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981.
电选法回收利用废印刷线路板 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
废印刷线路板含有多种有价值的物质,随意丢弃或处理处置方法不当既污染环境,又造成资源流失。采用剪切式破碎和电力分选技术对废印刷线路板的机械分离进行了研究。结果表明,电选法可以实现废印刷线路板中金属和玻璃纤维、树脂的分离;在实验的粒径范围内(-14+20目到-120+200目分为5个粒径级别),金属主要集中在-20+120目粒级范围内,且该粒级范围分选效果最好。 相似文献
982.
分光光度法测定降水中微量过氧化氢 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了一种测定降水中微量过氧化氢的方法。在0.4~1.5mol/L磷酸介质中,过氧化氢与钒(V)及2-(3,5-二溴-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二乙氨基苯酚(3,5-diBr-PADAP)反应形成一种组成比为1:1:1的蓝色三元配合物,其最大吸收波长为598nm,表现摩尔吸光系数为5.6×104L·mol-1·cm-1。过氧化氮量在2×10-7~1.3×10-5mol/L时服从比耳定律。方法简便,选择性较高,用于降水中微量过氧化氢的直接测定,结果令人满意。 相似文献
983.
A simple effective procedure for the determination of adenosine triphosphate in soils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A simple method for the extraction and determination of adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) in soil is described. ATP was extracted by stirring with dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), followed by adding 0.01 M trisodium phosphate (Na3PO4) buffer solution for a further dispersion. The ATP content was quantitatively measured by luciferin-luciferase system employing a standard addition technique. The method was most efficient in comparison with 7 other extraction procedures. The recoveries of ATP in spiked soil were found to be approximately 100 %. ATP contents in 16 selected soils were in ranges of 0.76±0.05 – 7.79±0.83 μg/g (dry weight). A significant correlation between ATP amounts and biomasses in these soils was also observed. 相似文献
984.
纳米TiO2光催化降解酸性粒子元青溶液的研究 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
对纳米 Ti O2 光催化氧化法降解酸性粒子元青溶液进行了试验研究。结果表明 ,反应符合一级反应 ,反应速率常数为2 .9× 10 - 3min- 1。确立的最佳工艺条件 :催化剂的用量为 4.0 g·L- 1 ,溶液的 p H为 6.3 8,空气的体积流量为 12 0 m L· min- 1 ,在此最佳工艺条件下 ,酸性粒子元青的降解率达到 92 .3 %。且测得反应的表现活化能 Ea为 -17.9k J· mol- 1 。 相似文献
985.
Haonan Fan Shanghua Wu John Woodley Guoqiang Zhuang Zhihui Bai Shengjun Xu Xuan Wang Xuliang Zhuang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(3):277-286
As a major reservoir of antibiotics, animal manure contributes a lot to the augmented environmental pressure of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This might be the first study to explore the effects of different ventilation types on the control of ARGs and to identify the relationships between archaeal communities and ARGs during the composting of dairy manure. Several ARGs were quantified via Real-time qPCR and microbial communities including bacteria and archaea were analyzed by High-throughput sequencing during vacuum-type composting (VTC) and positive-pressure composting (PPC). The total detected ARGs and class I integrase gene (intI1) under VTC were significantly lower than that under PPC during each stage of the composting (p < 0.001). The relative abundance of potential human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) which were identified based on sequencing information and correlation analysis decreased by 74.6% and 91.4% at the end of PPC and VTC, respectively. The composition of archaeal communities indicated that methane-producing archaea including Methanobrevibacter, Methanocorpusculum and Methanosphaera were dominant throughout the composting. Redundancy analysis suggested that Methanobrevibacter and Methanocorpusculum were positively correlated with all of the detected ARGs. Network analysis determined that the possible hosts of ARGs were different under VTC and PPC, and provided new sights about potential links between archaea and ARGs. Our results showed better performance of VTC in reducing ARGs and potential HPB and demonstrated that some archaea could also be influential hosts of ARGs, and caution the risks of archaea carrying ARGs. 相似文献
986.
Lanhe Zhang Jing Zheng Shulei Tian Haifeng Zhang Xiaohui Guan Suiyi Zhu Xiaoyu Zhang Yuxuan Bai Ping Xu Jian Zhang Zheng Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(5):212-221
The aluminum ions generated from mining aluminum,electrolytic aluminum and the industrial production of aluminum-based coagulants(such as AlCl_3 and Al_2(SO_4)_3) enter sewage treatment plants and interact with activated sludges.An anaerobic/anoxic/oxic(A~2 O) process was used to reveal the effects of Al~(3+) on the pollutant removal efficiencies,bioflocculation and the micro structure of sludge.The results showed that a low concentration of Al~(3+) improved the pollutant removal efficiencies and increased the sludge particle size.However,a high concentration of Al~(3+) hindered microbial flocculation and reduced the pollutant removal efficiencies.With a 10 mg/L Al~(3+) addition,the chemical oxygen demand(COD),total nitrogen(TN) and NH_4~+-N increased by 3%,16% and 27%,and reached as high as 68%,60% and 87%,respectively.At the same time,the dehydrogenase activity,flocculation ability(FA) and contact angle of the sludge reached their maximum levels at 41.3 mg/L/hr,45% and 79.63°,respectively.The specific surface area of the sludge decreased to 7.084 m2/g and the sludge pore size distribution shifted to concentrate in the me soporous range.Most of Al~(3+) was adsorbed on the surface of sludge,changing the physicochemical properties and physical structure of the sludge. 相似文献
987.
Pre-oxidation is widely used to reduce ultrafiltration membrane fouling.However,the variation in the composition of microbial communities and extracellular polymeric substances(EPSs) accompanying pre-oxidation in drinking water treatment has received little attention.In this study,hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) was used in a coagulationultrafiltration process with Al_2(SO_4)_3·18H_2O.A long-term reactor experiment(60 d) showed that pre-oxidation alleviated membrane fouling,mainly due to its inhibition of microbial growth,as observed by flow cytometry measurements of the membrane tank water.Further analysis of the formed cake layer demonstrated that the corresponding levels of EPS released from the microbes were lower with than without H_2O_2 treatment.In comparison to polysaccharides,proteins dominated the EPS.2 D-electrophoresis showed little difference(p 0.05,Student's t-test) in the composition of proteins in the cake layer between the treatments with and without H_2O_2.The molecular weights of proteins ranged from approximately 30–50 kDa and the majority of isoelectric points ranged from 6 to 8.Highthroughput sequencing showed that the predominant bacteria were Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,and Verrucomicrobia in both cake layers.However,the relative abundance of Planctomycetes was higher in the cake layer with H_2O_2 pre-oxidation,which was likely probably due to the strong oxidative resistance of its cell wall.Overall,our findings clarify the fundamental molecular mechanism in H_2O_2 pre-oxidation for ultrafiltration membrane bio-fouling alleviation in drinking water treatment. 相似文献
988.
NO2对颗粒污泥甲烷化动力学特性的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用间歇试验方法,以乙酸和乙酸盐混合物为基质,对取自EGSB反应器具有厌氧甲烷化反硝化与厌氧氨氧化活性的颗粒污泥的甲烷化动力学以及NO2影响进行研究。无NO2时,最大比基质降解速率为0.158 mg COD/mg VSS·h,半饱和常数为464 mg COD/L,甲烷的产率系数为0.254 mL CH4/mg COD。添加微量NO2对甲烷化有抑制作用,抑制程度随着微量NO2浓度的增高而增大,在NO2浓度为30.36 mg/m3、50.6 mg/m3、101.2 mg/m3、202.4 mg/m3和303.6 mg/m3条件下,甲烷化抑制程度分别为7.40%、11.87%、27.56%、39.75%和43.24%,外推得NO2的甲烷化半抑制浓度IC50值为383.8 mg/m3。NO2气氛下甲烷化动力学可用反竞争性抑制动力学进行描述,最大比基质降解速率为0.148 mg COD/mg VSS·h,半饱和常数为396 mg COD/L,NO2抑制系数为250 mg/m3。 相似文献
989.
990.