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881.
2014年秋季对全国14个典型潮间带沉积物间隙水与上覆水中不同形态氮的空间分布特征进行了调查,结合沉积物粒度、人类活动等影响因素对其主要影响因子进行了研究。结果表明:间隙水中氮的浓度均受到周边人类活动的影响,流域氮输入是导致河口区间隙水氮浓度高于非河口区的原因之一。不同粒径沉积物对氮的保持能力也是影响其浓度的重要因素。在河口区,人口密度、农田面积和污水排放量对间隙水中DIN浓度有一定影响,海水养殖面积对间隙水中DON浓度有重要影响。其中大辽河口、九龙江口和珠江口潮间带间隙水主要受人口密度的影响,大沽河口主要受人口密度和农田面积的影响,闽江口主要受人口密度和污水排放量的影响,黄河口主要受海水养殖的影响。在非河口区,污水排放量对潮间带间隙水中DON影响显著,由于非河口区养殖降低了氮营养盐尤其是硝酸盐浓度,海水养殖面积和种类对DIN的浓度和结构有明显影响。其中苏北浅滩间隙水中氮主要受污水排放的影响,北戴河沙滩、四十里湾和英罗湾均受海水养殖的影响。 相似文献
882.
珠江三角洲新垦大气核化速率研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
计算了珠江三角洲新垦地区的大气核化速率,对核化机制及核化速率计算的影响因素进行了分析. 基于PRIDE-PRD2004观测实验期间新垦站点的气溶胶数浓度谱分布观测数据,计算出3 nm粒子的表观形成速率. 根据表观形成速率与核化速率之间的关系式,分析了1 nm粒径临界核的大气核化速率. 结果表明,新粒子事件期间3 nm粒子的表观形成速率为7.2~9.4 cm-3·s-1,1 nm临界核的大气核化速率为7.65×102~1.14×105 cm-3,与前体物硫酸蒸气浓度比较一致,气态硫酸应是主要的核化前体物. 新垦地区背景气溶胶中积聚模态对碰并汇贡献较大,事件期间气溶胶数浓度变化对核化速率计算结果影响不大. 本研究获取了新垦核化速率信息,有助于进一步了解核化机制. 由于成核临界粒径的不确定性对核化速率计算结果影响很大,确定成核临界粒径对核化速率计算十分重要. 相似文献
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886.
不同植物对石油污染的耐受性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
石油污染已成为世界各国普遍关注的环境问题,土壤中石油类污染物的植物修复因具有众多优势而被人们广泛关注,而耐受性强的修复植物的选择是研究的重点,因此,采用皿培的方法对几种待选植物种子进行培养,对其在不同浓度石油污染的土壤中的出芽率进行分析,并持续观察其植株的生长状况,评价植物在各个浓度石油污染土壤中的耐受性,结果可得:低浓度石油污染土壤(0.5%)对植物种子萌芽和植株生长均有一定的促进作用,中高浓度(1%~3%)石油污染土壤对种子萌芽和植株生长具有抑制作用,在受试五种植物中,红三叶种子的石油污染耐受性最强。 相似文献
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888.
Zhaoxing Han Zhenyao Shen Yongwei Gong Qian Hong 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(1):119-129
Emission trading is one of the most effective alternatives to controlling water pollution. Water environmental functional
zone (WEFZ) is used to determine the water quality standard and identify the zone boundary for each river or reach. In this
study, a new emission trading scheme was addressed based on WEFZ, accounting for both the temporal dimension and water quality
control. A temporal factor of emission trading was proposed based on variations in the environmental capacity within a year
by dividing the year into three periods, including high, normal, and low periods of environmental capacity. During each period,
emission trading was implemented exclusively. A water quality-control scheme was suggested based on the water quality requirement
in the water functional zone, in which the water quality at the downstream boundary of the zone was required to meet the water
standard following auto-purification in the stream. Two methods of calculating water quality control are addressed for point-source
pollution and non-point-source pollution. The calculated temporal dimension and water quality control were located in Dongxi
River of the Daning Watershed in the Three Gorges Watershed. The high period was during June, July, and August, the normal
period was during April, May, September, and October, and the low period was during January, February, March, November, and
December. The results from the water quality calculation demonstrated that the discharge of point-source and non-point-source
pollutions led to an excess of common contaminants at the downstream boundary of WEFZ. The temporal and spatial factors above
should be incorporated into the emission trading scheme based on WEFZ. 相似文献
889.
Jiarui Han Qian Ye Zhongwei Yan Meiyan Jiao Jiangjiang Xia 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(4):533-542
The purpose of improving weather forecast is to enhance the accuracy in weather prediction. An ideal forecasting system would
incorporate user-end information. In recent years, the meteorological community has begun to realize that while general improvements
to the physical characteristics of weather forecasting systems are becoming asymptotically limited, the improvement from the
user end still has potential. The weather forecasting system should include user interaction because user needs may change
with different weather. A study was conducted on the conceptual forecasting system that included a dynamic, user-oriented
interactive component. This research took advantage of the recently implemented TIGGE (THORPEX interactive grand global ensemble)
project in China, a case study that was conducted to test the new forecasting system with reservoir managers in Linyi City,
Shandong Province, a region rich in rivers and reservoirs in eastern China. A self-improving forecast system was developed
involving user feedback throughout a flood season, changing thresholds for flood-inducing rainfall that were responsive to
previous weather and hydrological conditions, and dynamic user-oriented assessments of the skill and uncertainty inherent
in weather prediction. This paper discusses ideas for developing interactive, user-oriented forecast systems. 相似文献
890.