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151.
Isaac Kow Tetteh Esi Awuah Emmanuel Frempong 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2006,11(3):235-242
The paper presents an evaluation of post-project impacts of the Barekese Dam on three riparian communities downstream about
30 years after its construction. A network diagram, which incorporated a mathematical model, was used for impact identification
and analysis. The expected environmental impacts, expressed as quantitative weighted impact scores, showed that the dam appeared
to have exerted adverse impacts on the environmental quality of the communities. The impacts in the communities, however,
increased with relative distances away from the dam and the river suggestive of cumulative impacts transmitted downstream.
Strategic measures for improving environmental quality of the communities have been given. 相似文献
152.
Christian Condevaux‐Lanloy Emmanuel Fragnière 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2000,5(3):145-155
This paper presents a new concept to include uncertainty management in energy and environmental planning models developed in algebraic modeling languages. SETSTOCH is a tool for linking algebraic modeling languages with specialized stochastic programming solvers. Its main role is to retrieve from the modeling language a dynamically ordered core model (baseline scenario) that is sent automatically to the stochastic solver. The case presented herein concerns such a study realized with the IEAMARKAL model used by many research teams around the world. 相似文献
153.
Gerd Bauer Manfred Deistler Andreas Gleiß Emmanuel Glenck Thomas Matyus 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1997,4(2):105-112
Material Flow Analysis (MFA) has become an important instrument in environmental science and pollution research. In this paper, we look at the MFA problem as a particularly structured system identification problem. Special emphasis is given to the linear, static case, where we describe a procedure for reconciliating the flow measurements and for estimating the unmeasured flows and the transfer coefficients by taking into account a priori restrictions such as balance equations. 相似文献
154.
155.
Environmental variability is expected to be important in shaping performance curves, reaction norms of phenotypic traits related
to fitness. Models predict that the breadth of performance curves should increase with environmental variability at the expense
of maximal performance. In this study, we compared the thermal performance curves of two sympatric populations of the parasitoid
Venturia canescens that were observed under contrasting thermal regimes in their respective preferred habitats and differing in their modes
of reproduction. Our results confirm the large effect of developmental temperature on phenotypic traits of insects and demonstrate
that thelytokous and arrhenotokous wasps respond differently to temperature during development, in agreement with model predictions.
For traits related to fecundity, thelytokous parasitoids, which usually occur in stable thermal conditions, exhibit specialist
performance curves, maximising their reproductive success under a restricted range of temperature. In contrast, arrhenotokous
parasitoids, which occur in variable climates, exhibit generalist performance curves, in keeping with the hypothesis "jack
of all temperatures, master of none". 相似文献
156.
Soizic Le Fur Emmanuel Fara Hassane Taïsso Mackaye Patrick Vignaud Michel Brunet 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(5):565-574
Characterizing the paleoenvironmental context of the first hominids is a key issue for understanding their behavioral and
morphological evolution. The present study aims at reconstructing the paleoenvironment of the TM266 vertebrate assemblage
(Toros-Menalla, Northern Chad) that yielded the earliest known hominid Sahelanthropus tchadensis (7 Ma). For the first time, a quantitative analysis is carried out on the fossil mammal assemblage associated with that hominid.
Two complementary approaches were applied: (1) the analysis of the relative abundances of taxa and their habitat preferences;
and (2) the study of the distribution of taxa within three meaningful ecovariables: locomotion, feeding preferences, and body
mass. The resulting taxonomic and paleoecological structures are used to reconstruct the diversity and the relative extent
of the habitats in that part of northern Chad seven million years ago. The paleoenvironment was composed of open areas with
dry and humid grasslands, prevailing over wooded habitats. Water was also widely available as freshwater bodies and certainly
swamps. It appears that the high habitat diversity of the landscape is a common feature among paleoenvironments associated
with early hominids. 相似文献
157.
Pieternel A.M. Claassen Truus de Vrije Emmanuel Koukios Ed van Niel Inci Eroglu Michael Modigell Anton Friedl Walter Wukovits Werner Ahrer 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010
The objectives and methodology of the EU-funded research project HYVOLUTION devoted to hydrogen production from biomass are reviewed.The main scientific objective of this project is the development of a novel two-stage bioprocess employing thermophilic and phototrophic bacteria, for the cost-effective production of pure hydrogen from multiple biomass feedstocks in small-scale, cost-effective industries. Results are summarised of the work on pretreatment technologies for optimal biodegradation of energy crops and bio-residues, conditions for maximum efficiency in conversion of fermentable biomass to hydrogen and CO2, concepts of dedicated installations for optimal gas cleaning and gas quality protocols, as well as innovative system integration aimed at minimizing energy demand and maximizing product output.The main technological objective is the construction of prototype modules of the plant which, when assembled, form the basis of a blueprint for the whole chain for converting biomass to pure hydrogen. A brief outline is presented of the progress made towards developing reactors for thermophilic hydrogen production, reactors for photoheterotrophic hydrogen production and equipment for optimal gas cleaning procedures. 相似文献
158.
Emmanuel Ehiabhi Ukpebor Justina Ebehirieme Ukpebor Emmanuel Aigbokhan Idris Goji Alex Okiemute Onojeghuo Anthony Chinedum Okonkwo 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(7):1073-1079
The suitability of two common and ubiquitously distributed and exotic ornamental plant species in Nigeria-Delonix regia and Casuarina equisetifolia as biomonitors and as effective bioaccumulators of atmospheric trace metals(Cd,Pb,Zn and Cu) has been evaluated.Bark and leaf samples from these plant species were collected in June and July 2006 at five locations in Benin City.Four of the sampling sites were in areas of high traffic density and commercial activities,the fifth site is a remote site,selected to act as a control and also to provide background information for the metals.The plant samples were collected and processed using standard procedures and trace metals were determined using atomic absorption spectrometer.The bark of the plants was able to bioaccumulate the trace metals,especially Pb which originates from anthropogenic contributions in the city.The Pb range of 20.00-70.00 μg/g measured for the bark samples of D.regia,exceeded the normal plant Pb concentration of 0.2-20.0 μg/g and most Pb data available in literature.The bark of the plants was observed to accumulate more metals compared to the leave,while D.regia was found to be slightly better than C.equisetifolia in trace metal uptake efficiency.Spatial variations in the distributions of Pb and Zn were significant(p 0.05),and the continuous use of leaded fuel in Nigeria was identified as the predominant source of Pb in the atmosphere. 相似文献
159.
Sat Gavasa Ana C. Silva Emmanuel Gonzalez Juan Molina Philip K. Stoddard 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2012,66(7):1057-1066
Male intrasexual competition and female choice explain the evolution of male ornaments. Except in sex-role-reversed taxa, female ornaments have been regarded as an epiphenomenon of genetic correlation, with no female-specific function or independently selected basis. Females from species with conventional sex roles may still experience some degree of female–female competition and male choice that could explain the persistence of female ornaments. We studied the effect of female competition on the expression of a sexually dimorphic communication signal. In the electric fish Brachyhypopomus gauderio, both sexes produce an electric signal pulse for communication and electrolocation. Male electric pulses are longer in duration and greater in amplitude than those of females. As competition increases, males further enhance their signals in response to elevated androgen levels. We explored whether females respond to social competition as males do, by enhancing their communication signals and increasing androgen levels. We measured amplitude and duration of the electric signal pulse, and testosterone levels in female B. gauderio in their natural habitat in Uruguay and estimated social competition by calculating population density and adult sex ratio (ASR). In the lab, we manipulated ASR and population density independently to separate these factors and eliminate seasonal confounds. Under both field and lab conditions, signal pulse amplitude increased with population density, while pulse duration increased with female bias in ASR. In the field, but not the lab, androgen levels increased when ASR was female biased. Our findings indicate that the socially mediated mechanism of signal regulation is shared by the sexes, although whether androgens regulate this signal plasticity in females remains unclear. 相似文献
160.
Emmanuel K. Yiridoe 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2000,13(1-2):101-120
Although various studies have shown that farmers believe there is the need for a producer-led initiative to address the environmental
problems from agriculture, farmers in several Canadian provinces have been reluctant to widely participate in Environmental
Farm Plan (EFP) programs. Few studies have examined the key issues associated with adopting EFP programs based on farmers’,
as opposed to policy makers’, perspectives on why producers are reluctant to participate in the program. A study adapting
Van Raaij’s (1981) conceptual model of the decision-making environment of the firm, and prospect theory on value functions
associated with the gains and losses from risky choices can be used to characterize how farmers perceive potential risks in
environmental farm planning. This framework can be used to assert that farmers are concerned about risks of public disclosure
of potentially incriminating environmental information from farms because the EFP program requirements for identification
and extensive documentation of farm information is perceived by farmers as facilitating the accessibility of environmental
information to the public, and public investigative efforts. Although the EFP program does not explicitly generate information
about the environmental conditions of a farm nor the disclosure of such information to the public, it creates the possibility
of generating and divulging potentially incriminating information that the farmer may want to treat as confidential. Yet,
alone, these risks of public disclosure concerns should not prevent farmers from participating in the EFP. Awareness of and
participation in environmental farm planning can be increased if farmers and policy makers understand what the risks are,
and how they arise. Aspects of the EFP process that have the potential to generate risk of public disclosure concerns relate
to farm reviews, documentation and record keeping, and corrective action plans. There are legal and policy instruments that
can offer various forms of protection and help minimize such risks, and these need to be assessed. 相似文献