Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) in biosolids from municipal wastewater treatment plants in China

Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) along with methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) have been frequently identified as natural compounds in marine environment and also assumed as metabolites of PBDEs. In the present study, nine OH-PBDE, nine MeO-PBDE and 10 PBDE congeners were studied in the sewage sludge collected from 36 municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in 27 cities of China. The results suggest that OH-PBDEs and PBDEs are ubiquitous in sewage sludge in China, however, methoxylated PBDEs were not detectable. Composition profiles of detected OH-PBDE congeners were different depending on the sampling location. ΣOH-PBDEs in WWTPs sludge ranged from 0.04 to 2.24 ng g^?1 dry weight (mean: 0.35 ng g^?1 dry weight). The total amount of the two most prominent congeners (6-OH-BDE-47 + 2′-OH-BDE-68) accounted for about 53.3–100% of the sum of all six identified congeners. A significant linear relationship was found between 6-OH-BDE-47 and 2′-OH-BDE-68. A distinct geographical distribution of ΣOH-PBDEs was observed with greater concentrations of OH-PBDEs at coastal areas than inland regions in China.     

紫外—荧光检测器高效液相色谱法测定PM2.5中16种多环芳烃

建立了一种利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)同时分离和测定大气颗粒物中16种优控多环芳烃(PAHs)的方法。样品经二氯甲烷超声提取,浓缩后经乙腈定容,以乙腈和水作为流动相进行反相HPLC梯度淋洗分离后,由紫外检测器串联程序波长荧光检测器检测。通过实验条件的优化,实现了16种PAHs组分基线完全分离和高灵敏度检测。16种PAHs检测限为0.05～1.20μg/L,回收率在75.0%～106.0%,相对标准偏差在0.27%～7.42%,均符合方法学的要求。将该方法用于测定贵阳市不同功能区PM2.5中PAHs的含量,具有快速简便、准确灵敏、重现性好等优点,适合大批量样品的分析。     

HZ-16型大孔树脂吸附处理含RDT-8废水

采用HZ-16型大孔树脂对含三（三溴苯氧基）三嗪（RDT-8）废水进行吸附及脱附处理。实验结果表明：在废水流量为4.0 BV/h的条件下,树脂最佳吸附工艺条件为出水体积88.0 BV,此条件下出水COD小于291 mg/L,挥发酚质量浓度小于0.08 mg/L;在脱附液流量为0.5 BV/h的条件下,树脂最佳脱附工艺条件为脱附液体积3.0 BV,此条件下脱附液中挥发酚质量浓度为30.6 mg/L,挥发酚脱附率高达76.4%。在最佳吸附-脱附工艺条件下,连续进行10次动态吸附-脱附实验,吸附出水中COD为137~294 mg/L,COD去除率为72.5%~89.1%,挥发酚质量浓度稳定在0.05 mg/L以下,挥发酚去除率为99.8%~100%,说明HZ-16型大孔树脂的吸附-脱附性能稳定。     

Salicylic acid involved in the regulation of nutrient elements uptake and oxidative stress in Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara under Pb stress

In this study, the alterations in nutrient elements content, reactive oxygen species level and antioxidant response were studied in leaves of Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara exposed to salicylic acid (SA, 10 or 100 μM), or Pb (50 μM) or their combinations for 4 d. No significant alterations in Mn and Ca content were observed but content of Cu, Zn, Fe and P decreased in plants exposed to SA alone. SA application inhibited the uptake of Pb and partially reversed Pb-induced the alterations in Mn, Ca and Fe content in leaves of V. natans exposed to 50 μM Pb. The decreased chlorophyll (a + b) and increased malondialdehyde and O²⁻ and H₂O₂ content were detected in plants exposed to 100 μM SA, 50 μM Pb, 10 μM SA + 50 μM Pb or 100 μM SA + 50 μM Pb. Application SA partially inhibited Pb-induced the increase of malondialdehyde, O²⁻ and H₂O₂ content. 100 μM SA decreased the activity of NADH oxidase and the content of non-protein thiols, carotenoids and ascorbic acid and increased the content of dehydroascorbate in plants treated with or without Pb. SA alone decreased the ascorbate peroxidase activity and increased the catalase and peroxidase activity, while SA application increased catalase activity but had no significant effect on ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidase activity in V. natans exposed to Pb. The results indicate that SA involves in the regulation of Pb uptake, nutrient balance and oxidative stress.     

Characterization of ACC deaminase-producing endophytic bacteria isolated from copper-tolerant plants and their potential in promoting the growth and copper accumulation of Brassica napus

One hundred Cu-resistant-endophytic bacteria were isolated from Cu-tolerant plants grown on Cu mine wasteland, of which, eight Cu-resistant and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase-producing endophytic bacteria were obtained based on the ACC deaminase activity of the bacteria and characterized with respect to metal resistance, production of ACC deaminase, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) as well as siderophores and mineral phosphate solubilization. Ralstonia sp. J1-22-2, Pantoea agglomerans Jp3-3, and Pseudomonas thivervalensis Y1-3-9 with higher ACC deaminase activity (ranging from 213 to 370 μM α-ketobutyrate mg(-1)h(-1)) were evaluated for promoting plant growth and Cu uptake of rape grown in quartz sand containing 0, 2.5, and 5 mg kg(-1) of Cu in pot experiments. The eight bacteria were found to exhibit different multiple heavy metal resistance characteristics, to show different levels of ACC deaminase activity and to produce indole acetic acid. Seven bacteria produced siderophores and solubilized inorganic phosphate. Pot experiments showed that inoculation with the strains (J1-22-2, Jp3-3, and Y1-3-9) was found to increase the biomass of rape. Increases in above-ground tissue Cu contents of rape cultivated in 2.5 and 5 mg kg(-1) of Cu-contaminated substrates varied from 9% to 31% and from 3 to 4-fold respectively in inoculated-rape plants compared to the uninoculated control. The maximum Cu uptake of rape was observed after inoculation with P. agglomerans Jp3-3. The results show that metal-resistant and plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria play an important role in plant growth and Cu uptake which may provide a new endophytic bacterial-assisted phytoremediation of Cu-contaminated environment.     

基于生态安全格局的湖州市城乡建设用地空间管制分区

生态安全格局对于指导城乡建设用地布局具有重要意义。选择地形条件、地质灾害、土壤侵蚀、生物保护、一般水体保护和太湖湖体保护6个要素作为城乡建设用地空间扩展的生态约束条件,基于GIS空间分析方法和“水桶效应”原理,对湖州市综合生态安全进行评价,制作了湖州市综合生态安全格局即安全区、临界安全区、较不安全区和不安全区的空间分布图,比照湖州市现状建设用地分布图与综合生态安全等级分布图,得到湖州市现状城乡建设用地生态安全格局,根据湖州市生态安全格局,确定湖州市城乡建设用地优先建设区、条件建设区、限制建设区和禁止建设区面积及其空间分布,对湖州市城乡建设用地边界即挖潜边界、扩展边界、整理边界和禁建边界等进行了界定,从而为湖州市城乡建设用地的优化配置和差异化管理决策提供依据     

有机化纳米粘土基絮凝吸附材料对马铃薯淀粉加工废水的资源化处理

采用物理化学提纯方法制备了有机化纳米粘土基絮凝吸附材料,经过以聚乙二醇2000(PEG-2000)、十六烷基三甲基溴化氨(CTAB)、四丁基氢氧化铵(TBAOH,质量分数25％)和溴化四苯基磷(TPPB)4种表面活性剂对絮凝吸附材料进行有机化修饰,并将其应用于马铃薯淀粉加工废水的资源化处理.实验结果表明,有机化纳米粘土...     

鸭绿江口及毗邻浅海沉积物重金属的分布特征与风险评价

采用重金属的富集系数和多金属污染度分析鸭绿江口及毗邻浅海沉积物重金属的分布特征.结果表明:鸭绿江口及毗邻浅海沉积物Cu、Hg和Cd属于重要的污染因子;多金属污染度高强度分布区与高含沙量区存在对应关系,但对重金属富集影响更大的是人类活动.采用潜在生态风险指数法与生物效应阈值浓度法2种评价方法进行研究区的生态风险评价,结果...     

页岩对污泥氨气挥发的抑制作用

氨气是城市污水污泥产生的恶臭气体之一,控制或抑制其产生是资源化利用甚至处置过程中至关重要的.通过改进氨气测量方法定量分析外掺页岩对污泥氨气挥发的抑制作用和机理,实验研究了页岩掺量、陈放形式以及环境温度对污泥氨气挥发浓度的影响.结果表明,外掺页岩对污泥氨气挥发具有明显的抑制作用,随温度升高、陈放时间延长抑制效果有所减弱但仍具有明显作用;页岩对污泥氨气挥发的抑制作用主要为对氨气的吸附作用.