全文获取类型
收费全文 | 18061篇 |
免费 | 297篇 |
国内免费 | 386篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 640篇 |
废物处理 | 766篇 |
环保管理 | 2688篇 |
综合类 | 3055篇 |
基础理论 | 4616篇 |
环境理论 | 8篇 |
污染及防治 | 4734篇 |
评价与监测 | 1032篇 |
社会与环境 | 1063篇 |
灾害及防治 | 142篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 108篇 |
2022年 | 176篇 |
2021年 | 183篇 |
2020年 | 205篇 |
2019年 | 159篇 |
2018年 | 313篇 |
2017年 | 287篇 |
2016年 | 435篇 |
2015年 | 356篇 |
2014年 | 457篇 |
2013年 | 1454篇 |
2012年 | 641篇 |
2011年 | 920篇 |
2010年 | 692篇 |
2009年 | 787篇 |
2008年 | 845篇 |
2007年 | 894篇 |
2006年 | 735篇 |
2005年 | 624篇 |
2004年 | 633篇 |
2003年 | 584篇 |
2002年 | 562篇 |
2001年 | 647篇 |
2000年 | 522篇 |
1999年 | 324篇 |
1998年 | 212篇 |
1997年 | 235篇 |
1996年 | 225篇 |
1995年 | 272篇 |
1994年 | 212篇 |
1993年 | 212篇 |
1992年 | 182篇 |
1991年 | 185篇 |
1990年 | 184篇 |
1989年 | 189篇 |
1988年 | 158篇 |
1987年 | 134篇 |
1986年 | 164篇 |
1985年 | 148篇 |
1984年 | 193篇 |
1983年 | 151篇 |
1982年 | 175篇 |
1981年 | 161篇 |
1980年 | 134篇 |
1979年 | 152篇 |
1978年 | 96篇 |
1977年 | 99篇 |
1975年 | 89篇 |
1974年 | 93篇 |
1972年 | 98篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
111.
R. Harkov A. Greenberg F. Darack L. Mcgeorge C. Pietarinen 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1987,9(1):83-92
Quality assurance (QA) assessments of air pollution data sets provide a basis for evaluating the significance of various substances in the atmosphere. For non-criteria pollutants, QA results are seldom reported in the technical literature and are often difficult to estimate. The present report provides a summary of QA results such as recovery, precision and accuracy data. Of the six trace elements and nine organic constituents compared in detail, recoveries, laboratory precision and laboratory accuracy values were 100%, ±3% to ±19% and-2 to-13% for the former group and 69% to 98%, ±7% to 23% and-15 to-34% for the later group. System precision varied from ±22% to ±47% for the trace elements and ±42% to ±83% for the organic constituents. Limitations in the interpretation of non-criteria particulate-phase pollutant data bases are discussed with some emphasis placed on receptor-modelling and risk assessment applications. Finally, the relevance of NBS certified materials for QA estimates in non-criteria air pollutant studies is also reviewed. 相似文献
112.
M. Anne R. McLane Donald L. Hughes Gary H. Heinz 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1984,4(2):105-111
Wings from woodcock (Philohela minor) were first monitored for organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the eastern U.S. in 1971. Regional differences in these compounds were clearly demonstrated and baseline residue levels were obtained for later comparisons. An expanded sampling of wings in 1972 revealed that residues in wings of adult woodcock may differ significantly from those in immatures, and that residues of several important agricultural insecticides and PCBs had declined significantly. More extensive sampling was undertaken in 1975 to determine if changes in residue levels had taken place in the intervening years. PCBs, mirex, and heptachlor epoxide increased significantly between 1972 and 1975 in adult woodcock wings. In immature woodcock wings mirex, dieldrin, and PCBs increased significantly between 1972 and 1975, but DDT residues decreased significantly. 相似文献
113.
Morgenstern P Versteegh AF de Korte GA Hoogerbrugge R Mooibroek D Bannink A Hogendoorn EA 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2003,5(6):885-890
An indicative survey has been carried out in The Netherlands investigating the presence of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) in drinking water and the corresponding sources. In total, 71 different sites used for the preparation of drinking water in The Netherlands were sampled in two successive seasons in 2001 involving the analysis of 156 samples. (ground water (n = 88), surface water (n = 17), bank filtrate water (n = 6) and drinking water (n = 45)). To combine high sample throughput with high selectivity and sensitivity, off-line purge and trap for sampling and gas chromatography mass spectrometry equipped with an automated thermal desorption sampler (TDS-GC-MS) was selected as the preferred analytical methodology. The developed procedure enabled the analysis of at least 40 samples per day and provided a limit of quantification of 2 ng l(-1). In the first period 63 samples of raw water were analyzed. Concentrations ranged between < 10 ng l(-1) and 420 ng l(-1) with a median concentration below 10 ng l(-1). The second period was focused at the re-sampling of positive locations (MTBE > 10 ng l(-1)) and a few additional drinking water utilities of which both the raw and drinking water of the utilities were analyzed. The median concentration of MTBE in the selected set of drinking water samples was 20 ng l(-1) (n = 45). At one location MTBE was found at a level of 2900 ng l(-1) caused by point source contamination of the ground water (11 900 ng l(-1)). Special attention has been paid to the quality of the results by analyzing all samples in duplicate and the analysis of control samples during each series of analyses. 相似文献
114.
Compilation of published and unpublished data shows acid precipitation to be more widespread in the Pacific coastal states than is generally recognized. Although information is scattered and discontinuous, precipitation is definitely acidic in the Los Angeles Basin and north-central california, and in the Puget Sound region in Washington. Acid rain occurrences have been observed in western and eastern Oregon, but data are inadequate for regional generalization. New stations currently being established in Washington and Oregon, largely in resposnse to the recently renewed activity of Mount St. Helens, will greatly facilitate assessment of precipitation acidity in the Northwest. 相似文献
115.
Le Roux SM Turner A Millward GE Ebdon L Appriou P 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2001,3(1):37-42
Radiochemical partitioning experiments using 203Hg have been undertaken with mixtures of river, seawater and sediment samples taken from three geochemically contrasting UK estuaries: the Plym, Beaulieu and Mersey. Species of dissolved Hg were determined using reversed-phase C18 chelating columns and particulate species were determined by sequential leaching with 1 M NH4OAc and 1 M HCl. Mercury had a high particle reactivity with partition coefficients, KDs, ranging from 10(4) to 5 x 10(5) ml g(-1), depending on salinity, the chemical composition of the end-member waters, and on the physico-chemical characteristics of the sediment. Dissolved organic matter present in the waters (humic substances and/or anthropogenic compounds) was found to be the main factor governing the forms of dissolved Hg and their reactivity. From the spiked 203Hg, up to 95% of the dissolved metal was retained on the C18 columns for the Mersey waters, whereas this fraction was < 60% in the Plym and Beaulieu waters. Quasi-irreversible adsorption of Hg onto particles from each estuary was observed over a time-scale of a few hours and < 20% of total particulate Hg was released by the sequential leach. In this paper, physico-chemical processes are proposed to explain the estuarine behaviour of Hg and the results are discussed in terms of Hg availability in estuarine systems. 相似文献
116.
Assessing land use impacts on flood processes in complex terrain by using GIS and modeling approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Y. B. Liu F. De Smedt L. Hoffmann L. Pfister 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2005,9(4):227-235
A distributed hydrologic modeling and GIS approach is applied for the assessment of land use impact in the Steinsel sub-basin, Alzette, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg. The assessment focuses on the runoff contributions from different land use classes and the potential impact of land use changes on runoff generation. The results show that the direct runoff from urban areas is dominant for a flood event compared with runoff from other land use areas in this catchment, and tends to increase for small floods and for the dry season floods, whereas the interflow from forested, pasture and agricultural field areas contributes to the recession flow. Significant variations in flood volume, peak discharge, time to the peak, etc., are found from the model simulation based on the three hypothetical land use change scenarios. 相似文献
117.
Alexander Baklanov 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2000,65(1-2):181-189
Different urban air pollution problems deal with complex structure of air flows and turbulence. For such problems the Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods become widely used. However, this approach despite a number of advantages has some problems. Experience of use of CFD tools for development of models and suggestions of their applications for a local scale air pollution over a complex terrain and stable stratification are discussed in this paper, including: Topography and complex geometry: choose of the co-ordinate system and computer grid; Turbulence closure for air pollution modelling: modified k- model for stable stratified ABL; Boundary conditions for vertical profiles of velocity for stable-stratified atmosphere; Effects of the radiation and thermal budget of inclined surfaces to dispersion of pollutants; Artificial sources of air dynamics and circulation.Some examples of CFD applications for air pollution modelling for a flat terrain, mountainous area, mining open cast and indoor ventilation are discussed. Modified k- model for stably-stratified ABL is suggested. Due to the isotropic character of the k- model a combination of it in vertical with the sub-grid turbulence closure in horizontal can be more suitable for ABL. An effective scheme of boundary conditions for velocity profiles, based on the developed similarity theory for stable-stratified ABL, is suggested. Alongside with the common studies of atmospheric dispersion, the CFD methods have also demonstrated a good potential for studying anthropogenic and artificial-ventilation sources of air dynamic and circulation in local-scale processes of air pollution. 相似文献
118.
Sánchez-Camazano M Lorenzo LF Sánchez-Martín MJ 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,105(1-3):11-24
The inputs of atrazine and alachlor herbicides to surface and ground waters from irrigated areas dedicated to corn cultivation in the Castilla-León (C-L) region (Spain) as related to the application of both herbicides were studied. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used for monitoring the atrazine and alachlor concentrations in 98 water samples taken from these areas. Seventy-nine of the samples were of ground waters and 19 were of surface waters. The concentration ranges of the herbicides detected in the study period (October 1997–October 1998) were 0.04–25.3 g L–1 in the surface waters and 0.04–3.45 g L–1 in the ground waters for atrazine, and 0.06–31.9 g L–1 in the surface waters and 0.05–4.85 g L–1 in the ground waters in the case of alachlor. The highly significant correlation observed between the concentrations of both herbicides in the surface waters (r = 0.89, p < 0.001) pointed to a parallel transport of atrazine and alachlor to these waters. A study was made of the temporal evolution of the concentrations of both herbicides, and it was found a maximum recharge of atrazine in the ground waters for April 1998 and of alachlor in October 1997 and October 1998. The temporal evolution of the concentrations of both herbicides in surface waters was parallel. The highly significant correlations observed between atrazine concentrations determined by ELISA and by HPLC (r = 0.92, p < 0.001) and between alachlor concentrations also determined by both methods (r = 0.96, p < 0.001) confirmed the usefulness of ELISA for monitoring both herbicides in an elevated number of samples. Using HPLC, the presence in some waters of the alachlor ethanesulfonate (ESA) metabolite was found at a concentration range of 0.52–4.01 g L–1. However the interference of ESA in the determination of alachlor by ELISA was negligible. The inputs of atrazine and alachlor to waters found in this study, especially the inputs to ground waters, could pose a risk for human health considering that some waters, though sporadically, are even used for human consumption. 相似文献
119.
IMPACTS OF VISITORS ON SOIL AND VEGETATION OF THE RECREATIONAL AREA “NACIMIENTO DEL RÍO MUNDO” (CASTILLA-LA MANCHA, SPAIN) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Andrés-Abellán M Del Alamo JB Landete-Castillejos T López-Serrano FR García-Morote FA Del Cerro-Barja A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,101(1-3):55-67
This study examines the effects of recreational use on the soil and vegetation at a site of ecological importance (Nacimiento del Río Mundo, Albacete, Spain). The most visited sites showed increased soil compaction of approximately 50%, bare ground increase to 61 ± 10% and a decrease in richness (from 25 ± 2 to 15 ± 2 species), diversity (from 4.0 ± 0.1 to 2.7 ± 0.4) and stratification of plant species (from 80 ± 11 to 21 ± 4%). The most visited sites had 90% less plant species as compared to the least visited. Intense use was associated with the presence of nitrophilous plant and vegetal species with a morphology adapted to heavy trampling. The recreational areas showed a distribution pattern of impact radiating outwards from the most used and degraded point. At the most visited point, Los Chorros (the spring of the river), the impact radiated outwards for about 20 m. A pilot experiment examining the effects of one-year restriction to visitors for access to a formerly impacted area showed a plant cover increase by anthropic and not by native species of 57 percent units. 相似文献
120.
Advances in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have permitted accurate, rapid and quantitative identification of microorganisms in pure cultures regardless of viability or culturability. In this study, a simple sample processing method was investigated for rapid identification and quantification of fungal spores from dust samples using both conventional and real-time PCR. The proposed method was evaluated for susceptibility to interference from environmental dust samples. Stachybotrys chartarum and Aspergillus fumigatus were used as test organisms. The sensitivity of detection in pure culture was 0.1 spore DNA equivalents per PCR reaction corresponding to 20 spores ml(-1) in the sample. However, 1 spore DNA equivalent per PCR reaction corresponding to 200 spores ml(-1) in the sample was the lowest amount of spores tested without interference in dust samples spiked with spores of either fungal species. The extent of inhibition was calculated using conventional and real-time PCR reactions containing fungal spores, specific primers, specific probes (for real-time PCR) and various amounts of dust. The results indicate that the extent of inhibition by dust on PCR varies with the type and amount of dust, and number of spores. No interference in the analysis of spiked samples was detected from 0.2 mg ml(-1) of four real-life dust samples at p-value >0.05 using 2 x 10(4) spores for conventional PCR and 2 x 10(5) spores for real-time PCR. However, samples containing >0.2 mg ml(-1) real-life dust compromised the PCR assay. These results suggest the potential usefulness of a simple sample processing method in conjunction with PCR for monitoring the fungal content of aerosols collected from indoor environments. 相似文献