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101.
Elisabeth Simelton Evan D.G. Fraser Mette Termansen Piers M. Forster Andrew J. Dougill 《Environmental Science & Policy》2009,12(4):438-452
Why is it that sometimes small droughts trigger serious crop losses while in other cases even large droughts do not have such a major effect? In this paper, we identify socio-economic indicators associated with sensitivity and resilience to drought for each of China's main grain crops (rice, wheat and corn). Provincial harvest and rainfall data (1961–2001) are used to calculate an annual “crop-drought vulnerability index”. We separate “sensitive cases” (where significant harvest losses occurred in years with only minor droughts) and “resilient cases” (where harvest losses were minimal despite there being a major drought) and explore the socio-economic characteristics of these different situations. Results show that sensitive cases were particularly common in economically poor landlocked provinces and in wealthy coastal areas that have a limited land base. In such “sensitive cases”, the size of the rural population and the quantity of agricultural inputs were negatively correlated with drought vulnerability, while for resilient cases, vulnerability was negatively correlated with the abundance of land. This leads us to propose a series of drought-vulnerability typologies based on the extent to which land, labour, capital, agricultural technology, and infrastructure buffer or exacerbate the effect of a drought event. 相似文献
102.
Socio-economic impacts of climate change on rural United States 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
Pankaj Lal Janaki R. R. Alavalapati Evan D. Mercer 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2011,16(7):819-844
Directly or indirectly, positively or negatively, climate change will affect all sectors and regions of the United States.
The impacts, however, will not be homogenous across regions, sectors, population groups or time. The literature specifically
related to how climate change will affect rural communities, their resilience, and adaptive capacity in the United States
(U.S.) is scarce. This article bridges this knowledge gap through an extensive review of the current state of knowledge to
make inferences about the rural communities vulnerability to climate change based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC) scenarios. Our analysis shows that rural communities tend to be more vulnerable than their urban counterparts due to
factors such as demography, occupations, earnings, literacy, poverty incidence, and dependency on government funds. Climate
change impacts on rural communities differs across regions and economic sectors; some will likely benefit while others lose.
Rural communities engaged in agricultural and forest related activities in the Northeast might benefit, while those in the
Southwest and Southeast could face additional water stress and increased energy cost respectively. Developing adaptation and
mitigation policy options geared towards reducing climatic vulnerability of rural communities is warranted. A set of regional
and local studies is needed to delineate climate change impacts across rural and urban communities, and to develop appropriate
policies to mitigate these impacts. Integrating research across disciplines, strengthening research-policy linkages, integrating
ecosystem services while undertaking resource valuation, and expanding alternative energy sources, might also enhance coping
capacity of rural communities in face of future climate change. 相似文献