Behavior of dialifor, dimethoate, and methidathion in artificially fortified grape juice processed into wine.

Dialifor and methidathion were added to diluted "Zinfandel" grape concentrate at 25 ppm and dimethoate at 1.0 and 25 ppm prior to fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The finished wine 56 days later contained 10% (2.5 ppm) of the dialifor, 46% (12 ppm) of the methidathion and 85% (21 and 0.98 ppm) of the dimethoate added to the grape must. Residues in wine stored at 24 degrees C dissipated by hydrolysis; half-lives in wine were 7 days for dialifor and methidathion and 30 days for dimethoate. Residues were unchanged in wine in frozen storage for one year. Analysis of seven commercial wines for dimethoate indicated less than 0.03 ppm dimethoate was present; identity could not be confirmed by thin-layer chromatography at this level.     

Book reviews

URBANIZATION AND COMMUNITY BUILDING IN MODERN NORWAY

J. S. Tortenson, M. F. Metcalfe, T. F. Rasmussen

Urbana Press, Oslo 1985. 312 pp., figs and tables.

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY

R. Riddell

Gower, 1985. £18.50

REVIEW OF SERVICE INDUSTRIES: A GEOGRAPHICAL APPRAISAL

P. W. Daniels

Methuen, 1985. £27.50.

ARABIC‐ISLAMIC CITIES: BUILDING AND PLANNING PRINCIPLES

Besim Selim Hakim

KPI Ltd., London, 1986. pp. 192. £46 (h/b)

FIFTY YEARS OF LANDSCAPE DESIGN

Sheila Harvey and Stephen Rettig

The Landscape Press, 1985. £12.50

CAPABILITY BROWN AND THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY ENGLISH LANDSCAPE

Roger Turner

Weidenfeld & Nicholson. £16.95.     

Limiting the environmental impact of animal production odors

Odors emananting from animal production facilities are the primary environmental cause for complaint resulting in great corrective expense and, in many instances, facility closure. The current state-of-the-art of odor control technology ranges from intensive waste management and good housekeeping practices to chemical treatment and facility isolation. These controls at best only limit the generation and/or quality of animal production odors. The most effective odor limiting technologies are the most cost intensive. Therefore, methods used are dependent upon the seriousness of the situation and the cost-benefit that may be derived from their use.Original facility design and site selection consideration are of great importance to the existence of confined animal feeding enterprises with a non-farm population which is encroaching at increasing rates into rural areas. Land use planning and zoning restrictions for agricultural/animal feeding purposes may well be the ultimate odor control tool of the future for newly instituted facilities. Extensive basic and applied research is required to provide adequate technology for use by existing facilities.     

Zur Ursache,Form und Chemie der Gallensteine

Gallstones are precipitations of oversaturated bile fluid. They can develop in the gallbladder and in the efferent bile ducts; they are very often correlated with diseases of the gallbladder, bile ducts and neighboring organs. The gallstone disease (cholelithiasis) is increasing continually, especially in developed countries with overcaloric nourished population. Surgical interventions on the biliary tract are the most frequent abdominal operations at present.