甲苯气体的动态吸附净化及吸附剂再生实验研究

研究了活性炭纤维(ACF)对甲苯气体的动态吸附净化过程及热空气解吸脱附再生过程.采用3种经验方程对ACF的吸附等温线进行拟合,其中Langmuir方程拟合效果最好,拟合相关系数R2 =0.9960,说明在给定的浓度范围内,ACF对甲苯的吸附是以单分子层吸附为主.穿透曲线实验表明,ACF对甲苯吸附效果较好,Yoon-Ne...     

Physiological and biochemical responses of Microcystis aeruginosa to phosphite

Phosphorus (P) is a key biological element and limiting nutrient in aquatic environments. Phosphate (+5) is traditionally associated with the P nutrient supply. However, phosphite (+3) has recently generated a great deal of interest, because of the possibility that it is a P source based on recognition of its vital role in the original life of the early earth. This study investigated whether phosphite can be an alternative P source for Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806, one of the predominant bloom species in freshwater systems. The results indicated that M. aeruginosa could not utilize phosphite as a sole P-nutrient directly for cell growth at any concentration, but that phosphite could boost cell numbers and chlorophyll a (Chl-a) content as long as phosphate was provided simultaneously. Specifically, Chl-a production increased sharply when 5.44 mg P L⁻¹ phosphite was added to 0.54 mg P L⁻¹ phosphate medium. Analysis of the maximum yield of PSII indicated that phosphite may stimulate the photosynthesis process of cells in phosphate-phosphite medium. In addition, phosphite failed to support cell growth, even though it more readily permeated the cells in P-deficient medium than in P-sufficient medium. Alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) analysis indicated that, unlike organic P, phosphite inhibits the response of cells to deficient P status, especially under P-deprived conditions.     

红树林生态系统微生物学研究进展

红树林生态系统是复杂而独特的生态系统,是目前环境科学和生态学研究的热点领域,而对红树林生态系统微生物学的研究也越来越受到重视,目前研究的热点主要集中在红树林生态系统微生物的物种多样性、生理活性物质多样性以及环境修复功能上.未来的研究,除了现有的研究基础要加强,研究手段与方法要采用新技术外,还应该在探索红树林生态系统微生物与物质和能量平衡、微生物与其它生物及其与气候的关系等方面进一步深入研究.     

Regional medical waste management in China: a case study of Shenyang

Medical waste management is of great importance due to its potential environmental and public health risks, especially in developing countries where both financial and technological resources on medical waste management are still lacking. Although many studies have focused on country-scaled medical waste management, few have paid close attention to regional (city-scale) management, particularly in China. This paper fills such a gap by employing a case study approach. Due to its representative nature, Shenyang was selected as the case study. After a review of China’s medical waste management, an empirical study in Shenyang was conducted in order to analyze the current state as well as identify key challenges on regional medical waste management. Based upon the local realities and aiming to better manage medical wastes, an integrated medical waste management framework is developed. Such a platform encourages the establishment of a specific medical waste management authority, a city scaled capacity building program on improving the general public’s awareness, an information platform, application of state-of-the-art technologies, as well as creation of an effective financial system. The combination of such initiatives can significantly improve the overall eco-efficiency of medical waste management at the regional level and should be promoted to other developing cities.     

湖北省湿地冬季水鸟多样性研究

报道了2004年1~4月湖北冬季水鸟调查结果,记录水鸟 66 种,种群数量 59 613 只,分属8目15科,其中列入国家重点保护的一级鸟类 4 种,115 只,国家二级 7 种,2 968 只。分析了冬季水鸟群落结构、分布和种群变动,并用生物多样性指数、物种丰富度与生物量3个不同的测度指标对其中12个湖泊的水鸟群落进行了评价,认为沉湖、梁子湖、龙感湖和网湖是较为成熟稳定的群落;并从沉湖东方白鹳（Ciconia boyciana）、龙感湖白头鹤（Grus monacha）、洪湖鸭科水鸟近40年的种群动态探讨了湿地水鸟现状,认为种群衰退趋势明显、湿地干扰和威胁严重。对此提出了加强湿地保护区的建设,理顺管理体制,合理规划与发展湿地产业和保护湿地资源对策。     

活性矸对硫、氟、铬阴离子吸附的研究

本文对活性矸-硫、活性矸-氟、活性矸-铬(Ⅵ)三种吸附系统进行了研究.结果表明:活性矸静态等温吸附符合Freundlich吸附等温式;静态吸附动力学可用Bangharm吸附速率方程描述;利用Body公式可确定活性析矸-氟吸附系统的液相有效扩散系数.     

雾霾期北京大气中多环芳烃污染特征及暴露风险评估

雾霾对我国尤其是华北平原地区造成了极大的困扰,其发生常以颗粒物浓度急剧增长为特征,给人群健康带来了极大的风险。为进一步阐释雾霾的形成过程及其健康效应,在冬季雾霾期对北京城区大气颗粒态及气态中18种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了连续测定,同步监测颗粒物、痕量气体污染物以及气象参数的变化,并对PAHs的浓度、组成、气粒分配等大气行为以及其与气象因素的作用机制进行了探讨。北京城区大气气相和颗粒物相中ΣPAHs浓度分别为585 ng·m^-3和705 ng·m^-3。雾霾发生时,PM_2.5浓度升高了3.6倍,PAHs浓度升高了2.6倍,18种PAHs同系物的浓度均随PM_2.5的浓度线性增加,其线性相关性受PAHs来源以及氧化活性的影响;夜间较重质量数的PAHs相对比例增加,主要受日间交通源以及夜间燃烧源贡献强度影响。受颗粒物组成以及湿度的影响,雾霾天气下PAHs颗粒相分配率降低。进一步评估了北京城区人群的PAHs吸入健康效应,冬季雾霾频繁发生下其对人群癌症风险为6.2×10^-5。     

曝气生物滤池处理农村污水的中试研究

采用研制的曝气生物滤池对农村污水进行处理,研究其性能特点和影响因素。结果表明：在气水比为5∶1,水力停留时间（HRT）为15 h,进水COD浓度在250 mg/L以下时,COD和氨氮的去除率分别在80％和90％以上,出水COD和氨氮值达到国家《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准;反应器在冬季水温12℃以上运行时出水COD和氨氮值比在夏季运行时有所上升,但去除率仍在80%和90%以上,可以达到排放标准。     

微电解联合物化法处理维生素B12难降解废水的研究

对使用微电解联合物化法处理维生素B12难降解废水进行了分析。通过实验研究了微电解联合物化法处理维生素B12废水的最佳工艺条件。在最佳工艺条件下,维生素B12废水色度去除达88.46%,COD去除率达到71.06%。该处理方法最后将污染物质直接吸附于改性膨润土上,不产生浓缩废水、酸碱废水等更加难以处理的废水,并且不带入有毒有害物质,可以有效降低水中污染物含量,减少后续生物处理设备的污染负荷。