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51.
Bioreactor landfills are operated to enhance refuse decomposition, gas production, and waste stabilization. The major aspect of bioreactor landfill operation is the recirculation of collected leachate back through the refuse mass. Due to the accelerated decomposition and settlement of solid waste, bioreactor landfills are gaining popularity as an alternative to the conventional landfill. The addition or recirculation of leachate to accelerate the waste decomposition changes the geotechnical characteristics of waste mass. The daily cover soils, usually up to 20–30% of total MSW volumes in the landfill, may also influence the decomposition and shear strength behavior of MSW. The objective of this paper is to study the effects of daily covers soils on the shear strength properties of municipal solid waste (MSW) in bioreactor landfills with time and decomposition. Two sets of laboratory-scale bioreactor landfills were simulated in a laboratory, and samples were prepared to represent different phases of decomposition. The state of decomposition was quantified by methane yield, pH, and volatile organic content (VOC). Due to decomposition, the matrix structure of the degradable solid waste component was broken down and contributed to a significant decrease in the reinforcing effect of MSW. However, the daily cover soil, a non-degradable constituent of MSW, remains constant. Therefore, the interaction between daily cover soil particles and MSW particles will affect shear strength behavior. A number of triaxial tests were performed to evaluate the shear strength of MSW. The test results indicated that the shear strength of MSW was affected by the presence of cover soils. The friction angle of MSW with the presence of cover soil is higher than the friction angle of MSW without any cover soils. The friction angle of MSW increased from 27° to 30° due to the presence of cover soils for Phase 1 samples. The increased strength was attributed to the friction nature of sandy soil that was used as daily covers soils. Therefore, the effects of cover soils on the shear strength properties of MSW should be evaluated and taken into consideration during stability analyses and design. 相似文献
52.
ABSTRACTThis study investigates the structural linkages of product quality, corporate image, store image, and price on customer satisfaction and loyalty towards green products usage in Malaysia. The research used structural equation modelling technique via AMOS 21.0 computer program for data analysis across a sample of 200 university students who applies a green lifestyle, such as purchasing green products which are referring to only retail goods, using recyclable products, and ozone-free products. Empirical analysis divulged that product quality followed by corporate image, store image, and product price jointly affected customer satisfaction in using green products. They are highly concerned that the green store provides a variety of good quality products with good value for money. Marketers should aggressively promote the identification of green products and overcome the problem of just noticeable difference between green product and non-green product among consumers for business sustainability. Empirical findings provide valuable insights to put forth in outlining effective marketing strategies that widen the marketers’ understanding of consumer behaviour in using green products with regard to their satisfaction and loyalty levels from the perspective of product quality, corporate image, store image, and product prices in Malaysia markets. 相似文献
53.
Masum A. Patwary William Thomas O’Hare Graham Street K. Maudood Elahi Syed Shahadat Hossain Mosharraf H. Sarker 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2009,29(8):2392-2397
There is a concern that mismanagement of medical waste in developing countries may be a significant risk factor for disease transmission. Quantitative estimation of medical waste generation is needed to estimate the potential risk and as a basis for any waste management plan. Dhaka City, the capital of Bangladesh, is an example of a major city in a developing country where there has been no rigorous estimation of medical waste generation based upon a thorough scientific study. These estimates were obtained by stringent weighing of waste in a carefully chosen, representative, sample of HCEs, including non-residential diagnostic centres. This study used a statistically designed sampling of waste generation in a broad range of Health Care Establishments (HCEs) to indicate that the amount of waste produced in Dhaka can be estimated to be 37 ± 5 ton per day. The proportion of this waste that would be classified as hazardous waste by World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines was found to be approximately 21%. The amount of waste, and the proportion of hazardous waste, was found to vary significantly with the size and type of HCE. 相似文献
54.
Environmental Kuznets Curve: the case of Bangladesh for waste emission and suspended particulate matter 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Md Danesh Miah Md Farhad Hossain Masum Masao Koike Shalina Akther Nur Muhammed 《The Environmentalist》2011,31(1):59-66
Economists have shown the empirical relationships between the economic growth of a nation and its environmental quality using
the hypothesis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). To understand the EKC phenomena, a study of the literature was undertaken.
As waste, waste emission, and suspended particulate matter (SPM) are the active agents of environmental degradation, the study
focused on those agents for EKC consideration. Through understanding the different EKC trajectories, an attempt was made to
relate the economic development of Bangladesh to the EKC. It is shown that the EKCs for waste, emissions from waste, and SPM
follow the conventional EKC trajectory with a turning point related to higher income per capita in most cases. The type of
economic policy that Bangladesh should follow to deal with the pollutants and their sources is also shown. The study recommends
creating a tunnel in the EKC to lower the turning point in Bangladesh. The study is likely to help stimulate policy development
in Bangladesh. 相似文献
55.
Environment, Development and Sustainability - A sustainable building design technology is being proposed to heat and cool inside the building naturally by using exterior curtain wall to control the... 相似文献
56.
Zafar Muhammad Wasif Mirza Faisal Mehmood Zaidi Syed Anees Haider Hou Fujun 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(15):15162-15173
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Emerging economies are experiencing considerable economic changes due to change in energy demand and CO2 emissions. To explore the link between energy... 相似文献
57.
This paper presents the present status of food security and ecological footprint, an indicator of environmental sustainability
of the coastal zones of Bangladesh. To estimate the present status of the food security and ecological footprint of the coastal
zone of Bangladesh, primary and secondary data were collected, and the present status of food security and environmental degradation
(in terms of ecological footprint) were calculated. To estimate the household food security, primary data were also collected
from all the households in a representative selected village. A quantitative method for computation of food security in grain
equivalent based on economic returns (price) is developed, and a method of measuring sustainable development in terms of ecological
footprint developed by Wackernagel is used to estimate the environmental sustainability (Wackernagel and Rees in Our ecological
footprint: reducing human impact on the earth. New Society, Gabrioala, BC, 1996; Chambers et al. in Sharing nature’s interest-ecological footprint as an indicator of sustainability. Earthscan, London,
2000). Overall status of food security at upazila levels is good for all the upazilas except Shoronkhola, Shyamnager and Morrelgonj,
and the best is the Kalapara upazila. But the status of food security at household levels is poor. Environmental status in
the coastal zones is poor for all the upazilas except Kalapara and Galachipa. The worst is in the Mongla upazila. Environmental
status has degraded mainly due to shrimp culture. This study suggests that control measures are needed for affected upazilas
and any further expansion of the shrimp aquaculture to enhance the food security must take into account the environmental
aspects of the locality under consideration. 相似文献
58.
Alam JB Hossain A Khan SK Banik BK Islam MR Muyen Z Rahman MH 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,134(1-3):233-242
Surma River is polluted day by day by human activities, poor structured sewerage and drainage system, discharging industrial
and household wastes. The charas (natural channels) are responsible for surface runoff conveyance from its urban catchments
to the receiving Surma River. Water samples have been collected from a part of Surma River along different points and analyzed
for various water quality parameters during dry and monsoon periods. Effects of industrial wastes, municipal sewage, and agricultural
runoff on river water quality have been investigated. The study was conducted within the Chattak to Sunamganj portion of Surma
River, which is significant due to the presence of two major industries – a paper mill and a cement factory. The other significant
feature is the conveyors that travel from India to Chattak. The river was found to be highly turbid in the monsoon season.
But BOD and fecal coliform concentration was found higher in the dry season. The water was found slightly acidic. The mean
values of parameters were Conductivity 84–805 μs; DO: dry-5.52 mg/l, monsoon-5.72 mg/l; BOD: dry-1mg/l, monsoon-0.878 mg/l;
Total Solid: dry-149.4 mg/l, monsoon-145.7 mg/l. In this study, an effort has been taken to investigate the status of concentration
of phosphate (PO−4) and ammonia–nitrogen (NH4–N) at four entrance points of Malnichara to the city, Guali chara, Gaviar khal and Bolramer khal. Data has been collected
from March–April and September–October of 2004. Concentrations have been measured using UV Spectrophotometer. Although the
phosphate concentration has been found within the limit set by DOE for fishing, irrigation and recreational purposes, however
ammonia–nitrogen has been found to exceed the limit. 相似文献
59.
Analysis and evaluation of nitrate levels in groundwater at Al-Hashimiya area, Jordan 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Obeidat MM Massadeh AM Al-Ajlouni AM Athamneh FS 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,135(1-3):475-486
Water with high nitrate concentration (NO3
−) is unfit for human consumption, especially when its concentration exceeded the threshold limit (50 mg/l) recommended by
the health authorities such as the World Health Organization (WHO). In Jordan, there is a great concern for determination
and monitoring organic and inorganic pollutants that may reach groundwater. Nitrate is highly mobile and present in domestic,
agricultural and industrial waste in Jordan, and thus this study focused initially on nitrate as both a contaminant of concern
and as an indicator of potential groundwater contamination. The present study determined the extent of nitrate contamination
in groundwater in the study area and examined the likely sources of NO3
−. A total of 248 groundwater samples were collected from 16 wells in different sites of Al-Hashimiya area, Zerqa Governorate,
Jordan, and investigated for NO3
− concentrations. Moreover, measurements of temperature, electrical conductivity and pH were carried out in the field. Analysis
was carried out according to the methods described by the American Public Health Association (APHA). Results showed that there
was a dramatic increasing in NO3
− concentrations from the year 2001 to 2006 for some selected wells in the present study. NO3
− concentration in 2006 was ranged from 10 to 330 mg/l with an average of 77 mg/l. Overall, groundwater had elevated nitrate
concentration with 92% of the samples containing more than 20 mg/l NO3
−, indicating the influence of human activities. This study has shown that there is a strong correlation between the nitrate
concentration and the wastewater effluents as a source of pollution. 相似文献
60.
Karim RA Hossain SM Miah MM Nehar K Mubin MS 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,145(1-3):417-425
An investigation of various heavy metals including the arsenic (As) poisoning in soils and vegetables in five upazillas under Feni district of Bangladesh was performed by neutron activation technique using the neutron irradiation facilities of TRIGA MARK II research reactor at Bangladesh Atomic Energy Research Establishment (BAERE), Savar, Dhaka. A total of 30 samples (15 surface soils and 15 foodstuffs) were studied in five Upazillas namely as, Sonagazi, Dagan Bhuiya, Feni Sadar, Fulgazi and Parsuram of Feni district taking three samples of each kind from each upazilla. Samples of each kind together with the standard reference material (SRM) were irradiated in the same neutron flux and the gamma-rays of nuclides from the irradiated samples were assessed and screened for As, Br, U, Th, Cr, Sc, Fe, Zn and Co in soils and As, Br, Na, K, Cr, Sc, Fe, Zn and Co in vegetables (i.e; eddoe, taro, green papaya, plantain, potato, callaloo, bottle ground and carambola). The measurement of gamma-rays was carried out by means of a calibrated high resolution HPGe detector. The concentration of product nuclides containing in the irradiated samples was determined from the peak count-rates of prominent gamma-lines for the corresponding nuclides. Among all contaminants, only As, Zn and Cr for both samples were focused because of their higher values compared with the local as well as the world typical values. The present results revealed that the mean levels of As in Parsuram, Feni Sadar and Pulgazi upazillas are higher than the world typical value of 2 mg/kg. The mean values of Zn and Cr for all upazillas are higher than the world typical values 32 and 27.9 mg/kg, respectively. For the case of vegetables, the mean concentration of As is found only in Eddoe (5.33 ppm) and Taro (1.46 ppm) collected from Sonagazi and Feni Sadar upazilla; which are higher than the values in Samta (0.1 ppm for eddoe and 0.44 ppm for taro) under Jessore district of Bangladesh. The mean concentrations of Zn and Cr in all kinds of vegetables are higher compared with the existing local values as well as the world typical values. The mean estimated daily dietary intake of As, Zn and Cr from vegetables are found to be 0.105, 12.47 and 3.53 mg respectively, which are higher than the recommended values of some countries. The consumption of toxic metals in vegetables is a risk for public health in the studied area. 相似文献