全文获取类型
收费全文 | 16473篇 |
免费 | 79篇 |
国内免费 | 83篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 283篇 |
废物处理 | 761篇 |
环保管理 | 2151篇 |
综合类 | 2928篇 |
基础理论 | 4436篇 |
环境理论 | 5篇 |
污染及防治 | 3525篇 |
评价与监测 | 1068篇 |
社会与环境 | 1423篇 |
灾害及防治 | 55篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 91篇 |
2021年 | 97篇 |
2019年 | 69篇 |
2018年 | 691篇 |
2017年 | 649篇 |
2016年 | 641篇 |
2015年 | 221篇 |
2014年 | 248篇 |
2013年 | 822篇 |
2012年 | 514篇 |
2011年 | 1150篇 |
2010年 | 750篇 |
2009年 | 846篇 |
2008年 | 1030篇 |
2007年 | 1299篇 |
2006年 | 431篇 |
2005年 | 438篇 |
2004年 | 396篇 |
2003年 | 470篇 |
2002年 | 464篇 |
2001年 | 440篇 |
2000年 | 322篇 |
1999年 | 210篇 |
1998年 | 137篇 |
1997年 | 123篇 |
1996年 | 108篇 |
1995年 | 154篇 |
1994年 | 148篇 |
1993年 | 123篇 |
1992年 | 130篇 |
1991年 | 149篇 |
1990年 | 119篇 |
1989年 | 127篇 |
1988年 | 132篇 |
1987年 | 114篇 |
1986年 | 83篇 |
1985年 | 99篇 |
1984年 | 134篇 |
1983年 | 128篇 |
1982年 | 123篇 |
1981年 | 97篇 |
1980年 | 93篇 |
1979年 | 106篇 |
1978年 | 89篇 |
1977年 | 84篇 |
1976年 | 78篇 |
1975年 | 90篇 |
1974年 | 101篇 |
1972年 | 69篇 |
1965年 | 74篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
941.
Damon M. Hall Andrea Feldpausch-Parker Tarla Rai Peterson Jennie C. Stephens Elizabeth J. Wilson 《Sustainability Science》2017,12(3):381-392
Sustainability science is a solution-oriented discipline. Yet, there are few theory-rich discussions about how this orientation structures the efforts of sustainability science. We argue that Niklas Luhmann’s social system theory, which explains how societies communicate problems, conceptualize solutions, and identify pathways towards implementation of solutions, is valuable in explaining the general structure of sustainability science. From Luhmann, we focus on two key concepts. First, his notion of resonance offers us a way to account for how sustainability science has attended and responded to environmental risks. As a product of resonance, we reveal solution-oriented research as the strategic coordination of capacities, resources, and information. Second, Luhmann’s interests in self-organizing processes explain how sustainability science can simultaneously advance multiple innovations. The value logic that supports this multiplicity of self-organizing activities as a recognition that human and natural systems are complex coupled and mutually influencing. To give form to this theoretical framework, we offer case evidence of renewable energy policy formation in Texas. Although the state’s wealth is rooted in a fossil-fuel heritage, Texas generates more electricity from wind than any US state. It is politically antagonistic towards climate-change policy, yet the state’s reception of wind energy technology illustrates how social and environmental systems can be strategically aligned to generate solutions that address diverse needs simultaneously. This case demonstrates that isolating climate change—as politicians do as a separate and discrete problem—is incapable of achieving sustainable solutions, and resonance offers researchers a framework for conceptualizing, designing, and communicating meaningfully integrated actions. 相似文献
942.
Jonathan M. H. Green Gemma R. Cranston William J. Sutherland Hannah R. Tranter Sarah J. Bell Tim G. Benton Eva Blixt Colm Bowe Sarah Broadley Andrew Brown Chris Brown Neil Burns David Butler Hannah Collins Helen Crowley Justin DeKoszmovszky Les G. Firbank Brett Fulford Toby A. Gardner Rosemary S. Hails Sharla Halvorson Michael Jack Ben Kerrison Lenny S. C. Koh Steven C. Lang Emily J. McKenzie Pablo Monsivais Timothy O’Riordan Jeremy Osborn Stephen Oswald Emma Price Thomas David Raffaelli Belinda Reyers Jagjit S. Srai Bernardo B. N. Strassburg David Webster Ruth Welters Gail Whiteman James Wilsdon Bhaskar Vira 《Sustainability Science》2017,12(2):319-331
Delivering access to sufficient food, energy and water resources to ensure human wellbeing is a major concern for governments worldwide. However, it is crucial to account for the ‘nexus’ of interactions between these natural resources and the consequent implications for human wellbeing. The private sector has a critical role in driving positive change towards more sustainable nexus management and could reap considerable benefits from collaboration with researchers to devise solutions to some of the foremost sustainability challenges of today. Yet opportunities are missed because the private sector is rarely involved in the formulation of deliverable research priorities. We convened senior research scientists and influential business leaders to collaboratively identify the top forty questions that, if answered, would best help companies understand and manage their food-energy-water-environment nexus dependencies and impacts. Codification of the top order nexus themes highlighted research priorities around development of pragmatic yet credible tools that allow businesses to incorporate nexus interactions into their decision-making; demonstration of the business case for more sustainable nexus management; identification of the most effective levers for behaviour change; and understanding incentives or circumstances that allow individuals and businesses to take a leadership stance. Greater investment in the complex but productive relations between the private sector and research community will create deeper and more meaningful collaboration and cooperation. 相似文献
943.
Azita H. Moghaddam Catherine N. Mulligan 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(3):1008-1016
The objective of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of producing ethanol from CCA-treated wood that is highly leachable. Following the initial tests, CCA-treated wood was hydrolysed and fermented and the results showed not only that ethanol was produced during the fermentation process but that metals were taken up by the yeast. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure tests of the hydrolysed wood leached less than 4 mg/L of As while minimal amounts of Cr and Cu remained in the hydrolysed wood which makes landfilling of hydrolysed wood acceptable and less hazardous. A slightly lower amount of ethanol from CCA-treated than untreated wood was produced (6 and 7 g/L, respectively). In general, it suggests that production of ethanol as a source of energy from a hazardous waste (CCA-treated wood) is feasible. 相似文献
944.
Mohammad Beheshtian Ardakani Taghi Ebadi S. Majdeddin Mir Mohammad Hosseini 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(3):1166-1176
This paper investigated the durability and mechanical properties of landfill leachate collection HDPE pipes which had been made of different weight percent amounts of virgin and reprocessable HDPE compounds (VC and RC). Durability is reported base on the chemical properties, obtained through oxidative induction time (OIT) and melt flow index (MFI) measurements, at the temperature of 50 °C and over a period of 12 months immersion in a synthetic leachate. Mechanical properties are also described according to tensile and pressure tests which had been conducted on the pipes samples. All of the factors were examined had been affected by the addition of RC, but for the special combination the antioxidant depletion was significantly affected by the experimental aging condition and no important changes had been observed in the other pipe properties. The results from OIT tests indicate that the rate of antioxidant depletion is reduced by an increase in the weight percent amounts of RC, during the experimental aging condition. This reduction is probably attributed to the extraction of antioxidants from RC in their recovery process. Finally, although these results are related to the particular HDPE compound, antioxidant formulation and condition examined, but it can be said that the use of clean own reprocessable material for the production of landfill leachate pipes shall be permitted without limitations. 相似文献
945.
N. Saca Al. Dimache L. R. Radu I. Iancu 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(2):623-630
Demolition wastes may be used in different civil engineering applications as road constructions, concrete, and embankments or landfill. Regardless its application, leaching tests of the waste should be carried out to assess concentrations of pollutants. Concrete, brick and mixture of concrete, bricks, tiles and ceramics wastes were subject to percolation test—CEN/TS 14405, and batch test—SR EN 12457. The leachates were analyzed with respect to concentration of inorganic elements—arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, lead, selenium, zinc, fluoride, chloride and sulfate, and organic compounds (phenol index). The concentrations of elements in leachates were compared with the limit values of European regulation for the acceptance of inert wastes at landfills. Generally, the releases of inorganic species in leachates were below limits values. Some waste leachates obtained by percolation and batch test had high values for phenol index. 相似文献
946.
A. Vignesh Arun. S. Siddarth B. Ramesh Babu 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(1):155-162
This contribution reports a novel and cost efficient strategy for nickel ion removal from metal finishing effluents by electro-dissolution of scrap aluminium and iron sacrificial anodes. Electro-coagulation of effluent was carried out at 30 mA/cm2 current density for 60 min. The nickel ion concentration of electroplating effluent was analysed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. SEM images of iron and aluminium scrap anodes were critically analysed. Parameters such as heavy metal removal, anode dissolution rate with respect to heavy metal removal, reaction kinetics and cost estimation have been elaborately studied. Electro-coagulation at 30 mA/cm2 for 60 min using iron and aluminium scrap anodes resulted in 95.9 and 94.1 % nickel ion reduction, respectively, with 0.0094 and 0.0053 g/ppm dissolution rates. The energy consumption for scrap aluminium and iron anodes was 0.0547 kWh/L. Loose internal bonding and spongy surface morphology of used metal scrap render high porosity and active surface area, enhancing reaction rate. Low cost and ready availability of waste scrap makes the process of electro-coagulation economically viable. Thus, the findings from this contribution point decisively at the superiority of waste metal scrap-based anodes for economic and environmentally sustainable heavy metal ion removal from metal finishing effluent. 相似文献
947.
Caught Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Reducing Shoreline Remediation Safety Hazards by Taking a Safety‐Based Approach to Fuel and Oil Spill Cleanup 下载免费PDF全文
Turlough F. Guerin 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2017,27(2):99-110
Fuel spills onto land or a hardstand area is one thing. Losing several metric tonnes of fuel onto an inaccessible rock batter that is in proximity to the open ocean is entirely different. The upshot of such loss of containment events need not be the disaster that an initial cursory assessment would have you think. By looking through a safety lens, this article demonstrates how developing a realistic model of the resulting contamination can help navigate an effective remediation program that meets the expectations of multiple stakeholders. Further, the mine where the spill occurred was able to continue using the impacted loading facility, therefore, enabling business continuity. ©2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
948.
Starch-based composite films have been proposed as food packaging. In this context, the study of non-conventional starch sources (sagu, Canna edulis Kerr) has worldwide special attention, because these materials can impart different properties as carbohydrate polymers. A thorough study of the matrices used (sagu starch and flour) was carried out. In the same way, thermoplastic starch (TPS)/PCL blend and thermoplastic flour (TFS)/PCL blend were obtained by melt mixing followed by compression moulding containing glycerol as plasticizer. In this study, chemical composition of the matrices and their properties were related with the properties of the developed films. Moisture content, water solubility, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and mechanical and microstructural properties were evaluated in the films. Taking into account the results, the sagu flour has great potential as starchy source for food packaging applications. However, concretely the flour had lower compatibility with the PCL compared to the starch/PCL blend. 相似文献
949.
Rudi Dungani Abdulwahab F. Owolabi Chaturbhuj K. Saurabh H. P. S. Abdul Khalil Paridah M. Tahir C. I. C. M. Hazwan Kamoldeen A. Ajijolakewu M. M. Masri E. Rosamah P. Aditiawati 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2017,25(3):692-700
The objective of this work was to isolate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) from oil palm fronds (Elaeis guineensis) and its subsequent characterization. Isolation involves sodium hydroxide/anthraquinone pulping with mechanical refining followed by total chlorine free bleaching (includes oxygen delignification, hydrogen peroxide oxidation and peracetic acid treatment) before acid hydrolysis. Bleaching significantly decreased kappa number and increased α-cellulose percentage of fibers as confirmed by Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry standards. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis revealed that acid hydrolysis along with bleaching improved crystallinity index and thermal stability of the extracted nanocrystals. It was observed that CNC maintained its cellulose 1 polymorph despite hydrolysis treatment. Mean diameter as observed by TEM and average fiber aspect ratio of obtained CNC was 7.44 ± 0.17 nm and 16.53 ± 3.52, respectively making it suitable as a reinforcing material for nanocomposite. 相似文献
950.
The present study aimed to optimize the pellets formulation (deoiled rice bran, potato peel powder and plasticizers) for the development of the injection molded pots. The maximum hardness and bulk density (desirable responses) were obtained for pellets having 100 g of deoiled rice bran, 100 g potato peel powder and 14 % of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) as well as 14 % of glycerol (GL) (on raw material basis). The optimized pellets and the pots developed from them were characterized for their physico-chemical, functional, rheological and morphological properties. Expansion ratio, pellet durability index and hardness of the pellets with 14 % CNSL were found to be 1.097, 98.647 % and 485.551 N, respectively. For pellets with 14 % GL expansion ratio, pellet durability index and hardness were found to be 1.150, 97.747 % and 462.949 N, respectively. The biodegradation analysis of the pots developed from optimized pellets with 14 % CNSL and GL degraded in 11 and 9 weeks, respectively. Porosity, puncture force, density and hardness of ‘AP’ pots were 27.473 %, 495.731 N, 1.549 g/ml and 542.641 N, respectively. However, for ‘BP’ pots, the porosity, puncture force, density and hardness were 32.548 %, 440.149 N, 1.191 g/ml and 507.841 N, respectively. Pots prepared from 14 % CNSL (AP) were better in physical and mechanical properties as compared to pots developed from glycerol. 相似文献