云南稻核心种质F2主要形态性状变异及地理生态研究

种质资源是水稻育种的重要基因来源.掌握育种材料遗传背景信息,可为发掘优异种质,选育优良性状新品种提供依据.以548份云南稻核心种和云南主栽籼稻品利慎屯502(Oryza satica)、粳稻品种合系35(Oryzasatica)配制的杂种F2(498份)为材料,采用群体遗传学的方法,研究云南稻核心种质杂种F2代的11个形态性状的综合变异系数、遗传多样性指数(Shannon指数)及其地理分布.结果表明:(1)F2存在明显的性状分化和遗传变异,以有效穗、穗颈长、穗下节长、每穗实粒数、秕粒数、总粒数和结实率的综合变异系数高,遗传多样性丰富;(2)滇西南(临沧、思茅、德宏、西双版纳)和滇东南(文山、红河)的材料在表型性状上存在更大的分化,综合变异系数高,遗传多样性丰富;保山、昭通、曲靖次之;怒江、丽江、迪庆、大理最低.     

鼎湖山格木种群动态分析

对格木(Erythrophleum fordii)种群的生态环境及生长曲线和种群动态的研究,能揭示其生态特性和种群发展轨迹,对保护、繁殖这一珍稀植物种质具有积极的意义.在对鼎湖山国家自然保护区内的格木群落物种多样性测定的基础上,以国际上通用的CTFS规范对格木群落进行野外调查.文章首次通过对格木种群运用加速单纯形迭代法,逐次把种群数量数据代入6个种群动态模型方程进行拟合分析,得出实际的格木种群动态模型,比较残差平方和、决定系数和F检验显著性概率值,得出格木种群模型的适用度顺序依次为:李新运模型、张大勇模型、宋丁全模型、logistic模型、密度制约模型、崔启武模型.选用李新运模型,确定格木种群大小初始值的精确值N0后,把数据迭代入李新运模型重新拟合,结果显示,拟合优度进一步提高,并且可得知,该格木种群远未达到种群饱和态,而且也没达到种群增长最快处,还处于加速增长状态.故这个时期应该加大保护力度,建立监测体系,以维系格木群落的稳定发展.     

内置转盘式膜-生物反应器处理污水的工艺条件研究

对内置转盘式膜-生物反应器(SRMBR)处理污水工艺进行了研究.进水COD 160～368 mg/L时,出水COD在运行1d后降低到20 mg/L以下,去除率大于90%;转盘式膜组件的转速在0～25 r/min范围内,平衡膜通量随转速增大而快速增加,继续增大转速则平衡膜通量的增加变得不显著;在一定范围(0～1min)内延长停抽时间有助于缓解膜污染;SRMBR在较低的气水比(15∶1)下运行,也可达到较高的平衡膜通量.研究表明,SRMBR在最佳组合操作条件(转速为25r/min,抽/停为9min/1min,气水比为15∶1,抽吸压力为25kPa)下运行,其平衡膜通量高达53.75L/(m²·h).     

不同硝/铵比值对小麦幼苗根系释放氢氧根的影响

为研发酸化土壤的生物修复技术,采用水培试验和自动电位滴定装置研究酸性条件下氮素形态对小麦幼苗根系释放氢氧根及培养液pH变化的影响。结果表明,小麦幼苗在初始pH值为4.0,n(NO3-)∶n(NH4+)比值(以下简称硝/铵比)分别为15∶1、3∶1和1∶1的营养液中培养6 d后营养液pH升高,且增幅随硝/铵比的增加而增大,小麦对硝态氮的吸收量和氢氧根释放量呈相同的变化趋势,说明小麦对硝态氮的吸收偏好导致根系释放氢氧根,进而使得培养液pH升高。小麦幼苗在硝/铵比为3∶1,初始pH值分别为4.0、4.5和5.0的营养液中培养6d后,培养液pH和氢氧根释放量的增幅随初始pH的升高而降低,说明低pH条件有利于小麦幼苗对硝态氮的吸收,可促进小麦根系释放更多的氢氧根。10 h的恒定pH试验结果表明,恒定pH条件下小麦根系释放的氢氧根数量大于非恒定pH条件,且硝态氮比例越大,差值越大。因此,可以根据小麦在酸性条件下对硝态氮的吸收偏好建立酸化土壤的生物修复方法,即调节硝态氮含量以加大小麦根系的氢氧根释放量,进而提高土壤pH。     

塔里木油田库尔勒生活基地生活垃圾处理现状与对策探讨

对塔里木油田库尔勒生活基地生活垃圾的处理现状和主要构成进行调查后,结合所在城市生活垃圾的处理方式,提出库尔勒生活基地生活垃圾"分类收集与回收利用"的途径,分析了实施中可能存在的问题,探讨了具体的对策,强调要从加强环保宣传、明确管理部门责任、完善回收设施、采用半市场化处理的对策思路。     

Detailed Ecological Footprint Accounting of Liaoning in 2006

Abstract

Ecological footprint (EF) has received considerable attention as a useful indicator in the context of sustainable development. So far, EF has been used in numerous studies by academies, organizations and government authorities. However, the results of these studies failed to be comparable directly with each other due to imprecise data sets, unmodified accounting methods of pasture and fossil energy, ignored secondary products, undefined process of calculating yield factors and improper biocapacity for biodiversity. In this paper, we elaborated on EF estimating methods from six categories of consumption in order to overcome the limitations above. We adopted precise data and revised methods, calculated EF of some secondary products, introduced weighted factor to calculate yield factors and adjusted biocapacity by an appropriate amount. Meanwhile, we investigated the resource consumption of Liaoning Province in 2006 to assess EF. Its results showed that Liaoning Province overused its natural capital and was in an unsustainable state. We concluded that two specific problems that had arisen in EF assessment and gave some suggestions for Liaoning Province to improve its unsustainable state.     

Cultural Relevance for Rural Community Development in China: A Case Study in Bai, Jingpo and Huyaodai Communities of Yunnan Province

A three-year study over the Bai, Jingpo and Huayaodai communities in Yunnan Province reveals that the community development is significantly influenced in various ways by such cultural factors as the concepts of development; concepts and traditions of inter-community relationships, consumption, mar- riage and gender; patterns of decision-making and production, resource and income allocation; as well as the role of information dissemination systems, religion and ritual. Based on the analysis over the interactive relevance between each factor and community development, some strategies and methods for dealing with such a cultural relevance in development projects are recommended.     

Externalities, Floating Population and Spatial Agglomeration

With the further development of socialist market economy, the mobility of factor markets in China, especially the labor market, is strengthened. Externalities interacts with the agglomeration of productive factors. Under the framework of new economic geography, this article presents a theoretical model involving the endogenous population density affected by urban externalities. Results show that the population density is more concentrated around the center because the degree and extent of interaction between individuals intensifies when the distance from the center decreases. When there are several externalities resources, the aggregation of externalities changes the configuration of spatial factor allocation. These results fit well with the empirical facts about the decreasing density of floating population along the cities of Guangzhou, Dongguan and Shenzhen in Guangdong Province which is situated in the eastern coast of the Pearl River Delta. We fred that under the impacts of externalities released from Hong Kong into the coast, floating population was more concentrated around Shenzhen and Dongguan, which are more adjacent to Hong Kong compared with Guangzhou City.     

Detailed Ecological Footprint Accounting of Liaoning in 2006

Ecological footprint （EF） has received considerable attention as a useful indicator in the context of sustainable development. So far, EF has been used in numerous studies by academies, organizations and government authorities. However, the results of these studies failed to be comparable directly with each other due to imprecise data sets, unmodified accounting methods of pasture and fossil energy, ignored secondary products, undefined process Of calculating yield factors and improper biocapacity for biodiversity. In this paper, we elaborated on EF estimating methods from six categories of consumption in order to overcome the limitations above. We adopted precise data and revised methods, calculated EF of some secondary products, introduced weighted factor to calculate yield factors and adjusted biocapacity by an appropriate amount. Meanwhile, we investigated the resource consumption of Liaoning Province in 2006 to assess EF. Its results showed that Liaoning Province overused its natural capital and was in an unsustainable state. We concluded that two specific problems that had arisen in EF assessment and gave some suggestions for Liaoning Province to improve its unsustainable state.