富氧条件下等离子体协同改性NaY分子筛催化分解NO_x研究

用不同浓度的Cu、Ce和La离子交换Na Y分子筛,对比了不同改性条件下等离子体协同分解NO_x的性能.实验结果表明:Cu是NO_x催化分解的主要活性组分,对于8%Cu-Na Y催化剂,当放电电压为10 k V,放电功率为7.6 W时,NO_x转化率可达46.3%,反应产物中没有NO_2,只有11 ppm的N_2O.Ce的加入可以有效提高催化剂催化活性,对于5%Ce-8%Cu-NaY催化剂,当放电电压为7.8 kV,功率为3.6 W时,NO_x转化率可达67.3%.La的加入同样可以使催化剂活性上升,但不同La含量催化剂的NO_x转化率相差较小.     

Controlling cyanobacterial blooms by managing nutrient ratio and limitation in a large hypereutrophic lake: Lake Taihu, China

Excessive nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loading of aquatic ecosystems is a leading cause of eutrophication and harmful algal blooms worldwide, and reducing nutrient levels in water has been a primary management objective. To provide a rational protection strategy and predict future trends of eutrophication in eutrophic lakes, we need to understand the relationships between nutrient ratios and nutrient limitations. We conducted a set of outdoor bioassays at the shore of Lake Taihu. It showed that N only additions induced phytoplankton growth but adding only P did not. Combined N plus P additions promoted higher phytoplankton biomass than N only additions, which suggested that both N and P were deficient for maximum phytoplankton growth in this lake (TN:TP = 18.9). When nutrients are present at less than 7.75-13.95 mg/L TN and 0.41-0.74 mg/L TP, the deficiency of either N or P or both limits the growth of phytoplankton. N limitation then takes place when the TN:TP ratio is less than 21.5-24.7 (TDN:TDP was 34.2-44.3), and P limitation occurs above this. Therefore, according to this ratio, controlling N when N limitation exists and controlling P when P deficiency is present will prevent algal blooms effectively in the short term. But for the long term, a persistent dual nutrient (N and P) management strategy is necessary.     

Piriformospora indica confers cadmium tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum

Piriformospora indica, a root-colonizing endophytic fungus of Sebacinales, promotes plant growth and confers resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. In order to confirm the influence of P. indica on growth, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), chlorophyll, and cadmium (Cd) amounts in Nicotiana tabacum under Cd stress, hydroponics, pot and field trials were conducted. The results showed that P. indica can store Cd in plant roots and reduce leaf Cd content, reduce the concentration of MDA, and increase the proline and chlorophyll content and the activities of catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase under hydroponic Cd stress. RT-PCR analysis showed that the relative expression level of genes Gsh2, TaPCS1, oas1, GPX, and Hsp70 in colonized plants was 4.3, 1.4, 2.9, 1.7, and 6.9 fold higher than in un-colonized plants respectively. Cd exposure significantly reduced un-colonized plants'' agronomic traits compared to P. indica-colonized ones. Our results suggested that P. indica can sequester Cd in roots, so that much less cadmium was transported to leaves, and the increased concentrations of antioxidant enzymes, pigments and proline contents, as well as the higher expression of stress-related phytochelatin biosynthesis genes in P. indica-inoculated plants, may also serve to protect N. tabacum plants against oxidative damage, enhancing Cd tolerance.     

2种四环素类抗生素在凹凸棒石黏土中的吸附研究

通过静态吸附实验,探究凹凸棒石黏土对四环素和土霉素的吸附动力学;采用准一级动力学、准二级动力学和颗粒内扩散模型拟合实验数据,分析吸附过程。测定凹凸棒石黏土对四环素和土霉素的动态吸附曲线和吸附容量,研究凹凸棒石黏土对水溶液中四环素和土霉素的动态吸附性能。探讨初始质量浓度对穿透曲线的影响,采用Thomas模型对动态试验数据拟合,获得相关参数。结果表明,凹凸棒石黏土能够有效去除水中的四环素和土霉素,且四环素的吸附容量高于土霉素,在初始浓度为400mg/L时,对四环素的饱和吸附量达74.5mg/g,对土霉素的饱和吸附量达69.2mg/g。穿透曲线呈S型,且随着初始浓度的增大,穿透点向左移,穿透时间缩短,平衡吸附量增加。     

基于演化博弈的流域生态补偿与监管决策研究

在假定一个上游政府已经与一个下游政府签订流域生态保护协议的基础上,利用演化博弈理论分析了上游政府面向辖区内行为主体的生态补偿与监管决策问题。根据得益矩阵建立了流域生态保护策略选择的演化博弈模型,利用复制动态分析了3种情况下的演化稳定策略,并基于演化博弈分析给出了流域生态补偿与监管的政策建议。     

不同消解方法对COD测量准确度影响

介绍了化学需氧量(COD)测量中不同消解方法及其特点。通过实验,对比了国标法、微波消解法、密封消解法对实验结果的影响。实验结果表明:在COD含量较低的情况下,国标法和微波消解法测定的结果具有较高的可信度;而在COD含量较高的情况下,微波消解法和密封消解法可获得令人满意的结果。     

烟气处理脱硫废水的HCL产物对锅炉系统的影响

利用烟气对脱硫废水实施零排放具有初投资和运行费用低,运行维护量少等显著优势,但其工程应用在国内尚属起步阶段。本文着重研究该工艺产生的腐蚀性产物HCL气体对烟道的腐蚀程度、石灰石消耗量以及对废水产生量的影响进行定量计算研究,对采用该工艺的脱硫废水处理提供技术支持和借鉴。     

噪声污染侵权责任中“噪声污染”的界定

判定是否承担噪声污染侵权责任首先是对噪声污染的概念的界定,现行法律对该概念的界定主要采用“超标+干扰”的主客观相结合要件,实践中出现了扰民但噪声不超标的情况,由于不符合“环境噪声污染”概念而难以得到救济.对噪声污染概念的重构需要考虑到行政法中和侵权法中该概念的不同,其蕴含的价值区别.参考国外立法并结合我国实际应将超过忍受限度作为对噪声污染概念界定的标准之一,在保护人身的同时将对财产的保护也纳入保护范围之内.在环境噪声污染侵权中,法院在适用法律裁判案件时,不应运用《环境噪声污染防治法》中关于环境噪声污染概念的界定.     

新生代员工与传统老员工安全行为的差异研究

不同时代的员工安全行为受相关个体变量的影响并不一致,如何提高新生代员工安全行为是企业安全管理中急需解决的问题之一.运用结构方程模型的方法,通过对新生代员工和传统老员工两个群组进行对比分析,研究新生代员工和传统老员工安全行为受心理资本、安全动机和安全知识三个变量的影响是否具有差异性.结果表明:新生代员工安全行为受心理资本、安全动机和安全知识的影响均比传统老员工显著要大,且具有以下三个差异:①新老员工心理资本对安全遵从行为的影响存在显著差异;②新老员工安全动机对安全参与行为的影响存在显著差异;③新老员工安全知识对安全参与行为的影响存在显著差异.该研究可为探索更为有效的新生代员工安全行为管理模式提供依据.     

基于可拓云模型的电力生产安全综合评估方法

为保证电力生产过程的安全性,必须对其安全水平进行客观合理的评估.针对电力生产安全评估的特点,全面考虑安全生产分级边界的模糊性和随机性,采用可拓云理论来评估电力生产安全综合状态.首先结合现代安全管理理论和生产实际建立电力生产安全综合评估指标体系,并采用主客观综合赋权法确定各评估指标的权重;然后综合云模型本身的不确定推理特性和可拓学中物元理论兼具定性、定量分析的特点,构建可拓云模型进行评估,并引入置信度因子和危险因子标识评估结果的可信信息和危险信息;最后通过算例分析验证了该方法的可行性和合理性.