锑的淡水水质基准及其对我国水质标准的启示

针对我国锑水生生物水质基准缺乏的问题，收集筛选了锑对淡水水生生物的急性和慢性毒性数据，使用评价因子法、毒性百分数排序法和物种敏感度分布法分别推导我国锑的淡水水质基准，通过综合分析和比较，选择物种敏感度分布法推导的急性和慢性的水质基准值（466.62μg/L和88.71μg/L）作为最终的基准推荐值.通过与国内外现有锑相关水质标准进行比较，提出在我国相关水质标准修订中分别制定保护水生生物和人体健康水质标准的建议，避免水质标准对水生生物的"过保护"问题.     

中国能源的现状

研究中国能源的现状，其中主要包括能源储量和能源生产以煤为主；石油和天然气在能源构成中的比例低下；煤炭储量可观，但品质不高；能源生产增长迅速；能源短缺。尤其是清洁能源短缺，清洁能源危机将会长期存在。我国如此的能源现状已造成大气环境煤烟型严重污染。我国从石油输出国已变成石油进口国，我国半个多世纪以来实施的“能源自给政策”急需调整。采用洁净煤技术开发利用清洁能源，确保经济在持续迅速发展的同时，我国大气环境免遭污染，即经济发展和大气环境保护双赢。     

煤矿环境污染评价及“三废”资源化探讨

煤矿对生态环境的污染与破坏日益严重，已成为当前我国环境保护面临的重要问题之一。文中阐述了煤矿对生态环境的污染问题，探讨了煤矿环境污染评价指标。分析了煤矿“三废”（即矿井水、瓦斯、煤矸石）的资源化问题，指出煤矿企业需加大在环境保护方面的投入，通过提高对“三废”的综合利用，逐步迭到循环经济的生产模式，在解决煤矿环境污染问题的同时取得良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

戴明循环理论在规划环评工作程序中的应用初探

通过分析现阶段我国规划环评的现状和存在的问题,结合国内外规划环评及其工作程序的研究成果,提出使用戴明循环理论对现阶段的规划环评工作程序进行改进,使程序层次化、工作细分化,增强整个规划环评工作的可操作性,使规划环评工作落实到单位和人,明确责任,减少部门间冲突.戴明循环理论的引入,提高规划环评的评价效果和效率,为规划环评提供了一个有效科学的评价方法,有助于规划环评的顺利开展,使环境问题从源头上得到控制,适应建设和谐社会的需要.     

循环序批式活性污泥反应器的调试及运行

介绍了循环序批式活性污泥反应器的工艺流程及设计参数、调试和运行情况,分析探讨了系统运行中出现的一些问题。稳定运行期间的检测结果表明,反应器对COD和NH3-N具有较好的去除效果,平均去除率分别达到86.2%和92.1%,但对TP的去除率有待提高。     

Fulvic acid removal by nanoparticle TiO2 using a submerged membrane photocatalysis reactor

The degradation of fulvic acid（FA） by nanoparticle TiO2 in a submerged membrane photocatalysis（SMPC） reactor was studied. In this reactor, photocatalytic oxidation and membrane separation co-occured. The continuous air supplier provided O2 for the photocatalytical reaction and mixed the solution through an airflow controller. The particle TiO2 could automatically settle due to gravity without particle agglomeration so it could be easily separated by microfiltration（MF） membrane. It was efficient to maintain high flux of membranes. The effects of operational parameters on the photocatalytic oxidation rate of FA were investigated. Results indicated that photocatalyst at 0.5 g/L and airflow at 0.06 m^3/h were the optimum condition for the removal of fulvic acid, the removal efficiency was higher in acid media than that in alkaline media. The effects of different filtration duration on permeate flux rate of MF with P25 powder and with nanoparticle TiO2 were compared. Experimental results indicated that the permeate flux rate of MF was improved and the membrane fouling phenomenon was reduced with the addition of nanoparticle TiO2 catalyst compared with conventional P25 powder. Therefore, this submerged membrane photocatalysis reactor can faciliate potential application of photocatalytic oxidation process in drinking water treatment.     

上海市沿海滩涂土地资源圈围与潮滩发育演变分析

上海市62%的土地是近2 000 年来长江来沙堆积而成, 尤其近50 余年来, 采用围垦-促 淤-围垦等有效的拦沙造地方式, 圈围滩涂1.01×105hm2, 为缓解上海城市发展所需的土地资源紧 缺、促进工农业发展和城市基本建设发挥了巨大的作用。论文将GIS 平台获取大量滩涂变化的基本 数据和长期现场观测资料相结合, 总结并提出: 充分利用长江来沙资源, 采用中高潮滩种青和工程 促淤拦沙圈围方法, 可加速潮滩淤涨发育和滩涂土地资源增长, 而低滩工程促淤虽然不利于潮滩地 形快速恢复, 但可快速获得大片土地资源。因而, 保证了50 余年来上海市在圈围土地与基本保持沿 海潮滩湿地面积总量变幅较少方面取得双赢效果。     

遥感资料在青海草地资源监测及评价中的应用研究

利用EOS/MODIS、NOAA/AVHRR卫星遥感监测的植被指数(NDVI)、地面定点监测的实际地上牧草产量资料,依据卫星遥感监测原理,在点和面上研究、建立了植被指数与牧草产量之间的关系模式,给出了草地资源卫星遥感监测和评价方法。监测和评价结果显示:2004年青海省草地资源从东南部向西北部逐渐递减,产量最高区处于黄南州南部和果洛州东南部,最低区处于西北部的柴达木盆地,近20年来天然草地资源的分布规律没有发生变化,但草地生产力在逐步下降,草地资源在逐年减少,仅果洛州全州平均牧草产量比1986年下降了4.04%,牧草总量减少85.10×104t,理论载畜量减少了63.11×104只绵羊单位;暖干旱化的气候变化趋势是造成青海省天然草地生产力下降、呈现退化趋势的主要原因。     

广州市大气可吸入颗粒物(PM10)中多环芳烃的季节变化

采集广州五山、荔湾(2002-06-12～2003-06-31)2个采样点共112个PM10样品进行了GC/MS分析,结果表明2采样点全年多环芳烃浓度范围为8.11～106.26 ng·m-3,呈现出夏季低冬季高的特征.PAHs化合物的相对分布也呈明显的季节变化,5～6环PAHs的比重夏季比冬季高,而3～4环PAHs的比重冬季比夏季高.冬季PAHs可分为2种模式,不同模式之间PAHs的浓度和分布特征有明显的差异.统计结果表明,广州市多环芳烃浓度变化主要受气象条件的影响,风速(当温度＜20℃时)和温度(当温度＞20℃时)是影响多环芳烃浓度最主要的因素.此外,本研究还表明,汽车尾气排放是广州市大气颗粒物多环芳烃污染最主要的污染来源.     

Toxicity assessing for chlorpyrifos-contaminated soil with three different earthworm test methods

Earthworm toxicity tests are useful tools for terrestrial risk assessment but require a hierarchy of test designs that differ in effect levels (behavior, sublethal, lethal). In this study, the toxicity of chlorpyrifos contaminated soil on earthworms was assessed. In addition to the acute and chronic tests, an avoidance response test was applied. Earthworms were exposed to sublethal and lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos, and evaluated for acute toxicity, growth, fecundity and avoidance response after a certain exposure period. The test methods covered all important ecological relevant endpoints (acute, chronic, behavioral). Concentration of 78.91 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos caused significant toxic effects in all test methods, but at lower test concentrations, only significant chronic toxic effects could be observed. In the present study, chlorpyrifos had adverse effect on growth and fecundity in earthworm exposed to 5 mg/kg chlorpyrifos after eight weeks. The avoidance response test, however, showed significant repellent effects concentration of 40 mg/kg chlorpyrifos. For chlorpyrifos, concentration affecting avoidance response was far greater than growth and fecundity, it seemed likely that earthworms were not able to escape from pesticide-contaminated soil into the clean soil in field and hence were exposed continuously to elevated concentrations of pesticides.