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排序方式: 共有293条查询结果,搜索用时 593 毫秒
281.
Tobias J. Legler Zhong Liu Ariadni Mavrou Kirstin Finning Ilona Hromadnikova Silvia Galbiati Cathy Meaney Maj A. Hultén Francesco Crea Martin L. Olsson Deborah G. Maddocks Dorothy Huang Sylvia Armstrong Fisher Markus Sprenger-Haussels Aicha Ait Soussan C. Ellen van der Schoot 《黑龙江环境通报》2007,27(9):824-829
Objective Cell free foetal DNA (cff DNA) extracted from maternal plasma is now recognized as a potential source for prenatal diagnosis but the methodology is currently not well standardized. To evaluate different manual and automated DNA extraction methods with a view to developing standards, an International Workshop was performed. Methods Three plasma pools from RhD-negative pregnant women, a DNA standard, real-time-PCR protocol, primers and probes for RHD were sent to 12 laboratories and also to one company (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). In pre-tests, pool 3 showed a low cff DNA concentration, pool 1 showed a higher concentration and pool 2 an intermediate concentration. Results The QIAamp DSP Virus Kit, the High Pure PCR Template Preparation Kit, an in-house protocol using the QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit, the CST genomic DNA purification kit, the Magna Pure LC, the MDx, the M48, the EZ1 and an in-house protocol using magnetic beads for manual and automated extraction were the methods that were able to reliably detect foetal RHD. The best results were obtained with the QIAamp DSP Virus Kit. The QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit showed very comparable results in laboratories that followed the manufacturer's protocol and started with ≥ 500 µL plasma. One participant using the QIAamp DNA Blood Midi Kit failed to detect reliably RHD in pool 3. Conclusions This workshop initiated a standardization process for extraction of cff DNA in maternal plasma. The highest yield was obtained by the QIAamp DSP Virus Kit, a result that will be evaluated in more detail in future studies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
282.
Jan Deprest Marc Van Ranst Lore Lannoo Emma Bredaki Greg Ryan Anna David Jute Richter Tim Van Mieghem 《黑龙江环境通报》2020,40(13):1755-1758
Even though the global COVID-19 pandemic may affect how medical care is delivered in general, most countries try to maintain steady access for women to routine pregnancy care, including fetal anomaly screening. This means that, also during this pandemic, fetal anomalies will be detected, and that discussions regarding invasive genetic testing and possibly fetal therapy will need to take place. For patients, concerns about Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus 2 will add to the anxiety caused by the diagnosis of a serious fetal anomaly. Yet, also for fetal medicine teams the situation gets more complex as they must weigh up the risks and benefits to the fetus as well as the mother, while managing a changing evidence base and logistic challenges in their healthcare system. 相似文献
283.
Habitat-forming organisms often determine the structural properties and food resources available to a wide diversity of associated
mobile species. Sessile invertebrate assemblages on marine hard substrates support an abundant fauna of mobile invertebrates
whose associations with traits of their host assemblages are poorly known. To assess how changes to habitat-forming species
are likely to affect their associated mobile fauna, the relationships between abundance, diversity and composition of mobile
invertebrates and the diversity, cover and composition of the sessile assemblages they use as habitat were quantified in Sydney
Harbour, Australia (33°50′S, 151°16′E). Similar compositions of sessile species were more likely to share a similar composition
of mobile species, but univariate measures of the habitat (percent cover, species and functional diversity, prevalence of
non-indigenous species) did not predict variation in associated mobile assemblages. These results demonstrate that in this
habitat it is difficult to predict the diversity of marine assemblages based on common surrogate measures of biodiversity. 相似文献
284.
Thomas Breuer Andrew M. Robbins Claudia Olejniczak Richard J. Parnell Emma J. Stokes Martha M. Robbins 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(4):515-528
Variance in male reproductive success is expected to be high in sexually dimorphic mammals, even when it is modulated by the
costs and benefits of group living. Here, we investigate the variance in reproductive success of male western gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), a highly dimorphic primate with long-term male–female associations, using 12.5 years of data collected at Mbeli Bai in
northern Congo. Access to mates and offspring survival were both major sources of variance in male reproductive success. Males
with larger harems had lower offspring mortality with no apparent reduction in female fertility or observed tenure length,
so the size of harems did not seem to be limited by female feeding competition or by the risk of takeovers and infanticide
by outsider males. The lower mortality in larger harems may reflect improved vigilance against predators, and females may
cluster around males that enhance offspring survival. Thus, this study illustrates how a detailed analysis of the components
of male reproductive success can shed light on the interrelated social and ecological aspects that affect it. 相似文献
285.
The deep scattering layers of the North Atlantic, including the Irminger Sea, contain many predators of the key copepod species Calanus finmarchicus. Previous seasonally restricted studies have described the deep acoustic scattering layers of the Irminger Sea as ubiquitous. They have shown that the intensity of the acoustic backscatter varies across the region, and so, by implication, the potential predation pressure on C. finmarchicus also varies spatially. This paper reports observations of the distribution of epi-pelagic (0–200 m) and meso-pelagic (200–1,000 m) acoustic backscatter in the Irminger Sea, made using a scientific echosounder operating at 38 kHz during four seasonal (winter, spring and summer) cruises. Our study demonstrates that the intensity of the backscatter varies seasonally in regionally distinct ways across the Irminger Sea. The mean acoustic backscatter, both in the upper 800 m and upper 200 m of the water column, varied significantly between the northern, central and southern areas of the central basin (open ocean), and within each area between the Greenland shelf slope, open ocean and Mid-Atlantic Ridge subregions. Different patterns of seasonal change in the acoustic backscatter between the upper 800 m and upper 200 m were also seen, indicating both persistent differences in the underlying amount of backscatter in each area, and varying patterns of seasonal increase in the near surface backscatter in the different areas and subregions. These observations could be related to the different oceanographic regimes encountered in each location, and are discussed in terms of their implications for potential predation pressure on C. finmarchicus.Communicated by J.P. Thorpe, Port Erin 相似文献
286.
Ellis L. Armstrong 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1971,7(1):175-184
ABSTRACT. The Bureau of Reclamation was created to implement the Reclamation Act of 1902 and subsequent legislation to conserve and develop the water resources of the western states for maximum efficient use. This has been accomplished by the planning and construction of major multiple use projects which now supply water to approximately eight million acres of land which annually produce 52 million tons of food and fiber with a gross crop value of approximately $2 billion. Fifteen million people are served with municipal and industrial water supplies and hydroelectric power from Bureau projects now returns $160 million annually to the Treasury. Flood control, recreation, and fish and wildlife enhancement are other major benefits. The Bureau of Reclamation is now undertaking a Westwide Survey of water resources and of the needs of the future which is more far-reaching than anything heretofore accomplished. The information accumulated during this ten-year survey will determine whether there is a necessity for consideration of major interbasin transfer of water supply. 相似文献
287.
Climate adaptation planning in practice: an evaluation of adaptation plans from three developed nations 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
Benjamin?L.?PrestonEmail author Richard?M.?Westaway Emma?J.?Yuen 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2011,16(4):407-438
Formal planning for climate change adaptation is emerging rapidly at a range of geo-political scales. This first generation
of adaptation plans provides useful information regarding how institutions are framing the issue of adaptation and the range
of processes that are recognized as being part of an adaptation response. To better understand adaptation planning among developed
nations, a set of 57 adaptation plans from Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States was evaluated against a suite
of 19 planning processes identified from existing guidance instruments for adaptation planning. Total scores among evaluated
plans ranged from 16% of the maximum possible score to 61%, with an average of 37%. These results suggest adaptation plans
are largely under-developed. Critical weaknesses in adaptation planning are related to limited consideration for non-climatic
factors as well as neglect for issues of adaptive capacity including entitlements to various forms of capital needed for effective
adaptation. Such gaps in planning suggest there are opportunities for institutions to make better use of existing guidance
for adaptation planning and the need to consider the broader governance context in which adaptation will occur. In addition,
the adaptation options prescribed by adaptation plans reflect a preferential bias toward low-risk capacity-building (72% of
identified options) over the delivery of specific actions to reduce vulnerability. To the extent these findings are representative
of the state of developed nation adaptation planning, there appear to be significant deficiencies in climate change preparedness,
even among those nations often assumed to have the greatest adaptive capacity. 相似文献
288.
289.
290.
Doug P. Armstrong Rebecca L. Boulton Nikki McArthur Susanne Govella Nic Gorman Rhonda Pike Yvan Richard 《Conservation biology》2022,36(3):e13843
Declines of species in fragmented landscapes can potentially be reversed either by restoring connectivity or restoring local habitat quality. Models fitted to snapshot occupancy data can be used to predict the effectiveness of these actions. However, such inferences can be misleading if the reliability of the habitat and landscape metrics used is unknown. The only way to unambiguously resolve the roles of habitat quality and metapopulation dynamics is to conduct experimental reintroductions to unoccupied patches so that habitat quality can be measured directly from data on vital rates. We, therefore, conducted a 15-year study that involved reintroducing a threatened New Zealand bird to unoccupied forest fragments to obtain reliable data on their habitat quality and reassess initial inferences made by modeling occupancy against habitat and landscape metrics. Although reproductive rates were similar among fragments, subtle differences in adult survival rates resulted in λ (finite rate of increase) estimations of <0.9 for 9 of the 12 fragments that were previously unoccupied. This was the case for only 1 of 14 naturally occupied fragments. This variation in λ largely explained the original occupancy pattern, reversing our original conclusion from occupancy modeling that this occupancy pattern was isolation driven and suggesting that it would be detrimental to increase connectivity without improving local habitat quality. These results illustrate that inferences from snapshot occupancy should be treated with caution and subjected to testing through experimental reintroductions in selected model systems. 相似文献