油田特种作业人员的安全管理

调查分析了胜利采油厂特种作业人员培训持证工作现状,查找了管理中存在的问题,结合实际提出加强特种作业人员安全管理的建议。     

Long- and short-chain AHLs affect AOA and AOB microbial community composition and ammonia oxidation rate in activated sludge

Quorum sensing (QS) regulation of the composition of ammonia-oxidising archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB) communities and functions in wastewater treatment was investigated. Specifically, we explored the role of N-acyl-l-homoserine lactones (AHLs) in microbial community dynamics in activated sludge. On average, the specific ammonia-oxidising-rate increased from 1.6 to 2.8?mg?NH₄⁺-N/g?MLSS/hr after treatment with long-chain AHLs for 16?days, and the addition of AHLs to sludge resulted in an increased number of AOA/AOB amoA genes. Significant differences were observed in the AOA communities of control and AHL-treated cultures, but not the AOB community. Furthermore, the dominant functional AOA strains of the Crenarchaeota altered their ecological niche in response to AHL addition. These results provide evidence that AHLs play an important role in mediating AOA/AOB microbial community parameters and demonstrate the potential for application of QS to the regulation of nitrogen compound metabolism in wastewater treatment.     

从“对立面”来考虑安全脆弱性

安全和治安防卫有很多的共同特征,分析和研究治安防卫达到最佳效果的方法同样可应用于安全和事故防范方面。虽然通常安全不必考虑蓄意的破坏活动,但可以应用治安的脆弱性评估技术来进行安全分析。笔者旨在从另一个角度来讨论安全分析的方法,换一个切入点来辨识安全的脆弱性:将治安防卫中的脆弱性评估方法应用于安全脆弱性分析中,以期达到转换思维模式的目的。为此,讨论了“对立面”分析的人员组成、考虑范围和对该方法的理解,并运用实例,说明从“对立面”来考虑安全脆弱性是可行的。     

O_3-H_2O_2催化氧化技术深度处理石化含盐废水

采用O_3-H_2O_2-催化剂氧化体系对某石化企业含盐废水的二级生化出水进行处理,考察了不同反应体系下的反应时间、O_3流量、H_2O_2投加量对COD去除效果的影响。实验结果表明:O_3-H_2O_2-催化剂氧化体系对石化含盐废水的处理效果最好;在臭氧流量为40 m L/min、H_2O_2投加量为50 mg/L、催化剂投加量为300 g/L、反应时间为60 min的条件下,COD去除率为51.4%,出水COD为52.0 mg/L,达到GB31570—2015《石油炼制工业污染物排放标准》的要求。     

基于物种敏感性分布法的毒死蜱对稻田生态系统生态风险评价

生物敏感性分布法(Species Sensitivity Distributions,SSD)是一种基于单物种测试和概率统计学的、较高级的外推风险评估方法。该方法在国内外均被广泛应用于各种污染物风险评价中。本文选取了采用logistic和normal这2种SSD分布模型,分析了国内外毒死蜱对3组水生生物组合的毒性数据;并且获得各自SSD的HCx值。3组毒性数据分别为:浙江稻田水生生物组,长三角地区水生生物组和美国水生生物组。浙江稻田水生物SSD分布的HC5为:0.32μg·L~(-1)(logistic模型)和0.35μg·L~(-1)(normal模型);HC10为1.50μg·L~(-1)(logistic模型)和1.26μg·L~(-1)(normal模型);HC20为8.13μg·L~(-1)(logistic模型)和5.96μg·L~(-1)(normal模型);HC50为145.44μg·L~(-1)(logistic模型)和115.74μg·L~(-1)(normal模型)。据此判断水稻种植季节,稻田水域毒死蜱对食蚊鱼、鳑鲏、泽蛙蝌蚪、轮虫、常见腹足类和双壳类软体动物以及绝大多数藻类等的风险较小。利用冗余分析研究了生物物种数量、物种组成结构和拟合模型对HCx影响。结果表明:物种组成结构对HCx有较为明显的影响。具体表现为对毒死蜱较为敏感物种数量与HCx存在明显的负相关性;对毒死蜱不敏感的物种则与HCx呈现正相关性。     

Enhancing the Ability of a Soil Moisture‐based Index for Agricultural Drought Monitoring by Incorporating Root Distribution

Agricultural drought differs from meteorological, hydrological, and socioeconomic drought, being closely related to soil water availability in the root zone, specifically for crop and crop growth stage. In previous studies, several soil moisture indices (e.g., the soil moisture index, soil water deficit index) based on soil water availability have been developed for agricultural drought monitoring. However, when developing these indices, it was generally assumed that soil water availability to crops was equal throughout the root zone, and the effects of root distribution and crop growth stage on soil water uptake were ignored. This article aims to incorporate root distribution into a soil moisture‐based index and to evaluate the performance of the improved soil moisture index for agricultural drought monitoring. The Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain of China was used as the study area. Overall, soil moisture indices were significantly correlated with the crop moisture index (CMI), and the improved root‐weighted soil moisture index (RSMI) was more closely related to the CMI than averaged soil moisture indices. The RSMI correctly identified most of the observed drought events and performed well in the detection of drought levels. Furthermore, the RSMI had a better performance than averaged soil moisture indices when compared to crop yield. In conclusion, soil moisture indices could improve agricultural drought monitoring by incorporating root distribution.     

简捷硝化-反硝化过程处理焦化废水的研究

简捷硝化-反硝化过程处理焦化废水具有去除负荷高、出水浓度低、可节省反硝化碳源等优点.试验表明,当系统进水COD、NH₃-N和TN浓度分别为1204.8、274.3和443mg/L,系统总水力停留时间为26.2h时,系统出水COD、NH₃-N、NO₂^--N、NO₃^--N和TN浓度分别为36.3、12.1、9.25、2.46和44.4mg/L.试验结果还证明本文所采用的系统确实处于简捷硝化-反硝化状态.     

内循环式生物反应器氧传质及流态特性研究

通过气-液两相普通流化床和内循环式生物反应器(DTBR)的对比研究,发现DTBR具有更好的氧传质能力和氧转移效率。本试验条件下,当表面气速为0.29cm/s时,DTBR的(KLα)20和E4值分别为普通流化床反应器的1.2倍和1.3倍。通过研究影响DTBR混合特性的主要因素,发现表面气速的影响最大,表面液速的影响最小。其它条件相同,表面气速分别为0.29和0.074cm/s时,DTBR的循环时间分别为12s和16s,混合时间分别为76.2s和91.8s。      

构筑地震安全城市

遭遇过地震和突发性公共卫生事件后,人们更加关注自身的生存安全和生存环境,安全城市的概念逐步得到了强化。在全面建设小康社会和以人力本的执政理念逐渐深入人心的过程中,构筑安全城市,努力营造安全人居环境成为人们理智的选择和目标。有效抵御地震的袭击,缔造地震安全城市也是其重要内容。