O_3-H_2O_2催化氧化技术深度处理石化含盐废水

采用O_3-H_2O_2-催化剂氧化体系对某石化企业含盐废水的二级生化出水进行处理,考察了不同反应体系下的反应时间、O_3流量、H_2O_2投加量对COD去除效果的影响。实验结果表明:O_3-H_2O_2-催化剂氧化体系对石化含盐废水的处理效果最好;在臭氧流量为40 m L/min、H_2O_2投加量为50 mg/L、催化剂投加量为300 g/L、反应时间为60 min的条件下,COD去除率为51.4%,出水COD为52.0 mg/L,达到GB31570—2015《石油炼制工业污染物排放标准》的要求。     

基于物种敏感性分布法的毒死蜱对稻田生态系统生态风险评价

生物敏感性分布法(Species Sensitivity Distributions,SSD)是一种基于单物种测试和概率统计学的、较高级的外推风险评估方法。该方法在国内外均被广泛应用于各种污染物风险评价中。本文选取了采用logistic和normal这2种SSD分布模型,分析了国内外毒死蜱对3组水生生物组合的毒性数据;并且获得各自SSD的HCx值。3组毒性数据分别为:浙江稻田水生生物组,长三角地区水生生物组和美国水生生物组。浙江稻田水生物SSD分布的HC5为:0.32μg·L~(-1)(logistic模型)和0.35μg·L~(-1)(normal模型);HC10为1.50μg·L~(-1)(logistic模型)和1.26μg·L~(-1)(normal模型);HC20为8.13μg·L~(-1)(logistic模型)和5.96μg·L~(-1)(normal模型);HC50为145.44μg·L~(-1)(logistic模型)和115.74μg·L~(-1)(normal模型)。据此判断水稻种植季节,稻田水域毒死蜱对食蚊鱼、鳑鲏、泽蛙蝌蚪、轮虫、常见腹足类和双壳类软体动物以及绝大多数藻类等的风险较小。利用冗余分析研究了生物物种数量、物种组成结构和拟合模型对HCx影响。结果表明:物种组成结构对HCx有较为明显的影响。具体表现为对毒死蜱较为敏感物种数量与HCx存在明显的负相关性;对毒死蜱不敏感的物种则与HCx呈现正相关性。     

Enhancing the Ability of a Soil Moisture‐based Index for Agricultural Drought Monitoring by Incorporating Root Distribution

Agricultural drought differs from meteorological, hydrological, and socioeconomic drought, being closely related to soil water availability in the root zone, specifically for crop and crop growth stage. In previous studies, several soil moisture indices (e.g., the soil moisture index, soil water deficit index) based on soil water availability have been developed for agricultural drought monitoring. However, when developing these indices, it was generally assumed that soil water availability to crops was equal throughout the root zone, and the effects of root distribution and crop growth stage on soil water uptake were ignored. This article aims to incorporate root distribution into a soil moisture‐based index and to evaluate the performance of the improved soil moisture index for agricultural drought monitoring. The Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain of China was used as the study area. Overall, soil moisture indices were significantly correlated with the crop moisture index (CMI), and the improved root‐weighted soil moisture index (RSMI) was more closely related to the CMI than averaged soil moisture indices. The RSMI correctly identified most of the observed drought events and performed well in the detection of drought levels. Furthermore, the RSMI had a better performance than averaged soil moisture indices when compared to crop yield. In conclusion, soil moisture indices could improve agricultural drought monitoring by incorporating root distribution.     

有机锡化合物对萝卜螺的毒性作用

研究了氯化三丁基锡（ＴＢＴ）对折叠萝卜螺Ｒａｄｉｘｐｌｉｃａｔｕｌａ的毒性作用,结果表明,ＴＢＴ对萝卜螺的９６ｈ半数数致死浓度（ＬＣ５０）为１．１７μｇ／Ｌ,在４０ｄ中,ＴＢＴ对萝卜螺放卵量的ＥＣ５０为０．１０μｇ／Ｌ,螺卵孵化率的ＬＣ５０为０．１７μｇ／Ｌ。     

简捷硝化-反硝化过程处理焦化废水的研究

简捷硝化-反硝化过程处理焦化废水具有去除负荷高、出水浓度低、可节省反硝化碳源等优点.试验表明,当系统进水COD、NH₃-N和TN浓度分别为1204.8、274.3和443mg/L,系统总水力停留时间为26.2h时,系统出水COD、NH₃-N、NO₂^--N、NO₃^--N和TN浓度分别为36.3、12.1、9.25、2.46和44.4mg/L.试验结果还证明本文所采用的系统确实处于简捷硝化-反硝化状态.     

内循环式生物反应器氧传质及流态特性研究

通过气-液两相普通流化床和内循环式生物反应器(DTBR)的对比研究,发现DTBR具有更好的氧传质能力和氧转移效率。本试验条件下,当表面气速为0.29cm/s时,DTBR的(KLα)20和E4值分别为普通流化床反应器的1.2倍和1.3倍。通过研究影响DTBR混合特性的主要因素,发现表面气速的影响最大,表面液速的影响最小。其它条件相同,表面气速分别为0.29和0.074cm/s时,DTBR的循环时间分别为12s和16s,混合时间分别为76.2s和91.8s。      

构筑地震安全城市

遭遇过地震和突发性公共卫生事件后,人们更加关注自身的生存安全和生存环境,安全城市的概念逐步得到了强化。在全面建设小康社会和以人力本的执政理念逐渐深入人心的过程中,构筑安全城市,努力营造安全人居环境成为人们理智的选择和目标。有效抵御地震的袭击,缔造地震安全城市也是其重要内容。     

炼油污水深度处理回用的中试

采用两级曝气生物滤池和多介质滤池相串联的中试装置,连续处理某炼油厂污水车间二浮出水,主要考察了中试装置对污水中主要污染物的去除效果和规律,并确定了适宜的气水比。试验结果表明:采用该工艺时,除石油类外,其它各项指标都达到《循环冷却水用再生水水质标准》(HG/T3923-2007)要求的水质指标;两级曝气生物滤池的气水比分别选用5.6∶1和5∶1为宜;验证了BAF是通过生物氧化和过滤两种作用来去除COD,第一段BAF以去除污水中碳化有机物为主,第二段BAF主要以去除污水中的NH4+-N为主。     

Implementing China's circular economy concept at the regional level: a review of progress in Dalian, China

The circular economy (CE) concept was introduced in China to address environmental degradation and resource scarcity associated with rapid economic development. Chosen as a demonstration city, Dalian has implemented the CE strategy as a means of conserving water, materials, energy and land. This paper outlines some of the regional CE initiatives that have been successful to date in Dalian, including those focusing on conserving energy and water resources and others focusing on reduced industrial emissions. The paper details the approach used in implementing the CE concept in Dalian, tracing the foci and goals of the program, and the sectoral approach used to implement a CE. Although Dalian municipality has achieved many successes in implementing a CE, our paper identifies several challenges that, until recently, have held back complete implementation. These include: the lack of incentives for older industries to 'green' their operations, the lack of financial support to expand the CE concept, and a broad-based need for heightened public awareness and participation in CE initiatives. Our paper then identifies several responses by Dalian municipality to overcome these challenges, including pricing and tax reforms that serve as conservation incentives, the provision of financial support for CE promotion through budget reorganization, and the organization of CE training programs. Our paper concludes that, although CE initiatives have been successful in Dalian, more is possible and more is needed before Dalian can be designated a true 'eco-city'. The approach used by Dalian can provide guidance for other Chinese cities, although it is recognized that each city must tailor its own approach for differing contexts and conditions.     

Preparation and Properties of Thermoplastic Starch/Montmorillonite Nanocomposite Using N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)formamide as a New Additive

N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)formamide (HF) was synthesized efficiently and used as a new additive to prepare thermoplastic starch/montmorillonite nanocomposite (TPS/MMT). Here, HF acted as both plasticizer for TPS and swelling agent for MMT. The hydrogen bond interaction among HF, starch and MMT was proven by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. By scanning electron microscope (SEM), starch granules were completely disrupted. Atomic force microscopy demonstrated that partially exfoliated TPS/MMT nanocomposite was formed. The crystallinity of corn starch, MMT, HF-plasticized TPS (HTPS) and TPS/MMT nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thermal stability of HTPS and TPS/MMT was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The water resistance of TPS/MMT nanocomposite increased compared with that of pure HTPS. Tensile strengths of TPS/MMT nanocomposites were higher than those of HTPS, but just the reverse for elongations at break.