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911.
Yonghua Yang Eric R. Allen 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(11):1315-1321
The kinetics of H2S oxidation in a biofilter were evaluated and the reaction rates determined to be first-order at low concentrations (<200 ppm), zero-order at high concentrations (>400 ppm), and fractional-order in the intermediate concentration range for H2S in the inlet waste gas. The overall performance of the biofilter system and changes in compost properties were investigated for 200 days of operation. The compost biofiiter showed good buffering capacities to variations in gas flow rate and pollutant (H2S) loading impacts. Hydrogen sulfide removal efficiencies exceeding 99.9% were consistently observed. System acidification and sulfate accumulation were identified as inhibitors of required biological activity. Routine washing of the compost effectively mitigated these deficiencies. System upset was determined to be caused by compost dry-out or system overloading. Methods were developed to provide for recovery of contaminated filter material. 相似文献
912.
Jeng-Chung Chen Wei-Hsin Chen Eric Davila Cheng-Hsien Tsai 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(9):1356-1366
Abstract Conflicting goals affecting solid waste management are explored in this paper to find the best implementation of resource recovery with a small-scale waste-to-energy process. Recycling paper and plastic material often leaves a shortage of thermal energy to support incineration that forces operators to supplement the process with auxiliary fuels. Although there are considerable profits to be made from material recovery, the increase of fuel usage causes conflict given that it is cost prohibitive. A series of trials performed on a small-scale 1.5-t/day incineration plant with a cyclone heat recovery system found that material recycling can impede performance. Experimental results are expressed as empirical regression formulas with regard to combustion temperature, energy transfer, and heat recovery. Process optimization is possible if the waste moisture content remains <30%. To test the robustness of the optimization analysis, a series of sensitivity analyses clarify the extent of material recycling needed with regard to plastic, paper, and metal. The experiments also test whether the moisture in the waste would decrease when recycling paper because of its exceptional capacity to absorb moisture. Results show that recycling paper is strongly recommended when the moisture content is >20%, whereas plastic recycling is not necessary at that moisture condition. Notably, plastic recovery reduces the heat needed to vaporize the water content of the solid waste, thus it is recommended only when the moisture content is <10%. For above-normal incineration temperatures, plastic recycling is encouraged, because it removes excess energy. Metal is confirmed as an overall priority in material recycling regardless of the moisture content of the incoming waste. 相似文献
913.
Dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) present in the subsurface may contain surface active compounds that impact DNAPL migration and distribution. While a number of studies have revealed the role surface active compounds play in altering the wettability of quartz sand, few have considered the implications for other minerals common to contaminated sites. This study extends understanding of DNAPL/surfactant wettability to iron oxide surfaces. Specifically, quartz and iron oxide-coated sands in a tetrachloroethene (PCE)/water system containing the organic base (an organic molecule that acts as a base) dodecylamine (DDA) were compared at a variety of scales. Wettability of the minerals' surfaces, and the impact of wettability on capillary resistance to DNAPL entry, were assessed as a function of pH through: (i) advancing and receding contact angles, (ii) primary drainage capillary pressure-saturation experiments, and (iii) small, two-dimensional, flow cell experiments. The work revealed that, at neutral pH and under identical boundary capillary pressures, DNAPL invaded quartz sand but not iron oxide-coated sand; however, at low pH, DNAPL invaded both sands equally. These differences were demonstrated to be due to wettability alterations associated with the strength of attractive forces between DDA and the mineral surface, dictated by the isolectric point of the minerals and system pH. Observed differences in DNAPL invasion behavior were consistent with measured intrinsic contact angles and P(c)-S relationships, the latter requiring scaling by the operative contact angle inside the porous medium for a meaningful comparison. This study suggests that the distribution of minerals (and, more specifically, their isoelectric points), as well as the aqueous phase pH at a given site, may have a significant impact on the DNAPL source zone architecture. 相似文献
914.
Dominic Muenzel Kay Critchell Courtney Cox Stuart J. Campbell Raymond Jakub Wahid Suherfian La Sara Iliana Chollett Eric A. Treml Maria Beger 《Conservation biology》2023,37(3):e14038
Larval dispersal connectivity is typically integrated into spatial conservation decisions at regional or national scales, but implementing agencies struggle with translating these methods to local scales. We used larval dispersal connectivity at regional (hundreds of kilometers) and local (tens of kilometers) scales to aid in design of networks of no-take reserves in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. We used Marxan with Connectivity informed by biophysical larval dispersal models and remotely sensed coral reef habitat data to design marine reserve networks for 4 commercially important reef species across the region. We complemented regional spatial prioritization with decision trees that combined network-based connectivity metrics and habitat quality to design reserve boundaries locally. Decision trees were used in consensus-based workshops with stakeholders to qualitatively assess site desirability, and Marxan was used to identify areas for subsequent network expansion. Priority areas for protection and expected benefits differed among species, with little overlap in reserve network solutions. Because reef quality varied considerably across reefs, we suggest reef degradation must inform the interpretation of larval dispersal patterns and the conservation benefits achievable from protecting reefs. Our methods can be readily applied by conservation practitioners, in this region and elsewhere, to integrate connectivity data across multiple spatial scales. 相似文献
915.
Gu Zhaolin Han Jie Zhang Liyuan Wang Hongliang Luo Xilian Meng Xiangzhao Zhang Yue Niu Xinyi Lan Yang Wu Shaowei Cao Junji Lichtfouse Eric 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(2):725-739
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Policies and measures to control pandemics are often failing. While biological factors controlling transmission are usually well explored, little is known about... 相似文献
916.
Environmental Chemistry Letters - 相似文献
917.
Osman Ahmed I. Fawzy Samer Lichtfouse Eric Rooney David W. 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(6):3041-3044
Environmental Chemistry Letters - 相似文献
918.
Thomas M. Crea Kerri Evans Robert G. Hasson III Sarah Neville Kelsey Werner Elizabeth Wanjiku Nobert Okumu Gregory St. Arnold Eric Velandria Daniela Bruni 《Disasters》2023,47(1):99-113
Children in refugee camps, and particularly those with disabilities, face unique challenges in accessing education and are at high risk of being marginalised. Best practices suggest that main-streaming is the optimal strategy for serving students with disabilities. This study examines the extent to which mainstreaming in a refugee camp helps to promote children's prosocial behaviours, taking into account their emotional and behavioural problems. In Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya, researchers collected data from the parents of children currently enrolled in special needs education centres (n=65) and from those formerly enrolled at these facilities who transitioned to mainstream classrooms (n=81). Children in mainstream schools functioned better in terms of prosocial behaviours, but this relationship disappeared when factoring in children's emotional and behavioural difficulties. In the context of a refugee camp, mainstreaming alone is not likely to help children's psychosocial and educational functioning, which requires dedicated supports, appropriate facilities and infrastructure, and a dual focus on disability-specific and disability-inclusive initiatives. 相似文献
919.
Predictors of submitting suggestions and their quality were studied in a Dutch company with a well‐developed suggestion system (n=207 blue collar workers). A model with person variables (initiative at work, higher order need strength, control aspirations, and interest in work innovation), work characteristics (control and complexity), motives (better work, reward), self‐efficacy, and system factors (system inhibitors, system responsiveness, and supervisor support) was developed and tested. They are related to the three process variables, deemed to be important in making a suggestion: having ideas, submitting suggestions and quality of the suggestions. A path analysis revealed that the most important factors related to these process variables were initiative at work, higher order need strength, self‐efficacy, expected improvements in work and suggestion inhibitors (negatively). Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
920.
Eric Gyimah Osei Akoto John Kenneth Mensah Nesta Bortey-Sam 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(9):553
The Barekese reservoir has seen persistent degradation for decades through anthropogenic activities within its catchment. In spite of this, heavy metal pollution profile of fish species of the reservoir is not well studied. Total concentrations of Hg, Cd, Ni, and Cr were analyzed in muscle tissues of 45 edible fish species comprising (Tilapia zilli, Oreochromis niloticus, and Heterotis niloticus) from the reservoir. The examined fish species showed varying bioaccumulative factors for detected metals. A PCA biplot revealed that Cd showed association with all examined fish species used in the study indicating that Cd in the reservoir is biologically available for uptake by all examined fish species. A dendrogram of cluster analysis also revealed that Cd and Cr are in one cluster indicating their associations and similarities to a common anthropogenic source. The study suggests that anthropogenic activities are possible sources of heavy metal pollution in the Barekese reservoir and, hence, the examined fish species could be used to monitor the levels of Ni, Cr, Hg, and Cd in the reservoir. 相似文献