不容忽视。3)该铀矿周边地表水污染状况整体良好,Ⅱ号水体较Ⅰ号水体污染状况严重,其中20号采样点评价等级较低。     

牡蛎鳃组织的培养及TBTCl对细胞活力的影响

采用无血清组织培养和台盼蓝排斥实验,从细胞形态、细胞成活率等方面分别研究了氯化三丁基锡(TributyltinChloride,TBTCl)对牡蛎鳃组织细胞的影响。实验结果表明,TBTCl对牡蛎鳃细胞的生长及活力均产生一定的影响,具有抑制牡蛎鳃细胞增生,造成牡蛎鳃细胞损伤以及致使鳃细胞死亡的作用。     

基于CMAQ和HYSPLIT模式的日照市夏季臭氧污染成因和来源分析

日照市作为典型沿海城市,近年来O₃污染日益严重,为探究O₃污染成因和来源,基于CMAQ模型的IPR过程分析和ISAM源追踪工具分别量化不同物理化学过程,不同源追踪区域对日照市O₃的贡献,并对比在O₃超标日和非超标日的差异,结合HYSPLIT模式探究日照市O₃的区域输送路径.结果表明,以日照市及周边为CMAQ模拟区域,O₃超标日与非超标日相比,日照市和连云港市沿海附近O₃、 NO_x和VOCs浓度明显增加,这主要是由于超标日日照市为西风、西南风和东风的辐合区,易于污染物的输送并累积;过程分析显示,输送过程(TRAN)对日照市和连云港市沿海附近的近地面O₃贡献在超标日明显增加,而对临沂以西大部分区域贡献减小.光化学反应(CHEM)在各个高度对日照市白天O₃浓度均为正贡献,TRAN在离地0～60 m为正贡献,在60 m以上主要为负贡献,超标日CHEM和TRAN在离地0～60 m...