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111.
From the 1980s, Mediterranean shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis desmarestii have become regular summer visitors in the Gulf of Trieste (N-E Italy), as post-breeding movements from Croatian breeding
colonies. To characterize such a recent habit and to explore diving optimality models, we investigate foraging strategies
and diving patterns at different depths, during breeding and post-breeding seasons. Behavioural data were cross-checked with
the species’ diet. Shags foraged on and close to the sea bed, with a prevalent anticipatory breathing strategy. In the Gulf
of Trieste, the shallow depths and low mobility of prey allowed shags to use just the oxygen of the respiratory tract, reducing
the physiological stress for diving. In Croatia, dive costs increased with depth and prey mobility, resulting in a higher
oxygen expenditure that involved also respiratory stores. Such ecological and physiological aspects characterize the Gulf
of Trieste as an optimal area for feeding and restoring from the costs of breeding season incurred in Croatia and could be
the basis of these post-breeding movements. 相似文献
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The Science of Nature - 相似文献
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Enrico Scoccimarro Silvio Gualdi Alessio Bellucci Matteo Zampieri Antonio Navarra 《Regional Environmental Change》2016,16(3):595-602
Possible changes in the intensity of heavy precipitation events at the end of the twenty-first century over the Euro-Mediterranean region are investigated, using a subset of numerical climate simulations taking part to the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). As a measure of the intensity associated with heavy precipitation events, we use the difference between the 99th and the 90th percentiles. Despite a slight tendency to underestimate the observed heavy precipitation intensity during summer and to overestimate it during winter, the considered CMIP5 models well represent the observed patterns of the defined 99th–90th percentile metric during both seasons for the 1997–2005 period over the Euro-Mediterranean region. Over the investigated domain, an increase of the width of the right tail of the precipitation distribution is projected in a warmer climate, even over regions where nearly the entire precipitation distribution becomes dryer. This is the case of the European domain within the 45N–55N belt. 相似文献
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Bergamaschi Roberto Monti Maria Cristina Trivelli Leonardo Mallucci Giulia Gerosa Leonardo Pisoni Enrico Montomoli Cristina 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(3):2804-2809
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Some environmental factors are associated with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Air pollution could be a main one. This study was... 相似文献
117.
Claudio Carnevale Giovanna Finzi Enrico Pisoni Marialuisa Volta 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(31):4811-4821
In order to define efficient air quality plans, Regional Authorities need suitable tools to evaluate both the impact of emission reduction strategies on pollution indexes and the costs of such emission reductions. The air quality control can be formalized as a two-objective nonlinear mathematical problem, integrating source–receptor models and the estimate of emission reduction costs. Both aspects present several complex elements. In particular the source–receptor models cannot be implemented through deterministic modelling systems, that would bring to a computationally unfeasible mathematical problem. In this paper we suggest to identify source–receptor statistical models (neural network and neuro-fuzzy) processing the simulations of a deterministic multi-phase modelling system (GAMES). The methodology has been applied to ozone and PM10 concentrations in Northern Italy. The results show that, despite a large advantage in terms of computational costs, the selected source–receptor models are able to accurately reproduce the simulation of the 3D modelling system. 相似文献
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