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81.
Ian Calder Ashvin Gosain M. S. Rama Mohan Rao Charles Batchelor James Garratt Emma Bishop 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(4):427-440
This paper recognises the need for a revision of watershed development policy in India in relation to the planning of development
interventions involving agricultural intensification and rainwater harvesting and the need for new approaches to assist the
planning process. Building on, and using as an example, the results of biophysical and societal impact studies carried out
on two watershed development projects in Karnataka three new management/dissemination tools, are suggested. These are (1)
the web-based geographical information systems exploratory, climate land assessment and impact management tool dissemination
tool for disseminating to policymakers and non-specialist stakeholders the downstream impacts of watershed interventions,
(2) the ‘quadrant’ approach for ensuring that sustainability criteria are met and (3) Bayesian networks to investigate the
biophysical and societal impacts of interventions.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue 相似文献
82.
Detecting rare species is important for both threatened species management and invasive species eradication programs. Conservation scent dogs provide an olfactory survey tool that has advantages over traditional visual and auditory survey techniques for some cryptic species. From the literature, we identified 5 measures important in evaluating the use of scent dogs: precision, sensitivity, effort, cost, and comparison with other techniques. We explored the scale at which performance is evaluated and examined when field testing under real working conditions is achievable. We also identified cost differences among studies. We examined 61 studies published in 1976–2018 that reported conservation dog performance, and considered the inconsistencies in the reporting of scent dog performance among these studies. The majority of studies reported some measure of performance; however, only 8 studies reported all 3 aspects necessary for performance evaluation: precision, sensitivity, and effort. Although effort was considered in 43 studies, inconsistent methods and incomplete reporting prevented meaningful evaluation of performance and comparison among studies. Differences in cost between similar studies were influenced by geographical location and how the dog and handler were sourced for the study. To develop consistent reporting for evaluation, we recommend adoption of sensitivity, precision, and effort as standard performance measures. We recommend reporting effort as the total area and total time spent searching and reporting sensitivity and precision as proportions of the sample size. Additionally, reporting of costs, survey objectives, dog training and experience, type of detection task, and human influences will provide better opportunities for comparison within and among studies. 相似文献
83.
Halley M. S. Durrant Graeme F. Clark Symon A. Dworjanyn Maria Byrne Emma L. Johnston 《Marine Biology》2013,160(8):1903-1911
Ocean warming and acidification are co-occurring stressors likely to affect marine biota through climate-driven change to the ocean. We investigated the effects of increased temperature and lowered pH, solely and in combination, on the growth of the endemic Australian bryozoan, Celleporaria nodulosa. Two temperatures and three pH levels were fully crossed in experimental treatments performed in winter 2008 (August) and summer 2009 (February/March). Fragments of C. nodulosa colonies (clones) were collected from Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia, (30°18′S, 153°09′E) and elongation of colonies was assessed periodically over a 12-day incubation period. Lowered pH in winter significantly decreased growth. Elevated temperatures during the summer significantly impeded the growth of bryozoan colonies, possibly masking the effect of ocean acidification and discovering a maximal thermal tolerance at around 27 °C for C. nodulosa. The effects of decreased pH and increased temperature may be seasonally dependent and particularly acute during the summer months. Thermal stress may in fact be the initial stressor before ocean acidification, negatively affecting organisms in such a way that they are unable to survive before feeling the effects of ocean acidification. 相似文献
84.
85.
Ding Yufan Redol Pedro Angelini Emma Mirão José Schiavon Nick 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(20):29467-29477
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Samples of orange patinas found on a limestone window tracery and an ornament of the Batalha Monastery have been investigated by X-ray... 相似文献
86.
Teuten EL Johnson CG Mandalakis M Asplund L Gustafsson O Unger M Marsh G Reddy CM 《Chemosphere》2006,62(2):197-203
Two methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) were isolated from a True's beaked whale (Mesoplodon mirus) and identified by NMR (1H, 1H-1H and 1H-13C) and high resolution mass spectrometry as 2-(2',4'-dibromophenoxy)-3,5-dibromoanisole (6-MeO-BDE47) and 2-(2',4'-dibromophenoxy)-4,6-dibromoanisole (2'-MeO-BDE68). Previously the structures of these bioaccumulated compounds have been determined by comparison of their mass spectra and gas chromatographic (GC) retention times with those of authentic standards. While this method is accepted and generally successful, NMR of the isolated compounds allows us to definitively identify the congeners. Our characterizations are consistent with those made for MeO-PBDEs in other organisms, identified by chromatographic methods. 相似文献
87.
The impact of seasonal variations in DOC arising from a moorland peat catchment on coagulation with iron and aluminium salts 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Sharp EL Parsons SA Jefferson B 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,140(3):436-443
Natural organic matter (NOM) is one of the main sources of environmental pollution to drinking water supplies in much of the UK and the US. Whilst traditional treatment with trivalent coagulants has proven a successful strategy in the past, operational problems are now being reported during periods of elevated organic levels in the water. Characterisation of the pollutants in terms of polarity, molecular weight and charge, provides a method to understand the impact of the observed temporal and spatial variations in terms of a mechanistic parameter relevant to the treatment processes. Results from this study demonstrate that it is not simply the increased organic concentration, but also the change in NOM composition and character, which influences the impact on the treatment processes. Consequently, monitoring of these parameters provides an insight into how to manage the impact caused by environmental changes to the catchments. 相似文献
88.
89.
Emma Yuen Samantha Stone Jovicich Benjamin L. Preston 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2013,18(5):567-590
Technical assessments of vulnerability and/or risk are increasingly being undertaken to assess the impacts of climate change. Underlying this is the belief that they will bring clarity to questions regarding the scale of institutional investments required, plausible adaptation policies and measures, and the timing of their implementation. Despite the perceived importance of technical assessments in 'evidence-based' decision environments, assessments cannot be undertaken independent of values and politics, nor are they capable of eliminating the uncertainty that clouds decision-making on climate adaptation As such, assessments can trigger as many questions as they answer, leaving practitioners and stakeholders to question their value. This paper explores the value of vulnerability/risk assessments in climate change adaptation planning processes as a catalyst for learning in four case studies in Southeastern Australia. Data were collected using qualitative interviews with stakeholders involved in the assessments and analysed using a social learning framework. This analysis revealed that detailed and tangible strategies or actions often do not emerge directly from technical assessments. However, it also revealed that the assessments became important platforms for social learning. In providing these platforms, assessments present opportunities to question initial assumptions, explore multiple framings of an issue, generate new information, and galvanise support for collective actions. This study highlights the need for more explicit recognition and understanding of the important role social learning plays in climate change vulnerability assessments and adaptation planning more broadly. 相似文献
90.