外生菌根真菌Xerocomus chrysenteron产漆酶能力及其对外加DDT和重金属的响应

为评价外生菌根真菌红绒盖牛肝菌(Xerocomus chrysenteron)在不同营养条件和污染条件下产漆酶的能力,采用改良的Kottke营养液培养法研究了不同碳氮比、DDT处理和重金属处理对X.chrysenteron漆酶活性的影响,探讨了不同处理对漆酶活性的影响机制。结果表明:(1)X.chrysenteron漆酶粗酶对底物ABTS的米氏常数Km值为0.038 mmol·L-1。在接种X.chrysenteron后,漆酶活性的峰值出现在菌丝生长的稳定期,静置培养63 d后漆酶活性可达118 U·L-1。在静置和振荡条件下,X.chrysenteron在改良的Kottke营养液中的最大产漆酶量均为157 U·L-1,振荡培养不能提高最大漆酶产量。高的碳氮比条件下(葡萄糖与(NH4)2HPO4质量浓度之比为20)可以获得较大的漆酶活性。(2)在培养的第54天,1 mg·L-1 DDT和5 mg·L-1DDT处理的培养基中的漆酶活性相比对照分别提高了0.5倍和1倍,显示出DDT对产漆酶的诱导作用。(3)低浓度(1 mmol·L-1)的不同重金属对X.chrysenteron漆酶活性有不同的影响,在培养的第54天,Cu和Cd能够将漆酶活性分别提高2.6倍和0.3倍,Mn对漆酶活性没有明显的影响,Zn降低了漆酶活性,Hg则完全抑制了漆酶活性。高浓度的Cu(5 mmol·L-1)对漆酶活性的提高不明显,而高浓度的Cd(5 mmol·L-1)则降低了漆酶活性。重金属对X.chrysenteron漆酶活性的影响机制可能包括通过对漆酶基因的诱导或抑制,以及对菌丝生物量的影响,进而对漆酶活性产生影响。研究表明,高的碳氮比、适当质量浓度的DDT处理及低浓度的Cu、Cd处理均能促进X.chrysenteron产漆酶,显示出其在POPs和重金属复合污染环境下对POPs的降解潜力。     

多溴联苯醚微生物降解过程与机理的研究进展

多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)属溴代阻燃剂,曾因其优良的阻燃性能而广泛应用于电子电器、石油化工和建材纺织等工业产品中.然而,随着大量生产和使用,PBDEs已成为大气、水体、土壤和生物体等多环境介质中普遍检出且极具生态风险的有机污染物.因此,开展微生物降解研究对于典型环境中PBDEs污染风险消除和污染修复,具有重要的科学意义.本文从PBDEs环境归趋行为及其暴露风险出发,综述了PBDEs微生物厌氧降解和好氧降解的最新研究动态,比较分析了两种降解过程的降解特性与影响因素,并针对微生物,尤其是好氧微生物降解机理,阐述了bph A或etb A功能基因及其编码酶对PBDEs好氧降解过程的调控作用,同时就PBDEs微生物高效降解菌种选育、降解机理等方面的研究趋势进行了展望.     

Molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at a large-scale antimony mining area in southern China

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) have great potential for assisting heavy metal hyperaccumulators in the remediation of contaminated soils. However, little information is available about the community composition of AMF under natural conditions in soils contaminated by antimony(Sb). The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of AMF molecular diversity, and to explore the effects of Sb content and soil properties on the AMF community structure in an Sb mining area. Four Sb mine spoils and one adjacent reference area were selected from around the Xikuangshan mine in southern China. The association of AMF molecular diversity and community composition with the rhizosphere soils of the dominant plant species was studied by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE). Results from all five studied sites showed that the diversity of AMF decreased with increasing Sb concentration. Principal component analysis(PCA) indicated that the AMF community structure was markedly different among these groups. Further redundancy analysis(RDA) showed that Sb contamination was the dominating factor influencing the AMF community structure in the Sb mine area. However, the multivariate analysis showed that, apart from the soil Sb content, extractable nitrogen content and organic matter content also attributed to AMF sequence distribution type. Some AMF sequences were only found in the highly contaminated area and these might be ideal candidates for improving phytoremediation efficiency in Sb mining regions. Gene sequencing analysis revealed that most species were affiliated with Glomus, suggesting that Glomus was the dominant AMF genus in the studied Sb mining area.     

工业企业清洁生产审核实践——以中航沈飞民用飞机有限责任公司为例

文章总结了中航工业沈飞民机公司实施清洁生产审核的实践过程,在对全公司的生产现状、原辅材料消耗、废物产生情况、能源消耗情况进行分析后,针对管理和生产中存在的问题,提出具体的清洁生产方案,论证具体方案的环境经济效益后,投入公司正常生产运行环节,有效削减能源和原料消耗,减少污染物排放水平,提升公司的国际市场竞争力,实现经济和环境的和谐发展。     

城市生活垃圾焚烧持久性有机污染物(POPs)研究进展

综述了城市生活垃圾焚烧过程中涉及的持久性有机污染物的种类、单体分布特征、质量平衡特征、相互转化关系及I-TEQ指示化合物相关研究进展,以期为国内垃圾焚烧厂的污染控制提供新的思路。     

Interactive response of photosynthetic characteristics in Haloxylon ammodendron and Hedysarum scoparium exposed to soil water and air vapor pressure deficits

C₄ plants possess better drought tolerance than C₃ plants. However, Hedysarum scoparium, a C₃ species, is dominant and widely distributed in the desert areas of northwestern China due to its strong drought tolerance. This study compared it with Haloxylon ammodendron, a C₄ species, regarding the interactive effects of drought stress and different leaf–air vapor pressure deficits. Variables of interest included gas exchange, the activity levels of key C₄ photosynthetic enzymes, and cellular anatomy. In both species, gas exchange parameters were more sensitive to high vapor pressure deficit than to strong water stress, and the net CO₂ assimilation rate (A_n) was enhanced as vapor pressure deficits increased. A close relationship between A_n and stomatal conductance (g_s) suggested that the species shared a similar response mechanism. In H. ammodendron, the activity levels of key C₄ enzymes were higher, including those of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-malate enzyme (NADP-ME), whereas in H. scoparium, the activity level of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-malate enzyme (NAD-ME) was higher. Meanwhile, H. scoparium utilized adaptive structural features, including a larger relative vessel area and a shorter distance from vein to stomata, which facilitated the movement of water. These findings implied that some C₄ biochemical pathways were present in H. scoparium to respond to environmental challenges.     

航道疏浚工程环境影响评价技术评估研究

航道疏浚工程是指为了维护和提高航道尺度,利用挖泥船或其他机具进行航道加深或拓宽的一类工程.航道疏浚工程环境影响评价的技术评估应遵循《建设项目环境影响技术评估导则》,结合水、气、声、固废、生态等环境影响因子,从施工期角度,评估污染源强以及施工工艺和施工时序的合理性,以及工程带来的环境影响及采取的各项环保措施的可靠性、合理性.此类项目重点关注环境问题是疏浚及抛泥工程对水环境及水生生物带来的影响及防治措施.     

政府采购环境标志电子产品的环境效益分析

实施政府绿色采购,引导和推动消费和生产向更可持续的方向发展是解决环境问题,实现经济社会全面可持续发展的必然要求.进行绿色采购成本效益分析是政府绿色采购政策可持续推进发展的有力保障.本文在介绍了中国环境标产品政府采购的现状和国外相关政府绿色采购环境效益研究的基础上,针对电子产品展开了相应的环境效益分析,最后对国内广泛开展此项工作的存在的问题和挑战进行了总结.     

中国木质林产品碳足迹的产业链分布特征分析

中国是木质林产品的生产、消费和出口大国,分析其产品碳足迹的分布特征对于林产行业的国际贸易和节能减排工作具有重要意义。文章采用投入产出生命周期模型计算中国木质林产品的碳足迹,并对不同种类木质林产品产业链上的碳足迹分布进行分析。研究结果表明,产品碳足迹总量最大的木质林产品是木家具(占总量的36%),而单位产品碳足迹强度最大的木质林产品是纸制品(占整体的16%);针对林产品行业内部的产业链角度,碳足迹的主要流量发生在从用材林的种植和养护业到最终产品的制造;林产品产业行业外部,碳足迹的贡献则主要来自于金属冶炼及压延加工业、化石燃料开采业等行业,这2个行业碳足迹贡献分别占21%和18%;整体上,中国木质林产品生产中温室气体的排放以燃料燃烧产生的二氧化碳为主,这与产业链外其他行业的碳贡献密不可分。研究表明,通过碳足迹在产业链上的分布可以有助于分析林产品碳排放的工作重心。