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101.
P. Brosche G. N. Tomby H. Genz C. W. Rees F. Boschke H. Autrum 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1977,64(4):227-228
102.
Dyke GJ Dortangs RW Jagt JW Mulder EW Schulp AS Chiappe LM 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2002,89(9):408-411
Birds known from more than isolated skeletal elements are rare in the fossil record, especially from the European Mesozoic. This paucity has hindered interpretations of avian evolution immediately prior to, and in the aftermath of, the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) extinction event. We report on a specimen of a large ornithurine bird (closely related to Ichthyornis) from the uppermost Cretaceous (Maastricht Formation) of Belgium. This is the first record of a bird from these historic strata and the only phylogenetically informative ornithurine to be recovered from the Mesozoic of Europe. Because this new specimen was collected from 40 m below the K-T boundary (approximate age of 65.8 Ma), it is also the youngest non-neornithine (=non-modern) bird known from anywhere in the world. 相似文献
103.
Kumar S Dagar SS Mohanty AK Sirohi SK Puniya M Kuhad RC Sangu KP Griffith GW Puniya AK 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2011,98(6):457-472
Methanogens, the members of domain Archaea are potent contributors in global warming. Being confined to the strict anaerobic environment, their direct cultivation as
pure culture is quite difficult. Therefore, a range of culture-independent methods have been developed to investigate their
numbers, substrate uptake patterns, and identification in complex microbial communities. Unlike other approaches, fluorescence
in situ hybridization (FISH) is not only used for faster quantification and accurate identification but also to reveal the
physiological properties and spatiotemporal dynamics of methanogens in their natural environment. Aside from the methodological
aspects and application of FISH, this review also focuses on culture-dependent and -independent techniques employed in enumerating
methanogens along with associated problems. In addition, the combination of FISH with micro-autoradiography that could also
be an important tool in investigating the activities of methanogens is also discussed. 相似文献
104.
Matthew Rees Lloyd Sansom Allan Rofe Albert L. Juhasz Euan Smith John Weber Ravi Naidu Tim Kuchel 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2009,31(Z1):167-177
The assessment of arsenic (As) bioavailability from contaminated matrices is a crucial parameter for reducing the uncertainty
when estimating exposure for human health risk assessment. In vivo assessment of As utilising swine is considered an appropriate
model for human health risk assessment applications as swine are remarkably similar to humans in terms of physiology and As
metabolism. While limited in vivo As bioavailability data is available in the literature, few details have been provided regarding
technical considerations for performing in vivo assays. This paper describes, with examples, surgical, experimental design
and analytical issues associated with performing chronic and acute in vivo swine assays to determine As bioavailability in
contaminated soil and food. 相似文献
105.
It is now widely recognised that good communication between multi-disciplinary stakeholders is central to effective flood risk management. Recent developments in Geographical Information Systems, increased availability of accurate digital terrain models from remotely sensed data sources and improved graphical computer interfaces have made the outputs from computer models of flood inundation easily accessible to the stakeholder community. As a consequence, predictions from such models are now being used routinely as a means of communication between engineers and other stakeholders in flood risk management. This paper provides a review of the modelling methods most appropriate for flood risk communication. These are one-dimensional models which are suitable for simulating flood risk at a catchment or sub-catchment scale and appropriate for communicating the impact of strategic flood management decisions and two-dimensional models which can be applied across a range of scales but, are now being regularly applied at the relatively small scale, less than 10 km2, where they have the potential to inform and communicate disaster management decisions. The role of such models in communicating between modellers and non-modellers by providing a means for immediate visualisation of “the future” is discussed and illustrated by application to two case studies. 相似文献
106.
ALan F. Rees Dimitris Margaritoulis Robert Newman Thomas E. Riggall Paul Tsaros Judith A. Zbinden Brendan J. Godley 《Marine Biology》2013,160(3):519-529
Much is still to be learned about the spatial ecology of foraging marine turtles, especially for juveniles and adult males which have received comparatively little attention. Additionally, there is a paucity of ecological information on growth rates, size and age at maturity, and sex ratios at different life stages; data vital for successful population modelling. Here, we present results of a long-term (2002–2011) study on the movements, residency, growth and sex ratio of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) in Amvrakikos Gulf (39°0′N 21°0′E), Greece, using satellite telemetry (N = 8) and ongoing capture–mark–recapture (CMR; N = 300 individuals). Individuals encountered at sea ranged from large juvenile to adult (46.2–91.5 cm straight carapace length) and demonstrated growth rates within published norms (<2.7 cm yr?1) that slowed with increasing body size. We revealed that an unexpectedly high proportion of animals were male (>44 % of captures above 65 cm straight carapace length), compared to region-wide female-biased hatchling production, indicating sex-biased survival or possible behavioural drivers for likelihood of capture in the region. Satellite tracking confirmed that some turtles establish discrete, protracted periods of residency spanning more than 1 year, whilst others migrated away from the site. These findings are underlined by CMR results with individual capture histories spanning up to 7 years, and only 18 % of individuals being recaptured. 相似文献
107.
正质谱技术的进步,使得分析方法的检测限不断降低,推动了许多有关环境和食品中痕量污染物的研究.通常情况下,亚ppb级的污染物水平分析,首选串联四极杆质谱.使用WatersXevoG2-S QTof可轻松实现对10-9级别的已知和未知化合物的筛查,如果增大样品进样体积,还可进一步提高灵敏度.而仅依靠MS/MS,是无法得到未知物或大量污染物的分析结果的.结合Xevo G2-S QTof的高精确质量数准确度(3×10-6)在低浓度水平下进行筛查实验,对许多环境分析 相似文献
108.
Mark Farrell William T. Perkins Gareth W. Griffith 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(1):55-64
Soils contaminated with heavy metals can pose a major risk to freshwaters and food chains. In this study, the success of organic and inorganic intervention strategies to alleviate toxicity in a highly acidic soil heavily contaminated with As, Cu, Pb, and Zn was evaluated over 112 d in a mesocosm trial. Amelioration of metal toxicity was assessed by measuring changes in soil solution chemistry, metal leaching, plant growth, and foliar metal accumulation. Either green waste- or MSW-derived composts increased plant yield and rooting depth, reduced plant metal uptake, and raised the pH and nutrient status of the soil. We conclude that composts are well suited for promoting the re-vegetation of contaminated sites; however, care must be taken to ensure that very short-term leaching pulses of heavy metals induced by compost amendment are not of sufficient magnitude to cause contamination of the wider environment. 相似文献
109.
This study presents a new method to visualise forced-gradient tracer tests in 2-D using a laboratory-scale aquifer physical model. Experiments were designed to investigate the volume of aquifer sampled in vertical dipole flow tracer tests (DFTT) and push-pull tests (PPT), using a miniature monitoring well and straddle packer arrangement equipped with solute injection and recovery chambers. These tests have previously been used to estimate bulk aquifer hydraulic and transport properties for the evaluation of natural attenuation and other remediation approaches. Experiments were performed in a silica glass bead-filled box, using a fluorescent tracer (fluorescein) to deduce conservative solute transport paths. Digital images of fluorescein transport were captured under ultraviolet light and processed to analyse tracer plume geometry and obtain point-concentration breakthrough histories. Inorganic anion mixtures were also used to obtain conventional tracer breakthrough histories. Concentration data from the conservative tracer breakthrough curves was compared with the digital images and a well characterised numerical model. The results show that the peak tracer breakthrough response in dipole flow tracer tests samples a zone of aquifer close to the well screen, while the sampling volume of push-pull tests is limited by the length of the straddle packers used. The effective sampling volume of these single well forced-gradient tests in isotropic conditions can be estimated with simple equations. The experimental approach offers the opportunity to evaluate under controlled conditions the theoretical basis, design and performance of DFTTs and PPTs in porous media in relation to measured flow and transport properties. 相似文献
110.
Lewis G Juhasz A Smith E 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,19(7):2697-2707