我国石油需求预测及经济危机下的应对建议

石油资源的特殊性使得石油市场一直变幻莫测,尤其是当前经济危机影响下,我国石油市场的走向及应对策略成为了各界关注的焦点。石油需求的走向影响着我国石油政策的制定,因此石油需求的预测是很有意义的。本文应用灰色预测GM(1,1)模型,采用了1985至2008年这24年的石油需求数据,对我国未来五年的石油需求进行了预测,结果显示需求量将持续上升,而且增幅较为稳定。在此需求预测的基础上,结合我国目前石油市场的现状分析,认为存在的主要问题在于国内的石油供给不能满足日益增长的需求,导致石油消费对外依存度过高,能源安全存在隐患;另外,工业石油消耗强度过大也导致消费结构不合理,再加上我国石油进口多集中于中东等地区,渠道单一且不确定因素较多。结合当前经济危机条件的冲击影响,从保证国内石油供给、平衡能源消费结构和石油进口区域多元化这三方面提出了相关建议,认为应该加大国内外找油的步伐,多区域进口石油,并加大新能源和低能耗能源的研发,全面保障我国石油市场健康运行。     

基于能值理论的中国矿业城市发展程度分析

矿业城市是我国城市的重要组成部分,其发展程度评价与分析一直是矿业可持续发展领域的研究热点之一。如何运用科学合理的评价理论和指标体系,对矿业城市的发展程度进行评价分析,进而指导矿业城市发展显得尤为重要。本文以能值理论为基础,将其方法、基本步骤和评价指标引入到矿业城市发展评价中,提出了矿业城市发展程度的能值分析方法,建立了能值分析步骤,即通过对矿业城市进行系统的分析,构建中国矿业城市发展的能值评价指标体系,计算各个矿业城市的能值指标值,进而对不同类型的矿业城市及其与其他区域之间的能值指标值进行对比分析,有效地解决了传统评价方法在不同类型矿业城市及与其他区域之间不易进行发展对比评价的缺陷。最后通过收集整理中国矿业城市2006年度发展数据,运用能值分析方法计算其能值指标值,对其发展程度进行对比分析,从而表明该评价方法是可行的,同时也为我国制定矿业城市可持续发展策略提供科学指导。     

饱和膨润土复合颗粒吸附剂吸附的重金属离子的固定及其再生

采用Na_2S化学再生法对吸附Fe~(2+)、Mn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)饱和的膨润土-钢渣复合颗粒吸附剂分别进行重金属离子的固定及其再生实验研究,探究该吸附剂吸附的重金属离子的固定问题及其再生的可能性和多次再生后的吸附效果,同时根据SEM图进一步揭示固定、再生机理。结果表明:在对Fe~(2+)的固定、再生实验中,可形成Fe S沉淀而实现固定,但再生后再吸附时,膨润土复合颗粒中蒙脱石结构改变使得颗粒坍塌变成粉末状,因此,吸附Fe~(2+)饱和的膨润土复合颗粒吸附剂不适合用Na_2S再生;而对Mn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)的固定、再生实验中,均可形成S化物沉淀而实现固定,颗粒结构未改变,经过3次再生后,吸附剂对Mn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)的去除率还可达到94.22%、83.2%和76.30%,远比未经再生的吸附剂吸附效果好,同时,由SEM表征分析进一步揭示:Na_2S再生溶液既可使重金属离子形成MS沉淀固定,又可使复合颗粒吸附剂获得再生,实现了同步固定、再生的目的,且吸附剂经多次再生后吸附效果保持良好。     

An International Comparative Analysis on China's Economic Growth and the Convergence in Energy Intensity Gap and Its Economic Mechanism

In this paper,the authors have empirically analyzed the convergence in per capita GDP gap and the convergence in the variation of energy intensity with respect to the change of per capita GDP between China and eight developed countries.Then,the authors run a regression on the impact of decisive factors of economic growth on energy intensity and its change,so as to find out the economic mechanism of energy intensity gap changing with respect to the variation of economic growth.This study concludes that:First,there is a convergence in per capita GDP gap between China and the eight developed countries.With the convergence in per capita GDP gap,the energy intensity gap between China and eight different countries also converge,and the convergence rate of the latter is faster than that of the former,i.e.if the per capita GDP gap between China and the eight developed countries decreases by 1%,the energy intensity gap between them will correspondingly decrease by 1.552%.Second,the energy intensity decreases with the improvement of industrial structure,the rising of energy prices,the advances of technology,and the expansion of investment in fixed assets,and it slightly increases with the increase of FDI.Third,the energy intensity gap between China and eight developed countries narrows with the lessening of the difference in fixed assets investment,energy prices,and technological progress between China and eight developed countries,yet increases with the narrowing of the difference in FDI,and has no significant correlation with the difference in industrial structure.Fourth,the narrowing of difference in per capita GDP between China and the eight developed countries can result in the lessening of energy intensity gap,whose economic mechanism is that the decisive factors,such as difference in investment,technology,and the competition mechanism of prices,which can determine the difference in economic growth,can significantly affect the energy intensity gap.     

巴东官渡汇流口网箱养鱼对附近水域水质的影响

对巴东官渡汇流口网箱养殖区进行了现场调查和实验室分析,结果显示其水质变化规律为网箱养殖区劣于控制断面区域,控制断面劣于背景和削减断面,同一断面水质基本相同,控制断面水质由网箱向外逐渐变好。主成分分析表明,不同养殖区对水体污染影响依次为：中华鲟养殖区>鸭嘴鲟养殖区>黄颡鱼养殖区>鲤鱼、草鱼混养区。各水质指标相关性分析表明,官渡Chla与总磷和氨氮高度相关;氨氮、总氮、总磷和高锰酸盐指数4个指标明显相关,说明其污染源具有同源性,该水域污染主要受到网箱养殖的影响。以超河流背景断面浓度5％作为划定超背景污染带的标准,网箱养鱼引起的氨氮超背景污染面积最大,约为网箱面积的10倍,高锰酸盐指数超背景污染面积最小,约为网箱面积的5倍     

Physiological and biochemical responses of Microcystis aeruginosa to phosphite

Phosphorus (P) is a key biological element and limiting nutrient in aquatic environments. Phosphate (+5) is traditionally associated with the P nutrient supply. However, phosphite (+3) has recently generated a great deal of interest, because of the possibility that it is a P source based on recognition of its vital role in the original life of the early earth. This study investigated whether phosphite can be an alternative P source for Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806, one of the predominant bloom species in freshwater systems. The results indicated that M. aeruginosa could not utilize phosphite as a sole P-nutrient directly for cell growth at any concentration, but that phosphite could boost cell numbers and chlorophyll a (Chl-a) content as long as phosphate was provided simultaneously. Specifically, Chl-a production increased sharply when 5.44 mg P L⁻¹ phosphite was added to 0.54 mg P L⁻¹ phosphate medium. Analysis of the maximum yield of PSII indicated that phosphite may stimulate the photosynthesis process of cells in phosphate-phosphite medium. In addition, phosphite failed to support cell growth, even though it more readily permeated the cells in P-deficient medium than in P-sufficient medium. Alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) analysis indicated that, unlike organic P, phosphite inhibits the response of cells to deficient P status, especially under P-deprived conditions.     

甲苯气体的动态吸附净化及吸附剂再生实验研究

研究了活性炭纤维(ACF)对甲苯气体的动态吸附净化过程及热空气解吸脱附再生过程.采用3种经验方程对ACF的吸附等温线进行拟合,其中Langmuir方程拟合效果最好,拟合相关系数R2 =0.9960,说明在给定的浓度范围内,ACF对甲苯的吸附是以单分子层吸附为主.穿透曲线实验表明,ACF对甲苯吸附效果较好,Yoon-Ne...     

铱涂层钛电极电催化氧化降解喹啉

采用电催化氧化降解模拟焦化废水中的喹啉,研究了电极种类、废水初始质量浓度、废水pH、极板间距和电流密度对喹啉去除率的影响.实验结果表明,在以铱涂层钛电极为阳极、废水中喹啉初始质量浓度为100 mg/L、废水pH为9、电流密度为20 mA/cm2、极板间距为1 cm、反应时间为720 min时,喹啉去除率达88.1％.并...     

An overview of municipal solid waste management in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China

Rapid industrialization and urbanization in developing countries have created serious problems in municipal solid waste (MSW) management. New case studies can shed light on these problems and point the way to potential solutions for improving the overall eco-efficiency of MSW management. This paper employs a case study approach, analyzing MSW management in Inner Mongolia. This study encompasses all aspects of MSW management, including collection, separation, recycling, and disposal. Problems and challenges are identified through our analysis, and recommendations are raised by considering the local realities. Our main findings are: (1) while large cities have already established a solid foundation for MSW management, small- and medium-sized cities deserve more attention; (2) MSW in rural areas is even worse than urban areas; (3) enforcement of MSW regulations is ineffective and needs improvement; (4) lack of funds, R&D efforts and advanced technologies have impeded sustainable MSW management; (5) lack of coordination and communication among different stakeholders further damages the efforts for improvement of MSW management. Therefore, integrated efforts that combine the above concerns should be initiated so that the overall effectiveness and efficiency of MSW management can be improved.