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891.
The Mojave Desert is characterized by hot dry summers and cold winters. The red-spotted toad (Bufo (Anaxyrus) punctatus) is the predominant anuran species; yet little is known of their thermal histories and strategies to avoid temperature extremes. We measured body temperature (T(b)) in free-ranging adult toads across all four seasons of a year using implanted data loggers. There is marked individual variation in the temperatures experienced by these toads. As expected, toads generally escape extreme seasonal and diel temperature fluctuations. However, our data demonstrate a much wider estimated T(b) range than was previously assumed. Though often for short periods, red-spotted toads do experience T(b) as low as 3.1 degrees C and as high as 39.1 degrees C. All animals showed periods of prolonged thermal stability in cooler months and wider diel oscillations in warmer months. Red-spotted toad thermal history is likely a function of site choice; the exploitation of different refuges results in diverse thermal experiences. These data represent the most complete record of thermal experiences for a desert anuran and reveal greater extremes in body temperature than previously suggested. 相似文献
892.
Two plants, a fern (Athyrium filix-femina) and a moss (Polytrichum commune Hedw.), both commonly occurring in Northern Temperate forests, were exposed in a laboratory study to a solution of (36)Cl-chloride. The uptake of (36)Cl-chloride by the plants was investigated and the emission of volatile chlorine 36 by the plants was determined. Furthermore, speciation of the emitted volatile organochlorine compounds (VOCls) was investigated. For the fern and the moss a rapid uptake of (36)Cl-chloride was observed within a 1-h exposure period. The uptake rates for the fern and the moss, respectively, were 16 mug (36)Cl-chloride g(-1) fresh weight (FW) h(-1) and 3.0 mug (36)Cl-chloride g(-1) FW h(-1), respectively. The study also suggested that after uptake by the plants (36)Cl-chloride is incorporated into VOCls, which were emitted by the plants into the atmosphere. Speciation analysis of the VOCls revealed the emission of chloroform, tetrachloromethane and 1,1,1-trichloroethane. 相似文献
893.
Ghosh Soumya Al-Sharify Zainab T. Maleka Mathabatha Frank Onyeaka Helen Maleke Maleke Maolloum Alhaji Godoy Liliana Meskini Maryam Rami Mina Rezghi Ahmadi Shabnam Al-Najjar Shahad Z. Al-Sharify Noor T. Ahmed Sura M. Dehghani Mohammad Hadi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(39):58628-58647
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This current study review provides a brief review of a natural bee product known as propolis and its relevance toward combating SARS-CoV viruses.... 相似文献
894.
895.
北京大气PM2.5中铅的同位素测定和来源研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
用石英滤膜连续采集北京2003-02~2003-03的12个PM2.5样品,进行无机多元素、OC、EC和铅同位素丰度比的分析测定.对样品进行聚类分析,结合气象信息讨论了分组结果,描述了2003年春北京市的2个大气铅污染过程.2个污染过程均表现出铅含量高,206Pb/207Pb丰度比低的特点.Al、Ca、K等地壳元素的含量与Pb的含量负相关,表明土壤尘对铅的贡献不大.比较Pb、As、Zn、Se和Al、Ca等地壳元素含量的相关性,2个铅污染过程是由有色冶金排放和燃煤排放共同主导的.而02-28~03-02的铅污染过程中,燃煤排放贡献增大,有色冶金排放贡献下降.结果表明,汽油无铅化以后,北京市春季大气颗粒物中的铅主要来源于有色冶金排放与燃煤排放. 相似文献
896.
Hungate BA Johnson DW Dijkstra P Hymus G Stiling P Megonigal JP Pagel AL Moan JL Day F Li J Hinkle CR Drake BG 《Ecology》2006,87(1):26-40
Experimentally increasing atmospheric CO2 often stimulates plant growth and ecosystem carbon (C) uptake. Biogeochemical theory predicts that these initial responses will immobilize nitrogen (N) in plant biomass and soil organic matter, causing N availability to plants to decline, and reducing the long-term CO2-stimulation of C storage in N limited ecosystems. While many experiments have examined changes in N cycling in response to elevated CO2, empirical tests of this theoretical prediction are scarce. During seven years of postfire recovery in a scrub oak ecosystem, elevated CO2 initially increased plant N accumulation and plant uptake of tracer 15N, peaking after four years of CO2 enrichment. Between years four and seven, these responses to CO2 declined. Elevated CO2 also increased N and tracer 15N accumulation in the O horizon, and reduced 15N recovery in underlying mineral soil. These responses are consistent with progressive N limitation: the initial CO2 stimulation of plant growth immobilized N in plant biomass and in the O horizon, progressively reducing N availability to plants. Litterfall production (one measure of aboveground primary productivity) increased initially in response to elevated CO2, but the CO2 stimulation declined during years five through seven, concurrent with the accumulation of N in the O horizon and the apparent restriction of plant N availability. Yet, at the level of aboveground plant biomass (estimated by allometry), progressive N limitation was less apparent, initially because of increased N acquisition from soil and later because of reduced N concentration in biomass as N availability declined. Over this seven-year period, elevated CO2 caused a redistribution of N within the ecosystem, from mineral soils, to plants, to surface organic matter. In N limited ecosystems, such changes in N cycling are likely to reduce the response of plant production to elevated CO2. 相似文献
897.
Passive air sampling for persistent organic pollutants: introductory remarks to the special issue 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Harner T Bartkow M Holoubek I Klanova J Wania F Gioia R Moeckel C Sweetman AJ Jones KC 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,144(2):361-364
There have been a number of developments in the need, design and use of passive air samplers (PAS) for persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This article is the first in a Special Issue of the journal to review these developments and some of the data arising from them. We explain the need and benefit of developing PAS for POPs, the different approaches that can be used, and highlight future developments and needs. 相似文献
898.
899.
Vyas Nimish B. Rattner Barnett A. Lockhart J. Michael Hulse Craig S. Rice Clifford P. Kuncir Frank Kritz Kevin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(49):74024-74037
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - An important component of assessing the hazards of anticoagulant rodenticides to non-target wildlife is observations in exposed free-ranging... 相似文献
900.
Musah Mohammed Mensah Isaac Adjei Alfred Morrison Mahmood Haider Murshed Muntasir Omari-Sasu Akoto Yaw Boateng Frank Nyeadi Joseph Dery Coffie Cephas Paa Kwesi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(21):31330-31347
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - One of the most commonly debated concerns regarding foreign direct investment inflows is the associated environmental adversities that accompany the... 相似文献