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321.
Zanichelli D Carloni F Hasanaji E D'Andrea N Filippini A Setti L 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(1):5-6
Background, Aim and Scope
Agricultural industrial wastes can frequently be used as raw materials in the production of bio-fuels. Olive-oil milling wastewater
is considered as one of the most polluting agro-industrial residues, but fortunately due to its high content of organic matter,
it has the potential to be a valuable starting material to obtain bio-ethanol via fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
The fermentation of olive-oil milling wastewater has been demonstrated with good yield of ethanol (8-12%v/v) once the level
of reducing sugars is appropriate and the phenolic fraction, which inhibits the yeast, is removed.
Materials and Methods:
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Results:
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Discussion:
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Conclusions:
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Recommendations and Perspectives:
- 相似文献
322.
Tobias J. Legler Zhong Liu Ariadni Mavrou Kirstin Finning Ilona Hromadnikova Silvia Galbiati Cathy Meaney Maj A. Hultén Francesco Crea Martin L. Olsson Deborah G. Maddocks Dorothy Huang Sylvia Armstrong Fisher Markus Sprenger-Haussels Aicha Ait Soussan C. Ellen van der Schoot 《黑龙江环境通报》2007,27(9):824-829
Objective Cell free foetal DNA (cff DNA) extracted from maternal plasma is now recognized as a potential source for prenatal diagnosis but the methodology is currently not well standardized. To evaluate different manual and automated DNA extraction methods with a view to developing standards, an International Workshop was performed. Methods Three plasma pools from RhD-negative pregnant women, a DNA standard, real-time-PCR protocol, primers and probes for RHD were sent to 12 laboratories and also to one company (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). In pre-tests, pool 3 showed a low cff DNA concentration, pool 1 showed a higher concentration and pool 2 an intermediate concentration. Results The QIAamp DSP Virus Kit, the High Pure PCR Template Preparation Kit, an in-house protocol using the QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit, the CST genomic DNA purification kit, the Magna Pure LC, the MDx, the M48, the EZ1 and an in-house protocol using magnetic beads for manual and automated extraction were the methods that were able to reliably detect foetal RHD. The best results were obtained with the QIAamp DSP Virus Kit. The QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit showed very comparable results in laboratories that followed the manufacturer's protocol and started with ≥ 500 µL plasma. One participant using the QIAamp DNA Blood Midi Kit failed to detect reliably RHD in pool 3. Conclusions This workshop initiated a standardization process for extraction of cff DNA in maternal plasma. The highest yield was obtained by the QIAamp DSP Virus Kit, a result that will be evaluated in more detail in future studies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
323.
Mehdi Hassanshahian Zeynab Bayat Simone Cappello Francesco Smedile Michail Yakimov 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(5):136-146
In order to better understand the effects of biostimulation and bioaugmentation processes on a marine microbial community, three different mesocosm experiments were planned. Natural seawater(10.000 L) was artificially polluted with crude oil(1 L) and(1) inorganic nutrients(Biostimulating Mesocosm, BM),(2) inorganic nutrients and an inoculum of Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2(Single Bioaugmentation Mesocosm, SBM),(3) inorganic nutrients and inoculums of A. borkumensis SK2 and Thalassolituus oleivorans MIL-1(Consortium Bioaugmentation Mesocosm, CBM). During the experimental period(20 days), samples were taken from each mesocosm and the community structure was analyzed by PCR–DGGE. The 16 S r RNA gene DGGE banding patterns and sequence analysis demonstrated that biostimulation had the lowest effect on microbial biodiversity in the mesocosms; however, the biodiversity of the marine microbial community dramatically decreased in the CBM(Shannon index was 0.6 in T3). The community structures among the three mesocosms were also markedly different,and major bacteria derived from DGGE bands were related to uncultured Gamma Proteobacteria. The biodegradation results show that the Single Bioaugmentation Mesocosm(SBM) system had the highest percentage of degradation(95%) in comparison to the BM mesocosm(80%) and CBM(70%). 相似文献
324.
Zuo Tong How Ina Kristian Francesco Busetti Kathryn L. Linge Cynthia A. Joll 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(8):2-18
This paper is a critical review of current knowledge of organic chloramines in water systems,including their formation, stability, toxicity, analyticalmethods for detection, and their impact
on drinking water treatment and quality. The term organic chloramines may refer to any
halogenated organic compounds measured as part of combined chlorine (the difference
between themeasured free and total chlorine concentrations), andmay include N-chloramines,
N-chloramino acids, N-chloraldimines and N-chloramides. Organic chloramines can form
when dissolved organic nitrogen or dissolved organic carbon react with either free chlorine
or inorganic chloramines. They are potentially harmful to humans and may exist as an
intermediate for other disinfection by-products. However, little information is available on the
formation or occurrence of organic chloramines in water due to a number of challenges. One of
the biggest challenges for the identification and quantification of organic chloramines in water
systems is the lack of appropriate analytical methods. In addition, many of the organic
chloramines that formduring disinfection are unstable,which results in difficulties in sampling
and detection. To date research has focussed on the study of organic monochloramines.
However, given that breakpoint chlorination is commonly undertaken in water treatment
systems, the formation of organic dichloramines should also be considered. Organic
chloramines can be formed frommany different precursors and pathways. Therefore, studying
the occurrence of their precursors in water systems would enable better prediction and
management of their formation. 相似文献
325.
Francesco Lucarelli Paolo De Stefano Luigi G. Napolitano Pasquale Murino Rosario Vigliotti 《Environmental management》1994,18(4):597-604
After a critical analysis of the strategies for conservation of the environment in Latin America and of large-scale development
projects (agriculture and livestock raising, mining and electrical power plants) in the Amazon region of Brazil, this paper
deals with the use of high-resolution satellite imagery for environmental monitoring. Two areas were considered in the study,
Tucurui and Altamira. Spot/XS and Landsat/TM multispectral images were used, together with color aerial photographs of these
areas. A computer-assisted visual interpretation procedure was employed to analyze images, and linear multispectral transformation
was applied in selected subscenes in order to improve information extraction. The results indicate that high-resolution satellite
imagery is generally compatible with the scale of the environmental problems in Amazonia and is a very efficient source of
detailed information at a local scale on many aspects of the environment, in particular for monitoring changes over time in
selected areas. Therefore, commercial satellite imagery, processed by specialized software, can accommodate a variety of analysis
needs for decision makers and can also be an effective means of verification of international agreements on conservation of
the environment in Amazonia. 相似文献
326.
Fuel consumption and collection costs of solid waste were evaluated by the aid of a simulation model for a given collection area of a medium-sized Italian city. Using the model it is possible to calculate time, collected waste and fuel consumption for a given waste collection route. Starting from the data for the current waste collection scenario with a Source Segregated (SS) intensity of 25%, all the main model error evaluated was ?1.2. SS intensity scenarios of 25%, 30%, 35% and 52% were simulated. Results showed an increase in the average fuel consumed by the collection vehicles that went from about 3.3 L/tonne for 25% SS intensity to about 3.8 L/tonne for a SS intensity of 52%. Direct collection costs, including crews and vehicle purchase, ranged from about 40 €/tonne to about 70 €/tonne, respectively, for 25% and 52% SS intensity. The increase in fuel consumption and collection costs depends on the density of the waste collected, on the collection vehicle compaction ratio and on the waste collection vehicle utilization factor (WCVUF). In particular a reduction of about 50% of the WCVUF can lead to an average increase of about 80% in fuel consumption and 100% in collection costs. 相似文献
327.
Ali Behnamfard Mohammad Mehdi Salarirad Francesco Veglio 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(11):2354-2363
A novel hydrometallurgical process was proposed for selective recovery of Cu, Ag, Au and Pd from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs). More than 99% of copper content was dissolved by using two consecutive sulfuric acid leaching steps in the presence of H2O2 as oxidizing agents. The solid residue of 2nd leaching step was treated by acidic thiourea in the presence of ferric iron as oxidizing agent and 85.76% Au and 71.36% Ag dissolution was achieved. The precipitation of Au and Ag from acidic thiourea leachate was investigated by using different amounts of sodium borohydride (SBH) as a reducing agent. The leaching of Pd and remained gold from the solid reside of 3rd leaching step was performed in NaClO-HCl-H2O2 leaching system and the effect of different parameters was investigated. The leaching of Pd and specially Au increased by increasing the NaClO concentration up to 10 V% and any further increasing the NaClO concentration has a negligible effect. The leaching of Pd and Au increased by increasing the HCl concentration from 2.5 to 5 M. The leaching of Pd and Au were endothermic and raising the temperature had a positive effect on leaching efficiency. The kinetics of Pd leaching was quite fast and after 30 min complete leaching of Pd was achieved, while the leaching of Au need a longer contact time. The best conditions for leaching of Pd and Au in NaClO-HCl-H2O2 leaching system were determined to be 5 M HCl, 1 V% H2O2, 10 V% NaClO at 336 K for 3 h with a solid/liquid ratio of 1/10. 100% of Pd and Au of what was in the chloride leachate were precipitated by using 2 g/L SBH. Finally, a process flow sheet for the recovery of Cu, Ag, Au and Pd from PCB was proposed. 相似文献
328.
Velikova V Tsonev T Loreto F Centritto M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(5):1058-1066
Poplar (Populus nigra) plants were grown hydroponically with 30 and 200 μM Ni (Ni30 and Ni200). Photosynthesis limitations and isoprenoid emissions were investigated in two leaf types (mature and developing). Ni stress significantly decreased photosynthesis, and this effect depended on the leaf Ni content, which was lower in mature than in developing leaves. The main limitations to photosynthesis were attributed to mesophyll conductance and metabolism impairment. In Ni-stressed developing leaves, isoprene emission was significantly stimulated. We attribute such stimulation to the lower chloroplastic [CO2] than in control leaves. However chloroplastic [CO2] did not control isoprene emission in mature leaves. Ni stress induced the emission of cis-β-ocimene in mature leaves, and of linalool in both leaf types. Induced biosynthesis and emission of isoprenoids reveal the onset of antioxidant processes that may also contribute to reduce Ni stress, especially in mature poplar leaves. 相似文献
329.
This study applies Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to present an eco-balance of a recycling plant that treats spent lead–acid batteries. The recycling plant uses pyrometallurgical treatment to obtain lead from spent batteries. The application of LCA methodology (ISO 14040 series) enabled us to assess the potential environmental impacts arising from the recycling plants operations. Thus, net emissions of greenhouse gases as well as other major environmental consequences were examined and hot spots inside the recycling plant were identified. A sensitivity analysis was also performed on certain variables to evaluate their effect on the LCA study. The LCA of a recycling plant for spent lead–acid batteries presented shows that this methodology allows all of the major environmental consequences associated with lead recycling using the pyrometallurgical process to be examined. The study highlights areas in which environmental improvements are easily achievable by a business, providing a basis for suggestions to minimize the environmental impact of its production phases, improving process and company performance in environmental terms. 相似文献
330.
Isabella Fabietti Giulia Grassini Sara Savelli Roberta Vicario Anita Romiti Milena Viggiano Chiara Vassallo Laura Valfrè Paola Giliberti Irma Capolupo Marco Bonito Pietro Bagolan Francesco Morini Leonardo Caforio 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(8):1002-1007