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351.
352.
Dr. Claire Julian-Reynier Geneviève Macquart-Moulin Jean-Paul Moatti Yvette Aurran Françoise Chabal Ségolène Aymé 《黑龙江环境通报》1994,14(9):859-864
More than 10 years after a chromosomal anomaly screening programme was set up in France for pregnant women of advanced age, amniocentesis is still a controversial issue. The reasons why eligible women did not utilize the test and whether or not the existence of social welfare coverage determined women's access to prenatal diagnosis were studied. A group of 291 women aged ⩾35 years who recently gave birth to normal liveborns was interviewed by telephone. Among those aged 38 years and over, who automatically qualified for social security coverage, 75 per cent had undergone amniocentesis as opposed to 23 per cent in the 35 to 37-year-old non-covered age group who did not qualify for social security coverage. In both groups, access to amniocentesis was found to depend on the physicians', women's and male partners' attitudes towards prenatal diagnosis and abortion. Among the younger group, the uptake depended mainly on socio-economic factors. Institutional policies should ensure greater equality of access while allowing for individual preferences. 相似文献
353.
Pablo Campos François Bonnieux Alejandro Caparros Jean-Christophe Paoli 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2007,50(1):65-85
Enough advances have recently been made in income accounting theory to recommend that environmental services accruing either to the forest owner or to the general public should be included in the forest accounting system. In this study, the results of two case studies, one in Bonifatu, Corsica (France) and the other in Alcornocales, Andalusia (Spain), show that private environmental services provide the majority share of social total sustainable income in Alcornocales (29%), whereas public environmental services are the most relevant in Bonifatu (32%). The social total sustainable income measured by the agroforestry accounting system is, respectively, 1.6 and 2.4 times higher than the income estimated by economic accounts for forestry in Alcornocales and Bonifatu forests. 相似文献
354.
Goutal N Luck M Boyer P Monte L Siclet F Angeli G 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2008,99(2):367-382
During last decades, a number of projects have been launched to validate models for predicting the behaviour of radioactive substances in the environment. The project of the "Aquatic" working group of the project EMRAS (Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety) organised by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was based on the validation and assessment of models for predicting the behaviour of radionuclides in the aquatic ecosystems. The present paper describes a blind test of models aimed at assessing the dispersion of tritium releases in the Loire River (France), on a large domain ( approximately 350km) and on a period of six months, by comparing the results obtained by operational-to-experimental values of tritium concentration at Angers, a city along the Loire River. The common conclusion is that the models used by the different participants namely 1D models and models based on a schematic hydraulic (box models) are reliable tools for tritium transport modelling. Nevertheless, the importance of proper and detailed hydrological data for the appropriate prediction of pollutant migration in water is demonstrated by the example provided during this study. 相似文献
355.
Cheviron Nathalie Grondin Virginie Marrauld Christelle Poiroux Françoise Bertrand Isabelle Abadie Josiane Pandard Pascal Riah-Anglet Wassila Dubois Caroline Malý Stanislav Marques Catarina R. Asenjo Inmaculada Valverde Alonso Alejandro Díaz Domingo Marquina Mougin Christian 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(20):29348-29357
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The evaluation of soil quality requires the use of robust methods to assess biologically based indicators. Among them, enzyme activities are used for... 相似文献
356.
Twenty years after the Chernobyl accident, root uptake from the surface layers of contaminated forest soils plays a major role in radiocaesium ((137)Cs) transfer to the trees and accumulation in perennial compartments, including stemwood. Trustworthy long-term predictions (modelling) of stemwood contamination with (137)Cs should accordingly be based on a reliable picture of this source-sink relationship. Considering the complexity of the processes involved in (137)Cs cycling in forest stands, elementary ratios like transfer factors (TF) were shown to be not very relevant for that purpose. At the tree level, alternatives like the wood immobilisation potential (WIP) have therefore been proposed in order to quantify the current net (137)Cs accumulation in stemwood. Our objective was here to compare WIP values determined for a series of contaminated forest stands in Belarus with the corresponding pools of (137)Cs available in the soil for root uptake. The comparison reveals that both indices are quite proportional, whatever the forest ecosystem features. This corroborates the relevancy of WIP as an indicator of the current (137)Cs root uptake by the trees, which could accordingly help to improve the existing models of (137)Cs cycling and the long-term management of contaminated forest ecosystems. 相似文献
357.
The sorption of Cd and Pb by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from activated sludges originated from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) or Lab-scale bioreactors was investigated as a function of pH. The study was carried out using a polarographic method in the SMDE (stripping mercury dropping electrode) mode which is suited to determine labile metals in solution containing soluble ligands such as EPS. The results obtained provide evidence of the presence of a pH-sorption/desorption edge for Cd and Pb by EPS. The use of Kurbatov’s model gives information on the mechanisms involved through the determination of “relative complexation constants” (operationally defined) and the number of protons exchanged. The use of this model demonstrates that proton exchange with metals is not the only mechanism involved in metal biosorption by EPS. Other mechanisms such as cation exchange with Ca or Mg, global electric field surrounding the ligand or micro-precipitation of metals could be involved in metal sorption by EPS. The position of the pH-sorption edge curves and the “relative complexation constants” show that Pb displays a greater affinity for EPS than Cd. The studied EPS have large differences regarding binding strength of Cd and Pb. These differences are not correlated with the organic parameters measured to characterize the EPS, however the mineral fraction of the EPS could be involved to a large extent in the sorption of metal. 相似文献
358.
Petitprez Justine Legrand François-Xavier Tams Catherine Pipkin J. D. Antle Vince Kfoury Miriana Fourmentin Sophie 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(3):1561-1568
359.
da Silva Barbosa Ferreira Eduardo Luna Carlos Bruno Barreto Siqueira Danilo Diniz Araújo Edcleide Maria de França Danyelle Campos Wellen Renate Maria Ramos 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(2):541-554
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - PLA has aroused industrial and scientific interest in recent years, mainly due to its biodegradable character. However, PLA is brittle and displays low... 相似文献