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排序方式: 共有330条查询结果,搜索用时 343 毫秒
141.
142.
Francesco Di Maria Alessio Sordi Caterina Micale 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(11):2557-2567
The global gaseous emissions produced by landfilling the Mechanically Sorted Organic Fraction (MSOF) with different weeks of Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) was evaluated for an existing waste management system. One MBT facility and a landfill with internal combustion engines fuelled by the landfill gas for electrical energy production operate in the waste management system considered. An experimental apparatus was used to simulate 0, 4, 8 and 16 weeks of aerobic stabilization and the consequent biogas potential (Nl/kg) of a large sample of MSOF withdrawn from the full-scale MBT. Stabilization achieved by the waste was evaluated by dynamic oxygen uptake and fermentation tests. Good correlation coefficients (R2), ranging from 0.7668 to 0.9772, were found between oxygen uptake, fermentation and anaerobic test values. On the basis of the results of several anaerobic tests, the methane production rate k (year?1) was evaluated. k ranged from 0.436 to 0.308 year?1 and the bio-methane potential from 37 to 12 N m3/tonne, respectively, for the MSOF with 0 and 16 weeks of treatment. Energy recovery from landfill gas ranged from about 11 to 90 kW h per tonne of disposed MSOF depending on the different scenario investigated. Life cycle analysis showed that the scenario with 0 weeks of pre-treatment has the highest weighted global impact even if opposite results were obtained with respect to the single impact criteria. MSOF pre-treatment periods longer than 4 weeks showed rather negligible variation in the global impact of system emissions. 相似文献
143.
Lorenzo Fattorini Francesco Ferretti Caterina Pisani Andrea Sforzi 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2011,18(2):291-314
A design-based strategy for estimating wildlife ungulate abundance in a Mediterranean protected area (Maremma Regional Park)
is considered. The estimation is based on pellet group count (clearance count technique) in a set of plots, whose size and
number is established on the basis of practical considerations and available resources. The sampling scheme involves a preliminary
stratification and subsequent two-stage sampling. In the first stage, large strata (defined through habitat features) are
partitioned into spatial units and a sample of units is selected by means of a sampling scheme ensuring inclusion probabilities
proportional to unit size, but avoiding the selection of contiguous units. Then, the abundances of the selected units are
estimated in a second stage, in which plots are located using a random scheme ensuring an even coverage of the units. In small
strata, only the second stage is performed. Unbiased estimators of abundance and conservative estimators of their variances
are derived for each strata and for the whole study area. The proposed strategy has been applied since the Summer of 2006
and the estimation results reveal substantial improvement with respect to the previous results obtained by means of an alternative
strategy. 相似文献
144.
Claudia Belviso Francesco Cavalcante Saverio Fiore 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2010,30(5):839-847
In this study Italian coal fly ash was converted into several types of zeolite in laboratory experiments with temperatures of crystallization ranging from 35 up to 90 °C. Distilled and seawater were used during the hydrothermal synthesis process in separate experiments, after a pre-treatment fusion with NaOH.The results indicate that zeolites could be formed from different kind of Italian coal fly ash at low temperature of crystallization using both distilled and seawater. SEM data and the powder patterns of X-ray diffraction analysis show that faujasite, zeolite ZK-5 and sodalite were synthesized when using both distilled and seawater; zeolite A crystallized only using distilled water. In particular the experiments indicate that the synthesis of zeolite X and zeolite ZK-5 takes place at lower temperatures when using seawater (35 and 45 °C, respectively). The formation of sodalite is always competitive with zeolite X which shows a metastable behaviour at higher temperatures (70–90 °C).The chemical composition of the fly ash source could be responsible of the differences on the starting time of synthesized zeolite with distilled water, in any case our data show that the formation of specific zeolites takes place always at lower temperatures when using seawater. 相似文献
145.
Bin Hu Silvia Serranti Norbert Fraunholcz Francesco Di Maio Giuseppe Bonifazi 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(3):574-584
Packaging waste is one of the main sources of secondary polyolefins. It is essential to characterize polyolefins derived from this waste stream in such way, that not only mechanical sorting methods can effectively separate, but also that on-line sensor systems can quantitatively assess their distribution. The characterization methodology is hierarchical, relating all properties of waste particles in any phase of the processing ultimately to the input End-Of-Life products. The present paper documents a pre-concentrate obtained by hand picking of mixed Romanian household waste. Investigations have been addressed to identify the composition of this polyolefin waste stream, to study the polyolefin density distribution, to distinguish the polymer manufacturing methods (i.e. injection molding and blow molding) by flake physical properties and finally to perform all the required characterization and identification by hyperspectral imaging. On the basis of these analyses, polyolefins from packaging wastes can be recycled by density separation and their rheological properties and wall thickness indicate the molding procedures. Hyperspectral imaging based procedures have been also applied to set up quality control actions for recycled products. 相似文献
146.
The discovery of cell-free fetal (cff) DNA and RNA in the maternal circulation has driven developments in noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) for the past decade. Detection of paternally derived alleles in cff DNA is becoming well established. Now much interest is focussing on NIPD of fetal chromosomal abnormalities, such as trisomy 21, which is a considerable challenge because this demands accurate quantitative measurements of the amounts of specific cff DNA or cff RNA sequences in maternal blood samples. Emerging strategies for distinguishing and quantifying the fetal nucleic acids in the maternal circulation promise continued development of the field, and pose a number of unanswered questions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
147.
Vigni Lorenza Li Daskalopoulou Kyriaki Calabrese Sergio Kyriakopoulos Konstantinos Parello Francesco Brugnone Filippo D’Alessandro Walter 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(7):2111-2133
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Geothermal areas of Greece are located in regions affected by recent volcanism and in continental basins characterised by elevated heat flow. Many of them... 相似文献
148.
Donato F Magoni M Bergonzi R Scarcella C Indelicato A Carasi S Apostoli P 《Chemosphere》2006,64(9):1562-1572
High levels of PCBs were recently found in soil, food and some farmers living close to a chemical factory which until the 1980s had produced polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Brescia, North Italy. We performed a survey on a random sample of subjects aged 20-79 years living in various areas of the town with different levels of soil pollution to investigate factors associated with increased levels of PCB in serum (24 congeners were tested). Total PCB values were closely related to age (Spearman r=0.68; p<0.0001). The 166 consumers of locally produced food had higher PCB levels than non-consumers (median=1143 versus 719; 95th centile=9301 versus 2635ng/g lipid) with the highest levels among consumers of food produced in the most contaminated area close to the factory (median=2551; 95th centile=33464ng/g lipid). A dose-effect relationship between consumption of food produced in this area and PCB blood levels was observed (Spearman r=0.52, p=0.0014). Consumers of only plant food produced in this area had higher levels of PCB than non-consumers (median=1100; 95th centile=10,800ng/g lipid). Three subjects who had worked at the factory in the past showed high PCB levels. Distribution of PCB congeners did not differ between consumers of locally produced food and non-consumers, apart from PCB 209 which was found at high levels in former factory workers and was more common among consumers of food produced in the polluted area. In conclusion, we found high serum PCB levels in humans living in a highly polluted area in an industrialized town in Italy, due mainly to consumption of food produced in polluted areas. 相似文献
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